{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:51:17Z","timestamp":1782489077194,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20&ZD279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20&ZD279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62236011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62236011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62506395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62506395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:52:37Z","timestamp":1781797957000},"page":"114274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PC","title":["RGCA: Recognition-Guided Context-Aware Network for Manchu word inpainting"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Bi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b1","first-page":"143","article-title":"The current situation and future development path of publishing manchu ancient books in the new era","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Linyi Univ."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b2","first-page":"126","article-title":"Research and construction of the knowledge base of manchu ancient books","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Libr. Inf. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b3","series-title":"International Conference on Neural Information Processing","first-page":"267","article-title":"Amre: An attention-based crnn for manchu word recognition on a woodblock-printed dataset","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3652992","article-title":"Learn more manchu words with a new visual-language framework","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Asian Low-Resour. Lang. Inf. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b5","article-title":"SCC3: A novel structure-connected cognition cube network for manchu word recognition","author":"Bi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.3390\/sym17091408","article-title":"Research on multi-path feature fusion manchu recognition based on swin transformer","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531330","article-title":"PatchMatch: A randomized correspondence algorithm for structural image editing","volume":"28","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Pathak, P. Krahenbuhl, J. Donahue, T. Darrell, A.A. Efros, Context encoders: Feature learning by inpainting, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2016, pp. 2536\u20132544.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.278"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Nazeri, E. Ng, T. Joseph, F. Qureshi, M. Ebrahimi, Edgeconnect: Structure guided image inpainting using edge prediction, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, 2019.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00408"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Suvorov, E. Logacheva, A. Mashikhin, A. Remizova, A. Ashukha, A. Silvestrov, N. Kong, H. Goka, K. Park, V. Lempitsky, Resolution-robust large mask inpainting with fourier convolutions, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, 2022, pp. 2149\u20132159.","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV51458.2022.00323"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Q. Dong, C. Cao, Y. Fu, Incremental transformer structure enhanced image inpainting with masking positional encoding, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2022, pp. 11358\u201311368.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01107"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12667","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3280222","article-title":"Zits++: Image inpainting by improving the incremental transformer on structural priors","volume":"45","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b13","article-title":"Attention is all you need","volume":"30","author":"Vaswani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Li, Z. Lin, K. Zhou, L. Qi, Y. Wang, J. Jia, Mat: Mask-aware transformer for large hole image inpainting, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2022, pp. 10758\u201310768.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01049"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7649","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2024.3369897","article-title":"HINT: High-quality inpainting transformer with mask-aware encoding and enhanced attention","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Lugmayr, M. Danelljan, A. Romero, F. Yu, R. Timofte, L. Van Gool, Repaint: Inpainting using denoising diffusion probabilistic models, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2022, pp. 11461\u201311471.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01117"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-021-02218-y","article-title":"Generative character inpainting guided by structural information","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-023-00882-y","article-title":"EA-GAN: Restoration of text in ancient Chinese books based on an example attention generative adversarial network.","author":"Wenjun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Herit. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Li, C. Du, Z. Jiang, Y. Zhang, J. Ma, C. Ye, Towards automated Chinese ancient character restoration: A diffusion-based method with a new dataset, in: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 38, 2024, pp. 3073\u20133081.","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i4.28090"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/s40494-024-01329-8","article-title":"Incomplete handwritten dongba character image recognition by multiscale feature restoration","volume":"12","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Herit. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5166","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2022.3189245","article-title":"TSINIT: A two-stage inpainting network for incomplete text","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Zhu, P. Fang, C. Zhu, Z. Zhao, Q. Xu, H. Xue, Text image inpainting via global structure-guided diffusion models, in: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 38, 2024, pp. 7775\u20137783.","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v38i7.28612"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b23","first-page":"801","article-title":"Design and implementation of off-line handwritten document recognition system of manchu manuscript","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b24","first-page":"2347","article-title":"Off-line manchu character recognition based on multi-classifier ensemble with combination features","volume":"33","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Eng. Des."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b25","first-page":"43","article-title":"Manchu character segmentation and recognition method","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Discret. Math. Sci. Cryptogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b26","series-title":"2018 11th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics","first-page":"1","article-title":"Segmentation-free multi-font printed manchu word recognition using deep convolutional features and data augmentation","author":"Zheng","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b27","series-title":"2018 11th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics","first-page":"1","article-title":"Manchu word recognition based on convolutional neural network with spatial pyramid pooling","author":"Li","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b28","article-title":"OCR with the deep CNN model for ligature script-based languages like manchu","volume":"2021","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Program."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2646371","article-title":"An end-to-end trainable neural network for image-based sequence recognition and its application to scene text recognition","volume":"39","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-019-01222-x","article-title":"A deep learning framework for joint image restoration and recognition","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circuits Systems Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3071711","article-title":"Angular-driven feedback restoration networks for imperfect sketch recognition","volume":"30","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Liu, F.A. Reda, K.J. Shih, T.-C. Wang, A. Tao, B. Catanzaro, Image inpainting for irregular holes using partial convolutions, in: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV, 2018, pp. 85\u2013100.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01252-6_6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Zhang, P. Isola, A.A. Efros, E. Shechtman, O. Wang, The unreasonable effectiveness of deep features as a perceptual metric, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2018, pp. 586\u2013595.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00068"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7742","DOI":"10.3390\/app15147742","article-title":"Cascaded dual-inpainting network for scene text","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b35","series-title":"Svtr: Scene text recognition with a single visual model","author":"Du","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b36","series-title":"Linguistic more: Taking a further step toward efficient and accurate scene text recognition","author":"Zhang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.108261","article-title":"Multi-scale spatial pyramid attention mechanism for image recognition: An effective approach","volume":"133","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.111266","article-title":"Multi-scale hierarchical feature fusion network for change detection","volume":"161","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320326012392?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320326012392?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:21:10Z","timestamp":1782487270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031320326012392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0031320326012392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"RGCA: Recognition-Guided Context-Aware Network for Manchu word inpainting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pattern Recognition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2026.114274","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114274"}}