{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:16:51Z","timestamp":1776125811831,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009014","name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LZJTU-ZDYF2305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LZJTU-ZDYF2305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015860","name":"China Railway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N2023X050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N2023X050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015860","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007764","name":"Lanzhou Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LZJKY2024079-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LZJKY2024079-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62241106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62241106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61861025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61861025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018554","name":"Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23CXGA0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23CXGA0008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018554","name":"Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023QZzhtl1102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023QZzhtl1102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T16:30:26Z","timestamp":1774283426000},"page":"113520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["DWSFusion: Dual weight supervision for lightweight infrared and visible image fusion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5677-1080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenkai","family":"Qiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5396-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4604-7942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yubin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2172-5724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanxiang","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.111778","article-title":"A multi-level detection guided and co-encoding network for infrared and visible image fusion","volume":"168","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2022.09.019","article-title":"Current advances and future perspectives of image fusion: a comprehensive review","volume":"90","author":"Karim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.111612","article-title":"Visual fidelity and full-scale interaction driven network for infrared and visible image fusion","volume":"165","author":"Mei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0004","article-title":"PCFFusion: progressive cross-modal feature fusion network for infrared and visible images","volume":"172","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0005","article-title":"W-EICMFUsion: a fusion network for infrared and visible images utilising WOA hyperparameter optimisation","volume":"172","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.03.010","article-title":"A wavelet-based image fusion tutorial","volume":"37","author":"Pajares","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2014.07.019","article-title":"Adaptive fusion method of visible light and infrared images based on non-subsampled shearlet transform and fast non-negative matrix factorization","volume":"67","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2014.09.019","article-title":"Fusion method for infrared and visible images by using non-negative sparse representation","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2024.128957","article-title":"DSAFuse: infrared and visible image fusion via dual-branch spatial adaptive feature extraction","volume":"616","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.125682","article-title":"A novel infrared and visible image fusion network based on cross-modality reinforcement and multi-attention fusion strategy","volume":"264","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0011","first-page":"1","article-title":"STDFusionNet: an infrared and visible image fusion network based on salient target detection","volume":"70","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2887342","article-title":"DenseFuse: a fusion approach to infrared and visible images","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.09.004","article-title":"FusionGAN: a generative adversarial network for infrared and visible image fusion","volume":"48","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. fusion"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2022.105686","article-title":"SwinFusion: cross-domain long-range learning for general image fusion via swin transformer","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J. Autom. Sin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3521416","article-title":"Infrared and visible image fusion: from data compatibility to task adaption","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219691318500182","article-title":"Infrared and visible image fusion with convolutional neural networks","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Wavelets Multiresolution Inf. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2025.3572144","article-title":"STAFusion: an adversarial learning network for infrared and visible image fusion via swin transformer","volume":"10","author":"Zhai","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Emerging Top. Comput. Intell."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11877","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2025.3586679","article-title":"SLFusion: a structure-aware infrared and visible image fusion network for low-light scenes","volume":"35","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.111457","article-title":"SSDFusion: a scene-semantic decomposition approach for visible and infrared image fusion","volume":"163","author":"Ming","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5832","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2025.3607585","article-title":"Harmonized domain enabled alternate search for infrared and visible image alignment","volume":"34","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-021-01501-8","article-title":"SDNet: a versatile squeeze-and-decomposition network for real-time image fusion","volume":"129","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.111476","article-title":"Infrared and visible image fusion via dual encoder based on dense connection","volume":"163","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.111843","article-title":"CM-MCNet: convolution and multilayer perceptron-integrated multiscale coordinate network for infrared and visible image fusion","volume":"168","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0024","unstructured":"L.-C. Chen, G. Papandreou, I. Kokkinos, K. Murphy, A.L. Yuille, Semantic image segmentation with deep convolutional nets and fully connected crfs, arXiv preprint arXiv: 1412.7062(2014)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"3414","article-title":"Frequency-adaptive dilated convolution for semantic segmentation","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0026","first-page":"2672","article-title":"Generative adversarial nets","volume":"27","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0027","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"214","article-title":"Wasserstein generative adversarial networks","author":"Arjovsky","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0028","first-page":"5767","article-title":"Improved training of wasserstein gans","volume":"30","author":"Gulrajani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4980","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2977573","article-title":"DDcGAN: a dual-discriminator conditional generative adversarial network for multi-resolution image fusion","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2017.09.038","article-title":"The TNO multiband image data collection","volume":"15","author":"Toet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.3012548","article-title":"U2Fusion: a unified unsupervised image fusion network","volume":"44","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2022.03.007","article-title":"PIAFusion: a progressive infrared and visible image fusion network based on illumination aware","volume":"83","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0033","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"5802","article-title":"Target-aware dual adversarial learning and a multi-scenario multi-modality benchmark to fuse infrared and visible for object detection","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.07.011","article-title":"IFCNN: a general image fusion framework based on convolutional neural network","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.12.004","article-title":"Image fusion in the loop of high-level vision tasks: a semantic-aware real-time infrared and visible image fusion network","volume":"82","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0036","first-page":"1","article-title":"GANMcC: a generative adversarial network with multiclassification constraints for infrared and visible image fusion","volume":"70","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0037","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"5906","article-title":"CDDFuse: correlation-driven dual-branch feature decomposition for multi-modality image fusion","author":"Zhao","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5705","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2023.3322046","article-title":"Dif-fusion: towards high color fidelity in infrared and visible image fusion with diffusion models","volume":"32","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.110633","article-title":"DSFusion: infrared and visible image fusion method combining detail and scene information","volume":"154","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2024.111666","article-title":"MBHFuse: a multi-branch heterogeneous global and local infrared and visible image fusion with differential convolutional amplification features","volume":"181","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102639","article-title":"LFDT-Fusion: a latent feature-guided diffusion transformer model for general image fusion","volume":"113","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520_bib0042","series-title":"Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference","first-page":"2226","article-title":"DCEvo: discriminative cross-dimensional evolutionary learning for infrared and visible image fusion","author":"Liu","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320326004863?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320326004863?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T23:34:42Z","timestamp":1776123282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031320326004863"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0031320326004863"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"DWSFusion: Dual weight supervision for lightweight infrared and visible image fusion","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pattern Recognition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113520","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113520"}}