{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T19:59:51Z","timestamp":1780775991969,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physical Communication"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:59:13Z","timestamp":1779173953000},"page":"103177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Large language model enabled DRL for trajectory optimization and resource allocation in UAV-assisted emergency communication networks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9716-6260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengxin","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiadong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panfeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Joint task offloading and resource allocation in UAV-Assisted MEC networks for disaster rescue: a large AI model enabled DRL approach","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2025.103953","article-title":"Adaptive UAV deployment for enhanced connectivity in disaster-stricken emergency networks: a multi-objective approach","volume":"178","author":"Bilgehan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2025.104051","article-title":"Connection in the air: QoE-centric multi-hop transmission in UAV-assisted emergency communication system","volume":"180","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103004","article-title":"Joint optimization of resource and position for UAV secure two-way relay systems using reinforcement learning","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Phys. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3480996","article-title":"Low complexity and mobility-aware robust radio, storage, computing, and cost management for cellular vehicular networks","volume":"74","author":"Abedi","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2024.103488","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning based trajectory optimization for UAV-enabled IoT with SWIPT","volume":"159","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0007","article-title":"Energy-aware trajectory and resource management for NOMA-enabled MEC in UAV-based airborne maneuvering networks: a PPO-driven approach","author":"WANG","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chin. J. Aeronaut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2025.114253","article-title":"Large language model driven adaptive deep reinforcement learning with dynamic definition refinement for flexible job shop scheduling problem","volume":"186","author":"Hong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5295","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2026.3656296","article-title":"Service provisioning and path planning with obstacle avoidance for low-altitude wireless networks","volume":"12","author":"Wan","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0010","article-title":"Integrated navigation and online trajectory convex optimization algorithm with single-star observation for UAVs","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Aeronaut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13776","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2026.3672791","article-title":"Movable antenna empowered multi-UAV MIMO communications: joint macro-micro positioning and beamforming","volume":"25","author":"Wan","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.103.2100286","article-title":"Unmanned aerial vehicle swarm-enabled edge computing: potentials, promising technologies, and challenges","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2022.03.003","article-title":"Exploration in deep reinforcement learning: a survey","volume":"85","author":"Ladosz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15840","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3533584","article-title":"Multiobjective trajectory planning for UAV-Assisted IoT networks based on DRL approach","volume":"12","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2022.3186911","article-title":"AI-based mobility-aware energy efficient resource allocation and trajectory design for NFV enabled aerial networks","volume":"7","author":"Pourghasemian","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110882","article-title":"TD3-based trajectory optimization for energy consumption minimization in UAV-assisted MEC system","volume":"255","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2023.103371","article-title":"Task offloading and trajectory scheduling for UAV-enabled MEC networks: an MADRL algorithm with prioritized experience replay","volume":"154","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2633336","article-title":"Robust resource allocation to enhance physical layer security in systems with full-duplex receivers: active adversary","volume":"16","author":"Abedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2023.102013","article-title":"Intelligent resource allocation for transmission security on IRS-assisted spectrum sharing systems with OFDM","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2022.09.018","article-title":"Deep multi-agent reinforcement learning for resource allocation in NOMA-enabled MEC","volume":"196","author":"Waqar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113995","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3323931","article-title":"AI-assisted dynamic frame structure with intelligent puncturing schemes for 5G networks","volume":"11","author":"Abedi","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2023.103647","article-title":"Space-aerial-ground-sea integrated networks: resource optimization and challenges in 6G","volume":"215","author":"Sharif","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3478115","article-title":"Trajectory design and resource allocation for multi-UAV-assisted sensing, communication, and edge computing integration","volume":"73","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2024.102555","article-title":"Joint optimization trajectory and resource allocation for UAV-assisted semantic communications","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3216049","article-title":"Joint optimization of trajectory and user association via reinforcement learning for UAV-aided data collection in wireless networks","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/JMASS.2024.3420893","article-title":"MAHTD-DDPG-based multiobjective resource allocation for UAV-assisted wireless network","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE J. Miniaturization Air Space Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0027","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on intelligent network operations and performance optimization based on large language models","author":"Long","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0028","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trajectory design and beamforming in UAV-assisted wireless networks: a fine-tuned M2LLM-driven DRL-based framework","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61877","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3395457","article-title":"Sample trajectory selection method based on large language model in reinforcement learning","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2025.103572","article-title":"Learning packing-and-unpacking synergistic policy via LLM-guided DRL for robust online robotic packing","volume":"68","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inform."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MIOT.2025.3575886","article-title":"SwarmChain: collaborative LLM inference for UAV swarm control","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0032","series-title":"2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multi-UAV placement for integrated access and backhauling using LLM-driven optimization","author":"Wang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0033","series-title":"2025 17th International Conference on Advanced Computational Intelligence (ICACI)","first-page":"87","article-title":"Evolutionary reinforcement learning with LLM-based hyperparameter adaptation","author":"Chen","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5284","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/229381a0","article-title":"The statistics of crowd fluids","volume":"229","author":"Henderson","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0035","unstructured":"F. Vanni, D. Lambert, On the regularity of human mobility patterns at times of a pandemic, 2021. 2104.08975https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2104.08975."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2025.3603875","article-title":"Autonomous deployment of aerial base station without network-side assistance in emergency scenarios based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6808","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3092414","article-title":"Computation offloading and shunting scheme in wireless wireline internetwork","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0038","series-title":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Performance analysis for practical unmanned aerial vehicle networks with LoS\/NLos transmissions","author":"Liu","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2017.2752161","article-title":"3-D Placement of an unmanned aerial vehicle base station for maximum coverage of users with different QoS requirements","volume":"7","author":"Alzenad","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3382301","article-title":"Safety-aware age of information (S-AoI) for collision risk minimization in cell-free mMIMO platooning networks","volume":"21","author":"Abedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag."}],"container-title":["Physical Communication"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1874490726001862?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1874490726001862?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T19:24:09Z","timestamp":1780773849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1874490726001862"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S1874490726001862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-4907"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-4907","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Large language model enabled DRL for trajectory optimization and resource allocation in UAV-assisted emergency communication networks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Physical Communication","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phycom.2026.103177","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103177"}}