{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T20:14:39Z","timestamp":1778098479576,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physical Communication"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:43:30Z","timestamp":1774543410000},"page":"103092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Maximizing weighted sum rate in STAR-RIS assisted NOMA-backscatter networks via joint resource optimization"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3126-6209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amitesh","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7028-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Bhowmick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2618-1279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Dhar Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0765-5849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumit","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19303","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3391219","article-title":"NOMA-based backscatter communications: fundamentals, applications, and advancements","volume":"11","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0002","series-title":"A comprehensive survey on NOMA-Based backscatter communication for IoT applications","first-page":"18929","volume":"12","author":"Mondal","year":"2025"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007211","article-title":"Smart radio environments empowered by reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: how it works, state of research, and the road ahead","volume":"38","author":"Di Renzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900534","article-title":"Holographic MIMO surfaces for 6G wireless networks: opportunities, challenges, and trends","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2200125","article-title":"Opportunities for physical layer security in UAV communication enhanced with intelligent reflective surfaces","volume":"29","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2024.3415623","article-title":"Multi-ARIS backscatter enabled downlink NOMA communication for cognitive radio systems","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cognit. Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8035","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3422221","article-title":"Weighted sum rate maximization for RIS backscatter aided NOMA networks","volume":"72","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0008","series-title":"Outage performance of RIS-assisted amBC-NOMA cooperative V2I communications","first-page":"4371","volume":"5","author":"Samir","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0009","series-title":"Performance analysis of NOMA-enabled RIS-assisted backscatter communication","first-page":"18961","volume":"73","author":"Usman","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0010","series-title":"Principles, Applications, and Challenges of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enabled Backscatter Communication: A Comprehensive Survey and Outlook","author":"Han","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0011","series-title":"NOMA-based Ze-RIS empowered backscatter communication with energy-efficient resource management","first-page":"7193","volume":"73","author":"Asif","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0012","series-title":"STAR: simultaneous transmission and reflection for 360\u2218 coverage by intelligent surfaces","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4675","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3321395","article-title":"On the statistical channel distribution and effective capacity analysis of STAR-RIS-assisted BAC-NOMA systems","volume":"23","author":"Basharat","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0014","series-title":"International Conference on Industrial Networks and Intelligent Systems","first-page":"93","article-title":"Multi-user ambient backscatter communication-based and STAR-RIS-aided mobile edge computing network with uplink NOMA scheme: a joint design","author":"Ha","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0015","series-title":"A generalized STAR-RIS-empowered ambient backscatter short-packet communication systems with partial NOMA","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0016","series-title":"Transforming ISAC with STAR-RIS: design, challenges, and opportunities","author":"Umer","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0017","series-title":"2024 IEEE 35th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ergodic capacity analysis for a STAR-RIS-segmented symbiotic backscatter NOMA system","author":"Wen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4171","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3609296","article-title":"Resource allocation for STAR-RIS assisted NOMA-SR with hybrid active-passive communication","volume":"25","author":"Yuan","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3245659","article-title":"Physical-layer authentication for ambient backscatter-aided NOMA symbiotic systems","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2024.3432656","article-title":"STAR-RIS-Aided Covert communications in MISO-RSMA systems","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8419","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3528730","article-title":"Covert communications in active-IOS aided uplink NOMA systems with full-duplex receiver","volume":"74","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29529","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3570012","article-title":"The interplay of DMA and RIS for near-field integrated sensing and symbiotic radio systems","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8985","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2025.3570270","article-title":"Unlocking integrated wireless powered sensing and communication networks using reconfigurable intelligent surface","volume":"24","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0024","series-title":"Independent Component Analysis: A Tutorial Introduction","first-page":"119","article-title":"Gradient Ascent","author":"James","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0025","series-title":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","first-page":"1801","article-title":"Stability analysis of complex maximum likelihood ica using wirtinger calculus","author":"Hualiang","year":"2008"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2022.3175963","article-title":"RMOCG: A riemannian manifold optimization-based conjugate gradient method for phase-only beamforming synthesis","volume":"21","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092_bib0027","series-title":"Table of integrals, series, and products","author":"Gradshteyn","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Physical Communication"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1874490726001011?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1874490726001011?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T19:42:46Z","timestamp":1778096566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1874490726001011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S1874490726001011"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-4907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-4907","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Maximizing weighted sum rate in STAR-RIS assisted NOMA-backscatter networks via joint resource optimization","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physical Communication","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103092","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103092"}}