{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T16:21:27Z","timestamp":1783182087588,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022 J01072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 J01072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022 J01540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 J01540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62305061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62305061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62305062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62305062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:34:29Z","timestamp":1777527269000},"page":"113895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PD","title":["Multispectral detection of camouflaged targets in foggy and complex scenes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouqian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2025.102939","article-title":"Efficient multispectral object detection with attentive feature aggregation leveraging zero-shot implicit illumination guidance","volume":"118","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.111383","article-title":"MultiSpectral transformer fusion via exploiting similarity and complementarity for robust pedestrian detection","volume":"162","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7422","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2021.3098678","article-title":"Deep-learning-based multispectral satellite image segmentation for water body detection","volume":"14","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3949","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13193949","article-title":"Camouflaged target detection based on snapshot multispectral imaging","volume":"13","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14153755","article-title":"Adopting hyperspectral anomaly detection for near real-time camouflage detection in multispectral imagery","volume":"14","author":"Hupel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hyperspectral anomaly detection with guided autoencoder","volume":"60","author":"Xiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1109\/29.60107","article-title":"Adaptive multiple-band CFAR detection of an optical pattern with unknown spectral distribution","volume":"38","author":"Reed","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dt.2023.12.011","article-title":"Towards complex scenes: a deep learning-based camouflaged people detection method for snapshot multispectral images","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Def. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.168","article-title":"Single image haze removal using dark channel prior","volume":"33","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2446191","article-title":"A fast single image haze removal algorithm using color attenuation prior","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0011","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"1674","article-title":"Non-local image dehazing","author":"Berman","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4832","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2975909","article-title":"Lower bound on transmission using non-linear bounding function in single image dehazing","volume":"29","author":"Raikwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3110483","article-title":"Joint contrast enhancement and exposure fusion for real-world image dehazing","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2023.3256763","article-title":"Vision transformers for single image dehazing","volume":"32","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2023.3279980","article-title":"Single image dehazing using saturation line prior","volume":"32","author":"Ling","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0016","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"5802","article-title":"Image dehazing transformer with transmission-aware 3D position embedding","author":"Guo","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.110865","article-title":"A novel image dehazing algorithm for complex natural environments","volume":"157","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0018","first-page":"2623","article-title":"DSNet: joint semantic learning for object detection in inclement weather conditions","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2023.109947","article-title":"MCNet: magnitude consistency network for domain adaptive object detection under inclement environments","volume":"145","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(88)90019-3","article-title":"An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data","volume":"24","author":"Chavez","year":"1988","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9112\/28\/11\/025","article-title":"Optics of the atmosphere: scattering by molecules and particles","volume":"28","author":"McCartney","year":"1977","journal-title":"Phys. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3004556","article-title":"RSDehazeNet: dehazing network with channel refinement for multispectral remote sensing images","volume":"59","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106481","article-title":"Haze removal using deep convolutional neural network for Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-3A (KOMPSAT-3A) multispectral remote sensing imagery","volume":"123","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5895","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2293662","article-title":"Haze detection and removal in remotely sensed multispectral imagery","volume":"52","author":"Makarau","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2017.01.036","article-title":"Haze removal for a single visible remote sensing image","volume":"137","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/13682199.2017.1329792","article-title":"Dehazing of remote sensing images using improved restoration model based dark channel prior","volume":"65","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Imaging Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2015.2432466","article-title":"Haze removal for a single remote sensing image based on deformed haze imaging model","volume":"22","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10255","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3036972","article-title":"Landsat-8 OLI multispectral image dehazing based on optimized atmospheric scattering model","volume":"59","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.511058","article-title":"Multispectral image defogging based on a wavelength-dependent extinction coefficient model in fog","volume":"41","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2024.3521771","article-title":"Between\/within view information completing for tensorial incomplete multi-view clustering","volume":"27","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0031","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"7464","article-title":"YOLOv7: trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.003379","article-title":"The wavelength dependent model of extinction in fog and haze for free space optical communication","volume":"19","author":"Grabner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5028","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3011002","article-title":"A fast neighborhood grouping method for hyperspectral band selection","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dt.2025.04.006","article-title":"Semantic segmentation of camouflage objects via fusing reconstructed multispectral and RGB images","volume":"50","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Def. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0035","series-title":"Proceedings of the 37th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers (ACSSC)","first-page":"1398","article-title":"Multiscale structural similarity for image quality assessment","author":"Wang","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.859378","article-title":"Image information and visual quality","volume":"15","author":"Sheikh","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2109730","article-title":"FSIM: a feature similarity index for image quality assessment","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.3033402","article-title":"Image defogging quality assessment: real-world database and method","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0039","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"586","article-title":"The unreasonable effectiveness of deep features as a perceptual metric","author":"Zhang","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7266","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2025.3540089","article-title":"Focus more on what? Guiding multi-task training for end-to-end person search","volume":"35","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320326008605?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320326008605?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T15:59:14Z","timestamp":1783180754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031320326008605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0031320326008605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multispectral detection of camouflaged targets in foggy and complex scenes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pattern Recognition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.113895","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113895"}}