{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T08:46:01Z","timestamp":1775810761542,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Procedia Computer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T07:17:59Z","timestamp":1774250279000},"page":"3606-3615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Venture Builders for Smart Manufacturing Tech Startups: A Comprehensive Literature Survey of an Emerging Trend"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"de Giorgio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Maffei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.01.004","article-title":"Industry 4.0 technologies: Implementation patterns in manufacturing companies","volume":"210","author":"Frank","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of production economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/017084069201300304","article-title":"Organizational size and innovation","volume":"13","author":"Damanpour","year":"1992","journal-title":"Organization studies"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3390\/jrfm13050097","article-title":"Innovation and firm performance: The moderating and mediating roles of firm size and small and medium enterprise finance","volume":"13","author":"Kijkasiwat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Risk and Financial Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Scheuplein, J. Kahl, Do company builders create jobs? examining the rise of incubation finance in germany (2017).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3075027"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib5","unstructured":"A. Szigeti, Anatomy of Startup Studios: A behind the Scenes Look at how successful Venture Builders operate, Publishdrive, 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib6","series-title":"The impact of learning factories on teaching lean principles in an assembly environment, in:International Conference on Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing","first-page":"271","author":"Monetti","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib7","unstructured":"M. Gonz\u00e1lez-Pi\u00f1ero, From a team of students to a self-sustaining studio: The experience of the gamebcn incubator bringing bachelor\/master final projects into the market, in: V Congreso Virtual Internacional de Educaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y TIC, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib8","unstructured":"Tracxn, Manufacturing tech sector (2025). URL https:\/\/tracxn.com\/d\/sectors\/manufacturing-tech\/ASR1TXt63dwVq7PlUxKEOjaMTGteKc077BtNedCN4xQ#about"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1525\/cmr.2015.57.2.66","article-title":"Engaging with startups to enhance corporate innovation","volume":"57","author":"Weiblen","year":"2015","journal-title":"California management review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.21511\/ppm.17(3).2019.18","article-title":"Exploring the benefits of corporate accelerators: investigating the sap industry 4.0 startup program","volume":"17","author":"Gutmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Problems and Perspectives in Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. A. Stanko, A. Rindfeisch, Digital manufacturing and innovation (2023).","DOI":"10.1111\/jpim.12686"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.14246\/irspsd.4.4_27","article-title":"The open innovation paradigm: From outsourcing to open-sourcing in shenzhen","volume":"4","author":"Fernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"china, International review for spatial planning and sustainable development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib13","unstructured":"J. P. Gavigan, P. F\u00e1k\u00f3, R. Compa\u00f1\u00f3, Corporate venture capital in the automotive sector, Tech. rep., JRC Working Papers on Corporate R&D and Innovation (CoRDI) (2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib14","unstructured":"S. Grande, B. A. RUFINO, L. Petit, R. D. BASILIO, et al., Deep tech entrepreneurship in europe and the crucial role of rtos fostering impactful industrial spin-offs (2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib15","series-title":"Venture building strategies: How universities\u2019 acceleration programs could improve based on this approach, in: International Conference on Production Research","first-page":"675","author":"de Alvarenga","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.30958\/ajbe.9-4-2","article-title":"Conceptualization of a cooperative company builder for systematic transfer of university research and innovation in the german mittelstand","volume":"9","author":"Str\u00f6bele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Athens journal of business & economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s41469-023-00144-y","article-title":"Designing a deep-tech venture builder to address grand challenges and overcome the valley of death","volume":"12","author":"Romme","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Organization Design"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib18","first-page":"34","article-title":"Business model generation for industry 4.0: a \u201clean startup\u201d","volume":"9","author":"Baloutsos","year":"2020","journal-title":"approach, The International Technology Management Review"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1177\/0954405419863220","article-title":"Shared factory: A new production node for social manufacturing in the context of sharing economy","volume":"234","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X231180648","article-title":"Plastic venture builder (pvb): An empirically derived assessment tool to support plastic waste management ventures in low-and middle-income countries","volume":"42","author":"Grassin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Waste Management & Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib21","unstructured":"F. Mittermeier, A. Hund, D. Beimborn, J. Frey, Y. Hildebrandt, Externalizing digital options thinking: How corporate venture builders generate opportunities to invest in digital innovation (2024)."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPDLM-02-2021-0055","article-title":"Startups in the supply chain ecosystem: an organizing framework and research opportunities","volume":"51","author":"Wagner","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib23","first-page":"82","article-title":"What do we know about corporate-startup engagement?","volume":"22","author":"Sbampato","year":"2025","journal-title":"a systematic review of the main modes of collaboration between corporations and startups, Innovation & Management Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/00036840410001674277","article-title":"Growth of new start-up firms: evidence from the japanese manufacturing industry","volume":"36","author":"Honjo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Applied Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Alegre, C. Donada, G. Nogatchewsky, Benefiting from structural ambidexterity through business model innovation at a fintech corporate startup studio, ESSEC Business School Research Paper (2025).","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5280438"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib26","unstructured":"J.-E. Hassel, Venture builders: Organizing strategic entrepreneurship support, Ph.D. thesis, Karlstad University (2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib27","unstructured":"I. Tariq, O. F. Gaare, The effect of accelerators and venture studios on startup performance, Master\u2019s thesis, BI Norwegian Business School (2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib28","unstructured":"M. Hamida, Understanding the startup studio incubation model, Master\u2019s thesis, University of Gothenburg (2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib29","unstructured":"M. C. R. Haffen Lamm, J. R. Peters, The startup studio: New phenomenon or rebranding of existing support?, Master\u2019s thesis, Lund University (2019)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib30","unstructured":"N. D. Mu\u00f1oz Abreu, Venture studios: Analyzing a new asset in the venture ecosystem, Master\u2019s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Startup genome report extra: Premature scaling","volume":"10","author":"Marmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Startup genome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib32","unstructured":"P. Mulder, Managing knowledge and expertise support in deep-tech venture building, Master\u2019s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib33","unstructured":"M. Li, The incubation of new knowledge in the inception of startups: A case study of a corporate venture building company, Master\u2019s thesis, Bangkok University (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib34","unstructured":"E. J. V. Ninove, An overview of startups belonging to industry 4.0: It solutions integration for the smart manufacturing, Master\u2019s thesis, Politecnico di Milano (2017)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib35","unstructured":"N. Freghieri, Le startup smart manufacturing: analisi di mercato e direzioni di sviluppo, Master\u2019s thesis, Politecnico di Milano (2014)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib36","unstructured":"S. J. Smits, Applying deep-tech venture building at a new location: A design science approach to develop an evidence-based framework to diversify ecosystems for deep-tech venture building, Master\u2019s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib37","unstructured":"S. Abadi, Identifying and engaging tech-providing stakeholders of deep tech venture builders, Master\u2019s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2024)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib38","unstructured":"R. Hohls, Corporate innovation-do corporate company builder have the potential to build viable business models outside their parent companies core business activities?, Master\u2019s thesis, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (Portugal) (2019)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib39","unstructured":"A. Vallero, Corporate venture building: un\u2019analisi esplorativa, Master\u2019s thesis, Politecnico di Torino (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib40","unstructured":"F. Springer, Decision factors of corporate venturing strategies build, Master\u2019s thesis, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (Portugal) (2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib41","unstructured":"F. Gaudio, A. Galli, Navigating corporate innovation: A comparative analysis of corporate venture capital and venture building in the open innovation paradigm, Master\u2019s thesis (2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib42","unstructured":"R. Hafner, M. A. Sabzevari, Insights from venture builders: Managing the collaborative development of ventures with corporates (2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib43","unstructured":"G. F. M. Raciti, L. Sanchini, Drivers and barriers affecting circular business models implementation by startups: an exploratory empirical analysis, Master\u2019s thesis, Politecnico di Milano (2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib44","unstructured":"M. Bengtsson, M. Wiklund, Development of kpis for innovation platforms: A case study of campx by volvo group, Master\u2019s thesis, Chalmers University of Technology (2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib45","unstructured":"J. N. P. Bastos, Emerging startup studios in portugal: organizational characteristics of portuguese startup studios, Master\u2019s thesis, Universidade Catolica Portuguesa (Portugal) (2019)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib46","unstructured":"F. Tisci, Evaluating the impact of startup studios on startup performances, Master\u2019s thesis, Politecnico di Torino (2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib47","unstructured":"B. van Rooij, Improving the performance environment of new deep-tech ventures: Design of evidence-based improvements in the performance environment of new deep-tech ventures, Master\u2019s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib48","series-title":"Servitization as a startup driver: a case study in a technology park, in: International Conference on Production and Operations Management Society","first-page":"957","author":"de Souza","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib49","unstructured":"J. Kuparinen, Venture studio: A framework for digital sustainability entrepreneurship, Master\u2019s thesis, University of Turku (2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib50","unstructured":"J. Jansens, Measurement and stimulation of psychological safety in high-performing teams within a venture builder, Master\u2019s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib51","unstructured":"J. H. H. Huelsenbeck, Practicing entrepreneurship: How different sources of learning and venture studio involvement influence the entrepreneurial learning of start-up founders, Ph.D. thesis, Nova School of Business and Economics (2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib52","unstructured":"R. van Scheijndel, Recruiting young talent in deep-tech venture building: design of an evidence-based framework to recruit young talent in new deep-tech venture team formation, Master\u2019s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib53","unstructured":"M. Meijer, Strategizing the ideation phase of the startup studio model, Master\u2019s thesis, Delft University of Technology (2019)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib54","unstructured":"R. van Beek, Assessing early-stage technologies for building deep-tech ventures, Master\u2019s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib55","unstructured":"J. Biert, Assessing technology for a deep tech venture builder, Master\u2019s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib56","unstructured":"R. van Andel, Challenge-based deep-tech venture building design of an evidence-based framework for venture building aimed at solving deep-tech innovation challenges, Master\u2019s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib57","unstructured":"J. Schutselaars, Communicating the value proposition of new deep-tech ventures to investors, Master\u2019s thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395_bib58","unstructured":"S. A. Romero Cristancho, How incubators and accelerators are working? evidence from spain, Master\u2019s thesis, Politecnico di Torino (2021)."}],"container-title":["Procedia Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877050926005168?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877050926005168?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:47:35Z","timestamp":1775807255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877050926005168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S1877050926005168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0509","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Venture Builders for Smart Manufacturing Tech Startups: A Comprehensive Literature Survey of an Emerging Trend","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Procedia Computer Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2026.02.395","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}