{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:31:13Z","timestamp":1777951873332,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Procedia Computer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T19:30:19Z","timestamp":1774035019000},"page":"905-914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["University Students\u2019 Perceptions of AI-Powered Language Learning: Improving English Proficiency"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"275","author":[{"given":"Abdallah Mohammad S.","family":"Almahasneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nesreen Bassam","family":"Fraid Fraihat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monther Mohammad","family":"Aljarrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelrazzaq","family":"Tahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina M.","family":"Sider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abraham, M., Arficho, Z., Habtemariam, T., & Demissie, A. (2022). Effects of information communication technology-assisted teaching training on English language teachers\u2019 pedagogical knowledge and English language proficiency. Cogent Education, 9(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2331186X.2022.2028336","DOI":"10.1080\/2331186X.2022.2028336"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aizawa, I., Rose, H., Thompson, G., & Curle, S. (2023). Beyond the threshold: Exploring English language proficiency, linguistic challenges, and academic language skills of Japanese students in an English medium instruction programme. Language Teaching Research, 27(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362168820965510","DOI":"10.1177\/1362168820965510"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almelhes, S. A. (2023). A Review of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Second-Language Learning. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 13(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17507\/tpls.1305.21","DOI":"10.17507\/tpls.1305.21"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enzelina, Y. N., Santosa, M. H., & Paramartha, A. A. G. Y. (2023). Exploring English Language Education Major University Lecturers\u2019 and Students\u2019 Perceptions of AI-Based Applications in Post-Pandemic Learning. SALEE: Study of Applied Linguistics and English Education, 4(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35961\/salee.v4i2.843","DOI":"10.35961\/salee.v4i2.843"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Idham, A. Z., Rauf, W., & Rajab, A. (2024). Navigating the Transformative Impact of Artificial Intelligence on English Language Teaching: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities. Jurnal Edukasi Saintifik, 4(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56185\/jes.v4i1.620","DOI":"10.56185\/jes.v4i1.620"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kohnke, L., Moorhouse, B. L., & Zou, D. (2023). Exploring generative artificial intelligence preparedness among university language instructors: A case study. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2023.100156"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib7","unstructured":"Lin, C. J., & Mubarok, H. (2021). Learning Analytics for Investigating the Mind Map-Guided AI Chatbot Approach in an EFL Flipped Speaking Classroom. Educational Technology and Society, 24(4)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mageira, K., Pittou, D., Papasalouros, A., Kotis, K., Zangogianni, P., & Daradoumis, A. (2022). Educational AI Chatbots for Content and Language Integrated Learning. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app12073239","DOI":"10.3390\/app12073239"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moulieswaran, N., & Kumar, P. N. S. (2023). Investigating ESL Learners\u2019 Perception and Problem towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) -Assisted English Language Learning and Teaching. World Journal of English Language, 13(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5430\/wjel.v13n5p290","DOI":"10.5430\/wjel.v13n5p290"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phan, T. N. Le. (2023). Students\u2019 Perceptions of the AI Technology Application in English Writing Classes. Proceedings of the AsiaCALL International Conference, 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54855\/paic.2344","DOI":"10.54855\/paic.2344"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richards, J. C. (2017). Teaching English through English: Proficiency, Pedagogy and Performance. RELC Journal, 48(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0033688217690059","DOI":"10.1177\/0033688217690059"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rusmiyanto, R., Huriati, N., Fitriani, N., Tyas, N. K., Rofi\u2019i, A., & Sari, M. N. (2023). The Role Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Developing English Language Learner\u2019s Communication Skills. Journal on Education, 6(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31004\/joe.v6i1.2990","DOI":"10.31004\/joe.v6i1.2990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salem Almahasneh, A. M., & Abdul-Hamid, S. (2019). The Effect of Using Peer Assessment Training on Writing Performance among Arab EFL High School Students in Malaysia. SSRN Electronic Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3367531","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3367531"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Son, J.-B., Ru\u017ei\u0107, N. K., & Philpott, A. (2025). Artificial intelligence technologies and applications for language learning and teaching. Journal of China Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 5(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jccall-2023-0015","DOI":"10.1515\/jccall-2023-0015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261955","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1261955","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in language instruction: impact on English learning achievement, L2 motivation, and self-regulated learning","volume":"14","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M. A., et al. (2025). Navigating the future of higher education in Saudi Arabia: Implementing AI, machine learning, and big data for sustainable university development. Discover Sustainability, 6(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43621-025-01388-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s43621-025-01388-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Adwan, S., Meet, R. K., Anand, S., Shukla, G. P., Alsharif, R., & Dabbaghia, M. (2024). Understanding continuous use intention of technology among higher education teachers in emerging economy: Evidence from integrated TAM, TPACK, and UTAUT model. Studies in Higher Education, 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03075079.2024.2343955","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2024.2343955"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riady, Y., Habibi, A., Mailizar, M., Alqahtani, T. M., Riady, H., & Al-Adwan, A. S. (2025). TAM and IS success model on digital library use, user satisfaction and net benefits: Indonesian open university context. Library Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/LM-06-2024-0065","DOI":"10.1108\/LM-06-2024-0065"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arunachalam, J., Jothi, S., Rathinasamy, S., Thanikodi, S., Tarawneh, B. K., Gurumoorthy, V., Johnson Santhosh, A., & Arul Gnana Dhas, A. (2025). Development and validation of ANN models for water absorption in sawdust and kenaf fiber-reinforced polystyrene composites. Engineering Reports, 7(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eng2.70393","DOI":"10.1002\/eng2.70393"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghazal, T. M., Hasan, M. K., Raju, K. N., Khan, M. A., Al-Shamayleh, A. S., Bhatt, M. W., & Ahmad, M. (2025). Data space privacy model with federated learning technique for securing IoT communications in autonomous marine vehicles. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 111(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10846-025-02298-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-025-02298-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrar, W., Mahmood, D., Al-Shamayleh, A. S., Ahmed, G. N., Alharthi, S. Z., & Akhundzada, A. (2025). Generative AI: A double-edged sword in the cyber threat landscape. Artificial Intelligence Review, 58(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-025-11285-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-025-11285-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redhaei, A. A., Fraihat, S., & Al Betar, M. A. (2025). A self-supervised BEiT model with a novel hierarchical patchReducer for efficient facial deepfake detection. Artificial Intelligence Review, 58(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-025-11286-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-025-11286-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghazal, T. M., Janjua, J. I., Abushiba, W., Ahmad, M., Ihsan, A., & Al-Dmour, N. A. (2024). Cybersecurity revolution via large language models and explainable AI. In 2024 17th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (SIN). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SIN63213.2024.10871324","DOI":"10.1109\/SIN63213.2024.10871324"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, Y., Isleem, H. F., Almoghaye, W. J. K., Hamed, A. K., Jangir, P. K., Jangir, A., Tejani, G. G., Ezugwu, A. E. S., & Soliman, A. A. (2025). Machine learning-based prediction of elliptical double steel columns under compression loading. Journal of Big Data, 12(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40537-025-01081-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-025-01081-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masango, N. C., Agushaka, J. O., Amaefule, M. C., Taiwo, O., Zhang, P., Ezugwu, A. E. S., Saleem, K., Smerat, A., & Abualigah, L. M. Q. (2025). Secure and efficient cloudlet networks: Blockchain integration with agent-based proof of trust mechanism. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2025(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13638-025-02439-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-025-02439-y"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Jaghoub, S. H., Al-Qora\u2019n, L. F., Al-Odat, A. M., & Alheet, A. F. (2025). Educators\u2019 perceptions on artificial intelligence in higher education: Insights from the Jordanian higher education. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 15(4), 716\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18178\/ijiet.2025.15.4.2278","DOI":"10.18178\/ijiet.2025.15.4.2278"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Lin, X., Kim, J., Al-Adwan, A. S., & Li, N. (2025). Exploring human interaction in online self-regulated learning through Danmaku comments. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2025.2480826","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2025.2480826"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashqar, H. I., AlHadidi, T. I., Elhenawy, M. M., & Khanfar, N. O. (2024). Leveraging multimodal large language models for enhanced object detection and scene understanding in thermal images for autonomous driving systems. Automation, 5(4), 508\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/automation5040029","DOI":"10.3390\/automation5040029"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elhenawy, M. M., Abutahoun, A., AlHadidi, T. I., Jaber, A., Ashqar, H. I., Jaradat, S., Abdelhay, A., Glaser, S., & Rakotonirainy, A. (2024). Visual reasoning and multi-agent approach in multimodal large language models: Solving TSP and mTSP combinatorial challenges. Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, 6(3), 1894\u20131920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/make6030093","DOI":"10.3390\/make6030093"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amin, E. B., Aldmour, R. H., Al-Dmour, H. H., & Al-Dmour, A. H. (2024). Technostress impact on educator productivity: Gender differences in Jordan\u2019s higher education. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 22(8), 60\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34190\/ejel.22.8.3608","DOI":"10.34190\/ejel.22.8.3608"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abualhaj, M. M., Abu-Shareha, A. A., Shambour, Q. Y., Al-Khatib, S. N., & Hiari, M. O. (2024). Tuning the K value in K-nearest neighbors for malware detection. IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 13(2), 2273\u20132280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11591\/ijai.v13.i2.pp2275-2282","DOI":"10.11591\/ijai.v13.i2.pp2275-2282"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alasadi, I., Manjula, S., Smerat, A., Govindu, K., Sivakumar, G., & Sahasranamam, V. (2025). Mathematically modified deep learning model assisted handwritten digit recognition for intelligent document processing systems. Journal of Machine and Computing, 5(4), 2661\u20132671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53759\/7669\/jmc202505204","DOI":"10.53759\/7669\/jmc202505204"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, M. I., Savitha, K., Smerat, A., Babu, K. S., Sivakumar, G., & Gracy Theresa, W. (2025). Multimodal deep learning model for measuring the impact of social media advertising using visual linguistic representation learning. Journal of Machine and Computing, 5(4), 2566\u20132573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53759\/7669\/jmc202505197","DOI":"10.53759\/7669\/jmc202505197"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farrukh, M., Soomro, T. R., Ghazal, T. M., Alzoubi, H. M., & Alshurideh, M. T. (2023). Perspectives of online education in Pakistan: Post-COVID scenario. Studies in Computational Intelligence (Vol. 1056, pp. 519\u2013550). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-12382-5_28","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-12382-5_28"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, H., Zhou, X., Zhang, J., Abualigah, L. M. Q., Yildiz, A. R., & Hussien, A. G. (2024). Modified crayfish optimization algorithm for solving multiple engineering application problems. Artificial Intelligence Review, 57(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-024-10738-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10738-x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sardar, R., Anees, T., Al-Shamayleh, A. S., Mehmood, E., Khalil, W., Akhundzada, A., & Shaikh, F. S. (2025). Challenges in detecting security threats in WoT: A systematic literature review. Artificial Intelligence Review, 58(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-025-11176-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-025-11176-z"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaradat, S., Acharya, N., Shivshankar, S., AlHadidi, T. I., & Elhenawy, M. (2025). AI for data quality auditing: Detecting mislabeled work zone crashes using large language models. Algorithms, 18(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/a18060317","DOI":"10.3390\/a18060317"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elhenawy, M. M., Ashqar, H. I., Rakotonirainy, A., AlHadidi, T. I., Jaber, A., & Tami, M. A. (2025). Vision-language models for autonomous driving: CLIP-based dynamic scene understanding. Electronics, 14(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/electronics14071282","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14071282"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elomda, B. M., Abdelbary, T. A. A., Hassan, H. A., Hamza, K. S., & Kharma, Q. (2025). An enhanced multi-layer blockchain security model for improved latency and scalability. Information, 16(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info16030241","DOI":"10.3390\/info16030241"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Matalka, M., Momani, H. R., Khasawneh, M. S., Khanfar, S., Al-Malahmeh, Z. A., Al-Qassem, A. H., Ramadan, A., Alzoubi, M. I., & Alfandi, A. M. (2025). The factors that affect electronic learning students\u2019 behavioural intentions in higher education tourism and hospitality disciplines. Data and Metadata, 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56294\/dm2025691","DOI":"10.56294\/dm2025691"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ud Din, S., Khusro, S., Khan, F. A., Ahmad, M., Ali, O. B., & Ghazal, T. M. (2025). An automatic approach for the identification of offensive language in Perso-Arabic Urdu language: Dataset creation and evaluation. IEEE Access, 13, 19755\u201319769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3534662","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3534662"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aldaaja, Y., Odeh, M. M., Badrakhan, S. S. E., Sabri, M. O., Abdelrahim, Y., Samara, G., & Alsabatin, H. (2025). Quantifying the managerial and practical benefits of cloud computing on information security in higher education institutions. Applied Mathematics and Information Sciences, 19(1), 15\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18576\/amis\/190102","DOI":"10.18576\/amis\/190102"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fauzi, M. A., Alias, U. N., Tan, C. N. L., Wider, W., Mukherjee, S., Al-Adwan, A. S., & Udang, L. N. (2025). The present and future trends of leadership styles and knowledge hiding through science mapping analysis. Journal of Information and Knowledge Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0219649225500406","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219649225500406"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasayreh, A. N., Al Mamlook, R. E., Samara, G., Gharaibeh, H., Aljaidi, M., Alzu\u2019Bi, D., Al-Daoud, E. F., & Abualigah, L. M. Q. (2024). Arabic sentiment analysis for ChatGPT using machine learning classification algorithms: A hyperparameter optimization technique. ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing, 23(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3638285","DOI":"10.1145\/3638285"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baniata, L. H., Kang, S., Alsharaiah, M. A., & Baniata, M. (2024). Advanced deep learning model for predicting the academic performance of students in educational institutions. Applied Sciences, 14(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app14051963","DOI":"10.3390\/app14051963"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adwan, A. A. (2024). Can companies in digital marketing benefit from artificial intelligence in content creation? International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(2), 797\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5267\/j.ijdns.2023.12.024","DOI":"10.5267\/j.ijdns.2023.12.024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammad, A. A. S., Al-Daoud, K. I., Al Oraini, B., Shelash, M. S. I., Vasudevan, A., Zhang, J., & Hunitie, M. F. A. (2024). Using digital twin technology to conduct dynamic simulation of industry-education integration. Data and Metadata, 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56294\/dm2024422","DOI":"10.56294\/dm2024422"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalifeh, A., Al-Khasawneh, M. H., Alrousan, M. K., Al-Adwan, A. S., Wahsheh, F. R., Omeish, F., & Ananzeh, H. (2024). The influence of students\u2019 self-control and smartphone e-learning readiness on smartphone-cyberloafing. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.28945\/5307","DOI":"10.28945\/5307"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlKasasbeh, W. J., & Amawi, A. T. (2024). Elevating physical education teachers through technology integration. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 18(2), 16\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3991\/ijim.v18i02.43669","DOI":"10.3991\/ijim.v18i02.43669"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2024.0150125","article-title":"Performance evaluation of machine learning classifiers for predicting denial-of-service attack in Internet of Things.","volume":"15","author":"Almomani","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications"}],"container-title":["Procedia Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877050926001043?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877050926001043?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:17:54Z","timestamp":1777893474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877050926001043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S1877050926001043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0509","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"University Students\u2019 Perceptions of AI-Powered Language Learning: Improving English Proficiency","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Procedia Computer Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2026.01.103","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}