{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T13:54:33Z","timestamp":1776347673706,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62173203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62173203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T07:26:26Z","timestamp":1774682786000},"page":"113597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Harnessing the power of local representations for few-shot classification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2532-4158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guiming","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xinchen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0001","series-title":"Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","article-title":"DeepEMD: few-shot image classification with differentiable earth mover\u2019s distance and structured classifiers","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0002","series-title":"Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","article-title":"Few-shot classification with feature map reconstruction networks","author":"Wertheimer","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0003","series-title":"Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","article-title":"Learning to affiliate: mutual centralized learning for few-shot classification","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3123813","article-title":"Mixer-based semantic spread for few-shot learning","volume":"25","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0005","first-page":"5632","article-title":"DeepEMD: differentiable earth mover\u2019s distance for few-shot learning","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0006","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Distance metric learning with application to clustering with side-information","author":"Xing","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0007","series-title":"International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","article-title":"Meta-baseline: exploring simple meta-learning for few-shot learning","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0008","series-title":"Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","article-title":"Pushing the limits of simple pipelines for few-shot learning: external data and fine-tuning make a difference","author":"Hu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0009","series-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","article-title":"Noise or signal: the role of image backgrounds in object recognition","author":"Xiao","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/1970392.1970395","article-title":"Robust principal component analysis?","volume":"58","author":"Cand\u00e8s","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0011","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Sinkhorn distances: lightspeed computation of optimal transport","author":"Cuturi","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0012","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Matching networks for one shot learning","author":"Vinyals","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0013","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Prototypical networks for few-shot learning","author":"Snell","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0014","series-title":"Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","article-title":"Learning to compare: relation network for few-shot learning","author":"Sung","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2022.3141886","article-title":"Graph complemented latent representation for few-shot image classification","volume":"25","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0016","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)","article-title":"LGM-Net: learning to generate matching networks for few-shot learning","author":"Li","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10264","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2024.3405713","article-title":"Few-shot fine-grained image classification via multi-frequency neighborhood and double-cross modulation","volume":"26","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-024-05635-3","article-title":"Class feature sub-space for few-shot classification","volume":"54","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.110805","article-title":"Few-shot classification with fork attention adapter","volume":"156","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.111822","article-title":"SRML: structure-relation mutual learning network for few-shot image classification","volume":"168","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2022.108792","article-title":"Learning attention-guided pyramidal features for few-shot fine-grained recognition","volume":"130","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0022","series-title":"ACM International Conference on Multimedia","article-title":"BlockMix: meta regularization and self-calibrated inference for metric-based meta-learning","author":"Tang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0023","series-title":"ACM International Conference on Multimedia","article-title":"M3Net: multi-view encoding, matching, and fusion for few-shot fine-grained action recognition","author":"Tang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0024","series-title":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","article-title":"Connecting giants: synergistic knowledge transfer of large multimodal models for few-shot learning","author":"Tang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0025","series-title":"Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","article-title":"Revisiting local descriptor based image-to-class measure for few-shot learning","author":"Li","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0026","unstructured":"G. Hinton, O. Vinyals, J. Dean, Distilling the knowledge in a neural network, (2015). 10.48550\/arXiv.1503.02531."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0027","series-title":"Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","article-title":"A gift from knowledge distillation: fast optimization, network minimization and transfer learning","author":"Yim","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0028","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Paraphrasing complex network: network compression via factor transfer","author":"Kim","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0029","series-title":"International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","article-title":"A comprehensive overhaul of feature distillation","author":"Heo","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0030","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)","article-title":"Born again neural networks","author":"Furlanello","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0031","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Self-distillation as instance-specific label smoothing","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0032","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Mean teachers are better role models: weight-averaged consistency targets improve semi-supervised deep learning results","author":"Tarvainen","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0033","series-title":"Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","article-title":"Momentum contrast for unsupervised visual representation learning","author":"He","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0034","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Bootstrap your own latent - a new approach to self-supervised learning","author":"Grill","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0035","series-title":"Proceedings of the Arpa Image Understanding Workshop","article-title":"The earth mover\u201ds distance, multidimensional scaling, and color-based image retrieval","author":"Rubner","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0036","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Interventional few-Shot learning","author":"Yue","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2140\/pjm.1967.21.343","article-title":"Concerning nonnegative matrices and doubly stochastic matrices","volume":"21","author":"Sinkhorn","year":"1967","journal-title":"Pac. J. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0038","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Attention is all you need","author":"Vaswani","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0816-y","article-title":"Imagenet large scale visual recognition challenge","volume":"115","author":"Russakovsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0040","series-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","article-title":"Meta-learning for semi-supervised few-shot classification","author":"Ren","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0041","unstructured":"C. Wah, S. Branson, P. Welinder, P. Perona, S. Belongie, The Caltech-UCSD birds-200-2011 dataset(2011)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0042","series-title":"Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","article-title":"Few-shot learning via embedding adaptation with set-to-set functions","author":"Ye","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0043","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"TADAM: task dependent adaptive metric for improved few-shot learning","author":"Oreshkin","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0044","series-title":"International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","article-title":"Partner-assisted learning for few-shot image classification","author":"Ma","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0045","series-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)","article-title":"Associative alignment for few-shot image classification","author":"Afrasiyabi","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0046","series-title":"International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","article-title":"Transductive few-shot classification on the oblique manifold","author":"Qi","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0047","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Rethinking generalization in few-shot classification","author":"Hiller","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0048","series-title":"Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","article-title":"ECKPN: explicit class knowledge propagation network for transductive few-shot learning","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7840","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v35i9.16957","article-title":"Attributes-guided and pure-visual attention alignment for few-shot recognition","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0050","series-title":"ACM International Conference on Multimedia","article-title":"Attribute-guided dynamic routing graph network for transductive few-shot learning","author":"Chen","year":"2022"},{"issue":"86","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0051","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"van der Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0052","series-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)","article-title":"A closer look at few-shot classification","author":"Chen","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597_bib0053","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS)","article-title":"Few-shot learning through an information retrieval lens","author":"Triantafillou","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320326005637?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320326005637?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T13:04:10Z","timestamp":1776344650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031320326005637"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0031320326005637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Harnessing the power of local representations for few-shot classification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pattern Recognition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113597","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113597"}}