{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T12:01:13Z","timestamp":1775563273619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Procedia Computer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:39:40Z","timestamp":1774355980000},"page":"878-887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["From Passive Learning to Active Engagement: Investigating Gamified Enterprise System Training"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"Anine","family":"Branas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Moutaz","family":"Haddara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Langseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Haddara, J. Norveel, and M. Langseth, \"Enterprise Systems and Blockchain Technology: The Dormant Potentials,\" (in Engelsk), Procedia Computer Science, Vitenskapelig artikkel vol. 181, pp. 562-571, 2021, doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2021.01.203.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.01.203"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1108\/14637150910987928","article-title":"\"Understanding how project critical success factors affect organizational benefits from enterprise systems,\"","volume":"15","author":"Zhong Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Business Process Management Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.11.015","article-title":"\"Gamification of enterprise systems: A lifecycle approach,\"","volume":"121","author":"El-Telbany","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia computer science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.12.018","article-title":"\"Design and evaluation of a gamified system for ERP training,\"","volume":"58","author":"Alcivar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.11.111","article-title":"\"User resistance in ERP implementations: A literature review,\"","volume":"121","author":"Haddara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2024.2414356","article-title":"\"How does gamification affect learning effectiveness? The mediating roles of engagement, satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation,\"","volume":"33","author":"Nguyen-Viet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.12.102","article-title":"\"An experimental study on the effects of gamification on task performance,\"","volume":"196","author":"Hosseini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.-Z. Legaki, N. Xi, J. Hamari, K. Karpouzis, and V. Assimakopoulos, \"The effect of challenge-based gamification on learning: An experiment in the context of statistics education,\" International journal of human-computer studies, vol. 144, p. 102496, 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2020.102496"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. F.-H. Nah, B. Eschenbrenner, C. C. Claybaugh, and P. B. Koob, \"Gamification of enterprise systems,\" Systems, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 13, 2019.","DOI":"10.3390\/systems7010013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/ijtd.12124","article-title":"\"Gamification of employee training and development,\"","volume":"22","author":"Armstrong","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Training and Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-020-09487-x","article-title":"\"Gamification applications in E-learning: A literature review,\"","volume":"27","author":"Saleem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technology, Knowledge and Learning"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2015.03.006","article-title":"\"Is it all a game? Understanding the principles of gamification,\"","volume":"58","author":"Robson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Business horizons"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/dsji.12240","article-title":"\"Effect of team cohesion on flow: An empirical study of team\u2010based gamification for enterprise resource planning systems in online classes,\"","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2013.07.004","article-title":"\"User expertise in contemporary information systems: Conceptualization, measurement and application,\"","volume":"50","author":"Sedera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1108\/17410380710743798","article-title":"\"Critical success factors for implementing ERP: the case of a Chinese electronics manufacturer,\"","volume":"18","author":"Seng Woo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of manufacturing technology management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib16","unstructured":"F. D. Davis, \"Technology acceptance model: TAM,\" Al-Suqri, MN, Al-Aufi, AS: Information Seeking Behavior and Technology Adoption, vol. 205, no. 219, p. 5, 1989."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. Venkatesh, M. G. Morris, G. B. Davis, and F. D. Davis, \"User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view,\" MIS quarterly, pp. 425-478, 2003.","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878118774385","article-title":"\"Gamification science, its history and future: Definitions and a research agenda,\"","volume":"49","author":"Landers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Simulation & Gaming"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2014.09.006","article-title":"\"Gamification in theory and action: A survey,\"","volume":"74","author":"Seaborn","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of human-computer studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijme.2017.01.004","article-title":"\"Impact of an ERP simulation game on online learning,\"","volume":"15","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"The International Journal of Management Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib21","series-title":"\"Gamification in enterprise systems: a literature review,\" in Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2019: Volume 2","first-page":"552","author":"Hosseini","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.023","article-title":"\"Interactivia. ro\u2013A study of a gamification framework using zero-cost tools,\"","volume":"61","author":"Maican","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib23","unstructured":"E. Adeborna, F. Nah, and L. F. Motiwalla, \"Gamification in ERP systems: A study on intrinsic motivation and user behavioral intentions,\" 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Bai, K. F. Hew, and B. Huang, \"Does gamification improve student learning outcome? Evidence from a meta-analysis and synthesis of qualitative data in educational contexts,\" Educational research review, vol. 30, p. 100322, 2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2020.100322"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib25","series-title":"\"Gamification and learning performance: A systematic review of the literature,\" in 11th European Conference on Game-Based Learning (ECGBL)","first-page":"515","author":"Ortiz Rojas","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Sepehr and M. Head, \"Competition as an element of gamification for learning: an exploratory longitudinal investigation,\" in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Gameful Design, Research, and Applications, 2013, pp. 2-9.","DOI":"10.1145\/2583008.2583009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Tuli, \"The basis of distinction between qualitative and quantitative research in social science: Reflection on ontological, epistemological and methodological perspectives,\" Ethiopian journal of education and sciences, vol. 6, no. 1, 2010.","DOI":"10.4314\/ejesc.v6i1.65384"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5430\/ijhe.v6n5p26","article-title":"\"Understanding and applying research paradigms in educational contexts,\"","volume":"6","author":"Kivunja","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of higher education"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib29","first-page":"359","article-title":"\"Designing case studies,\"","volume":"5","author":"Yin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Qualitative research methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.2307\/258557","article-title":"\"Building theories from case study research,\"","volume":"14","author":"Eisenhardt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Academy of management review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib31","unstructured":"J. Gustafsson, \"Single case studies vs. multiple case studies: A comparative study,\" ed, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2015.12.003","article-title":"\"Student engagement as a function of environmental complexity in high school classrooms,\"","volume":"43","author":"Shernoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Agarwal and E. Karahanna, \"Time flies when you\u2019re having fun: Cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage,\" MIS quarterly, pp. 665-694, 2000.","DOI":"10.2307\/3250951"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2016.0630","article-title":"\"Research Note\u2014Gamification of technology-mediated training: Not all competitions are the same,\"","volume":"27","author":"Santhanam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information systems research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1002\/job.322","article-title":"\"Self\u2010determination theory and work motivation,\"","volume":"26","author":"Gagn\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib36","series-title":"\"Are we having fun yet? Misapplying motivation to gamification,\" in 2018 IEEE Games, Entertainment, Media Conference (GEM)","first-page":"1","author":"Loughrey","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-013-0334-1","article-title":"\"Development of an instrument for measuring different types of cognitive load,\"","volume":"45","author":"Leppink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavior research methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-6566(85)90023-6","article-title":"\"The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality,\"","volume":"19","author":"Deci","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of research in personality"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-023-10337-7","article-title":"\"Gamification enhances student intrinsic motivation, perceptions of autonomy and relatedness, but minimal impact on competency: a meta-analysis and systematic review,\"","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Educational technology research and development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1108\/JKM-10-2016-0429","article-title":"\"How gamification of an enterprise collaboration system increases knowledge contribution: an affordance approach,\"","volume":"21","author":"Suh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib41","series-title":"\"Gamification in enterprise systems: a literature review,\" in Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference","first-page":"552","author":"Hosseini","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.18785\/jetde.1803.03","article-title":"\"Gamification in Education: Its Impact on Engagement, Motivation, and Learning Outcomes,\"","volume":"18","author":"Ukgoda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Sanmugam, \"Effects of Gamification on Student Achievement in Learning: A Comparative Analysis of Pre-and Post-Test Outcomes for Secondary Students in Johor, Malaysia,\" in Integrating Technology in Problem-Solving Educational Practices: IGI Global, 2025, pp. 79-92.","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-6745-2.ch004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Krath, L. Sch\u00fcrmann, and H. F. Von Korflesch, \"Revealing the theoretical basis of gamification: A systematic review and analysis of theory in research on gamification, serious games and game-based learning,\" Computers in human behavior, vol. 125, p. 106963, 2021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106963"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. C. Adams, \"Conducting semi\u2010structured interviews,\" Handbook of practical program evaluation, pp. 492-505, 2015.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119171386.ch19"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"\"Using thematic analysis in psychology,\"","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitative research in psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/1476127012452821","article-title":"\"Qualitative data: Cooking without a recipe,\"","volume":"10","author":"Graebner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Strategic Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib48","unstructured":"J. Saldana, Fundamentals of qualitative research. Oxford university press, 2011."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732303013006008","article-title":"\"Within-case and across-case approaches to qualitative data analysis,\"","volume":"13","author":"Ayres","year":"2003","journal-title":"Qualitative health research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib50","unstructured":"A. Bryman, Social research methods. Oxford university press, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib51","unstructured":"A. B. Starman, \"The case study as a type of qualitative research,\" Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies\/Sodobna Pedagogika, vol. 64, no. 1, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib52","unstructured":"D. A. Kolb, Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press, 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib53","unstructured":"R. C. Clark, F. Nguyen, and J. Sweller, Efficiency in learning: Evidence-based guidelines to manage cognitive load. John Wiley & Sons, 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. M. Murre and J. Dros, \"Replication and analysis of Ebbinghaus\u2019 forgetting curve,\" PloS one, vol. 10, no. 7, p. e0120644, 2015.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120644"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2006.12.002","article-title":"\"Information repetition in evaluative judgments: Easy to monitor, hard to control,\"","volume":"103","author":"Unkelbach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-007-9053-4","article-title":"\"A reconsideration of cognitive load theory,\"","volume":"19","author":"Schnotz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Educational psychology review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib57","first-page":"39","article-title":"\"The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes,\" in Advances in experimental social psychology, vol","author":"Deci","year":"1980","journal-title":"13: Elsevier"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib58","unstructured":"M. Csikszentmihalyi and M. Csikzentmihaly, Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper & Row New York, 1990."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1080\/14703297.2016.1250662","article-title":"\"Gamification design: A comparison of four m-learning courses,\"","volume":"55","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Innovations in Education and Teaching International"}],"container-title":["Procedia Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187705092600654X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187705092600654X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:15:19Z","timestamp":1775560519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187705092600654X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S187705092600654X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0509","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"From Passive Learning to Active Engagement: Investigating Gamified Enterprise System Training","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Procedia Computer Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.062","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}