{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T18:03:04Z","timestamp":1780423384861,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parallel Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T08:21:18Z","timestamp":1775895678000},"page":"103195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluating SYCL as a unified programming model for heterogeneous systems"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0914-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ami","family":"Marowka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177459","article-title":"Singularity: Scientific containers for mobility of compute","author":"Kurtzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b2","unstructured":"Khronos Group Landing page, https:\/\/www.khronos.org\/sycl\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b3","series-title":"Sycl 2020 specification (revision 7)","author":"The Khronos SYCL Working Group","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b4","series-title":"Intel oneapi dpc++\/c++ compiler (dpc++)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b5","series-title":"Computecpp community edition","author":"Codeplay Software Ltd","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b6","series-title":"Adaptivecpp","author":"Alpay","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b7","series-title":"International Workshop on OpenCL (IWOCL\u201922)","first-page":"10","article-title":"Exploring the possibility of a hipSYCL-based implementation of oneAPI","author":"Alpay","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Marowka, On the Singularity of SYCL, in: 2025 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops, (IPDPSW), Milano, Italy, 2025, pp. 913\u2013922, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/IPDPSW66978.2025.00142.","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPSW66978.2025.00142"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b9","unstructured":"Source codes of Vector Addition Benchmarks, https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/mr235nuy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b10","series-title":"Euro-Par 2021: Parallel Processing","article-title":"Exploiting co-execution with oneapi: Heterogeneity from a modern perspective","volume":"Vol. 12820","author":"Nozal","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Jin, J.S. Vetter, Evaluating Unified Memory Performance in HIP, in: 2022 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops, (IPDPSW), Lyon, France, 2022, pp. 562\u2013568.","DOI":"10.1109\/IPDPSW55747.2022.00096"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b12","first-page":"012018","volume":"2438","author":"Joube","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Phys. : Conf. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b13","unstructured":"Y. Gu, W. Wu, Y. Li, L. Chen, 2020 UVMBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark Suite for Researching Unified Virtual Memory in GPUs, arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.09822."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N. Mijic, D. Davidovic, Benchmark DPC++ code and performance portability on heterogeneous architectures, in: 2023 46th MIPRO ICT and Electronics Convention, MIPRO, Opatija, Croatia, 2023, pp. 331\u2013337, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.23919\/MIPRO57284.2023.10159832.","DOI":"10.23919\/MIPRO57284.2023.10159832"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcel Breyer, Alexander Van Craen, Dirk Pfluger, Performance Evolution of Different SYCL Implementations based on the Parallel Least Squares Support Vector Machine Library, in: International Workshop on OpenCL (IWOCL\u201923), 2023, Cambridge United Kingdom, 2023, pp. 18\u201320.","DOI":"10.1145\/3585341.3585369"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei-Chen Lin, Tom Deakin, Simon McIntosh-Smith, On measuring the maturity of SYCL implementations by tracking historical performance improvements, in: Workshop on OpenCL, 2021, pp. 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1145\/3456669.3456701"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Chien, I. Peng, S. Markidis, Performance Evaluation of Advanced Features in CUDA Unified Memory, in: IEEE\/ACM Workshop on Memory Centric High Performance Computing (MCHPC), Denver, CO, USA, 2019, pp. 50\u201357.","DOI":"10.1109\/MCHPC49590.2019.00014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5378","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-017-2091-x","article-title":"Performance evaluation of unified memory and dynamic parallelism for selected parallel CUDA applications","volume":"73","author":"Jarzabek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b19","series-title":"Overall performance of unified shared memory types with level zero on intel integrated gpus","author":"Fumero","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Deakin, S. McIntosh-Smith, A. Alpay, V. Heuveline, Benchmarking and Extending SYCL Hierarchical Parallelism, in: 2021 IEEE\/ACM International Workshop on Hierarchical Parallelism for Exascale Computing (HiPar), St. Louis, MO, USA, 2021, pp. 10\u201319.","DOI":"10.1109\/HiPar54615.2021.00007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b21","series-title":"in International Workshop on OpenCL","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comparison of SYCL, OpenCL, CUDA, and OpenMP for massively parallel support vector machine classification on multi-vendor hardware","author":"Breyer","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Jin, J.S. Vetter, A Benchmark Suite for Improving Performance Portability of the SYCL Programming Model, in: 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software, (ISPASS), Raleigh, NC, USA, 2023, pp. 325\u2013327, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/ISPASS57527.2023.00041.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPASS57527.2023.00041"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b23","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on OpenCL and SYCL","first-page":"1","article-title":"Performance evaluation of sycl\u2019s different data parallel kernels.","volume":"10","author":"Breyer","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b24","series-title":"Sycl 2020 specification (revision 10)","author":"The Khronos SYCL Working Group","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195_b25","series-title":"International Workshop on OpenCL","article-title":"Implementation techniques for SPMD kernels on CPUs","author":"Meyer","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Parallel Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016781912600013X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016781912600013X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T17:28:59Z","timestamp":1780421339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016781912600013X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":25,"alternative-id":["S016781912600013X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-8191"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-8191","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluating SYCL as a unified programming model for heterogeneous systems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Parallel Computing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parco.2026.103195","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103195"}}