{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:03:22Z","timestamp":1761743002371,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3401,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate chronic otitis media (COM) induction of cochlear cytokine genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>STUDY DESIGN<\/jats:title><jats:p>RNA from cochleas of five C3H\/HeJ mice with and without COM was isolated for cytokine expression in gene arrays. Immunohistochemistry was performed for the protein products of up\u2010regulated genes to confirm their expression in cochlear tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cochleas from COM mice showed increased expression of 29 genes (&gt;2X normal) and decreased expression of 19 genes (&lt;0.5X normal). Cytokines expressed were largely those related to inflammation and tissue remodeling. Cochlear immuno\u2010histochemistry confirmed the presence of numerous cytokines, as well as NF\u2010<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>B, a major inflammatory transcription factor that drives cytokine expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>COM causes elevated levels of cochlear cytokine mRNA, which demonstrates that inner ear tissues are capable of NF\u2010<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>B activation and cytokine production. This may be another mechanism of otitis media\u2010induced cochlear cytotoxicity in addition to that caused by migration of inflammatory cytokines from the middle ear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>SIGNIFICANCE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cochlear tissues are capable of mounting an immunological response to middle ear inflammatory stimuli.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.03.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,31]],"date-time":"2007-07-31T07:27:28Z","timestamp":1185866848000},"page":"332-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cochlear Cytokine Gene Expression in Murine Chronic Otitis Media"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Bobak A.","family":"Ghaheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Hearing Research Center Portland Oregon"}]},{"given":"J. Beth","family":"Kempton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Hearing Research Center Portland Oregon"}]},{"given":"De\u2010Ann M.","family":"Pillers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, and Molecular &amp; Medical Genetics Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon"}]},{"given":"Dennis R.","family":"Trune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Hearing Research Center Portland Oregon"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200009000-00034"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7093.1526"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","DOI":"10.1038\/ni712"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200404000-00006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947808700602"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948409300616"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16253-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947808700602"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000224527.41288.c4"},{"unstructured":"MacArthurCJ KemptonB DeGagneJM et al.Bacteriology of chronic otitis media in C3H\/HeJ mice.Assoc Res Otolaryngol Midwinter Mtg Denver Feb 11\u201315 2007.","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","DOI":"10.1038\/76048"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1116"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200209000-00011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000240170.48584.73"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.CPJ05004X"},{"volume-title":"The cytokine facts book","year":"2001","author":"Fitzgerald KA","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.03.020","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.03.020","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.03.020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:52:41Z","timestamp":1760964761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.03.020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.03.020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.03.020","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-09-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-03-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}