{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T12:05:13Z","timestamp":1775563513278,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":64,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Procedia Computer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:39:40Z","timestamp":1774355980000},"page":"1103-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Improving physical activity: Just-In-Time-Adaptive-Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"Keld","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.681","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis","volume":"301","author":"Kodama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319850718","article-title":"The association of resistance training with mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Saeidifard","year":"2019","journal-title":"European journal of preventive cardiology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105061","article-title":"Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"56","author":"Momma","year":"2022","journal-title":"British journal of sports medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.03.020","article-title":"Resistance training and mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Shailendra","year":"2022","journal-title":"American journal of preventive medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.6309","article-title":"Association of fitness in young adulthood with survival and cardiovascular risk: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"176","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA internal medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604917","article-title":"Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Wolin","year":"2009","journal-title":"British journal of cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E78","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd17.190408","article-title":"Relationship between muscle-strengthening activity and cause-specific mortality in a large US cohort","volume":"17","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preventing chronic disease"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e31825dabb8","article-title":"Resistance training is medicine: effects of strength training on health","volume":"11","author":"Westcott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current sports medicine reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0056-z","article-title":"Physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose\u2013response meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Aune","year":"2015","journal-title":"European journal of epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096587","article-title":"Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Northey","year":"2018","journal-title":"British journal of sports medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015950108","article-title":"Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory","volume":"108","author":"Erickson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the national academy of sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0572","article-title":"Association of efficacy of resistance exercise training with depressive symptoms: meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"75","author":"Gordon","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0092-x","article-title":"Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders","volume":"116","author":"Str\u00f6hle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of neural transmission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0863-z","article-title":"Benefits of resistance training in physically frail elderly: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging clinical and experimental research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01331-7","article-title":"Effects of resistance training on muscle size and strength in very elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"50","author":"Grgic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520240037038","article-title":"Effects of high-intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"272","author":"Nelson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020874","article-title":"A review on aging, sarcopenia, falls, and resistance training in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"19","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2022","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12581","article-title":"Exercise as medicine\u2013evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases","volume":"25","author":"Pedersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2012.tb00425.x","article-title":"Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases","volume":"2","author":"Booth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comprehensive physiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-016-9830-8","article-title":"Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) in Mobile Health: Key Components and Design Principles for Ongoing Health Behavior Support","volume":"52","author":"Nahum-Shani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35268","DOI":"10.2196\/35268","article-title":"Just-in-time prompts for running, walking, and performing strength exercises in the built environment: 4-week randomized feasibility study","volume":"6","author":"Sporrel","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR formative research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0001117","article-title":"Person-specific dose-finding for a digital messaging intervention to promote physical activity","volume":"40","author":"Hojjatinia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","article-title":"Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach","volume":"18","author":"Munn","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC medical research methodology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-019-0792-7","article-title":"A systematic review of just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) to promote physical activity","volume":"16","author":"Hardeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12766","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12766","article-title":"Personalized interventions for behaviour change: A scoping review of just\u2010in\u2010time adaptive interventions","volume":"30","author":"Hsu","year":"2025","journal-title":"British Journal of Health Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6059","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18116059","article-title":"Reinforcement learning to send reminders at right moments in smartphone exercise application: A feasibility study","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34662","DOI":"10.2196\/34662","article-title":"A personalized smartphone-delivered just-in-time adaptive intervention (JitaBug) to increase physical activity in older adults: mixed methods feasibility study","volume":"6","author":"Mair","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR formative research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e030807","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030807","article-title":"Acceptability of a Text Message\u2010Based Mobile Health Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in Cardiac Rehabilitation Enrollees: A Qualitative Substudy of Participant Perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Atluri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the American Heart Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55722","DOI":"10.2196\/55722","article-title":"Applying meaning and self-determination theory to the development of a web-based mHealth physical activity intervention: proof-of-concept pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Hooker","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60171","DOI":"10.2196\/60171","article-title":"Design of a Temporally Augmented Text Messaging Bot to Improve Adolescents\u2019 Physical Activity and Engagement: Proof-of-Concept Study","volume":"8","author":"Ortega","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33929","DOI":"10.2196\/33929","article-title":"A web-based mHealth intervention with telephone support to increase physical activity among pregnant patients with overweight or obesity: feasibility randomized controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR formative research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ismail, T. and D. Al Thani, Design and evaluation of a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention (JITAI) to reduce sedentary behavior at work: experimental study. JMIR Form Res. 2022; 6 (1): e34309.","DOI":"10.2196\/34309"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0223762","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223762","article-title":"Mobile health-based physical activity intervention for individuals with spinal cord injury in the community: A pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Hiremath","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kay067","article-title":"Efficacy of contextually tailored suggestions for physical activity: a micro-randomized optimization trial of HeartSteps","volume":"53","author":"Klasnja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51201","DOI":"10.2196\/51201","article-title":"An mHealth Intervention Promoting Physical Activity and Healthy Eating in a Family Setting (SMARTFAMILY): Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"12","author":"Wunsch","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1037\/spy0000311","article-title":"A just-in-time adaptive intervention to enhance physical activity in the SMARTFAMILY2. 0 trial","volume":"12","author":"Fiedler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3369805","article-title":"Exploring the state-of-receptivity for mHealth interventions","volume":"3","author":"K\u00fcnzler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3463492","article-title":"Detecting receptivity for mHealth interventions in the natural environment","volume":"5","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on interactive, mobile, wearable and ubiquitous technologies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00921-9","article-title":"A randomized trial of a mobile health intervention to augment cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"6","author":"Golbus","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Digital Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nahum-Shani, I., E.B. Hekler, and D. Spruijt-Metz, Building health behavior models to guide the development of just-in-time adaptive interventions: A pragmatic framework. Health Psychol, 2015. 34S(0): p. 1209-19.","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000306"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031210-101141","article-title":"Ecological models revisited: their uses and evolution in health promotion over two decades","volume":"32","author":"Richard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annual review of public health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024509","article-title":"Mechanisms of health behavior change in persons with chronic illness or disability: the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)","volume":"56","author":"Schwarzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000252","article-title":"The theory of effort minimization in physical activity","volume":"49","author":"Cheval","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691615623247","article-title":"Situational strategies for self-control","volume":"11","author":"Duckworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-42","article-title":"The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions","volume":"6","author":"Michie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01","article-title":"The\" what\" and\" why\" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior","volume":"11","author":"Deci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological inquiry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945902250032","article-title":"Identity shifts as turning points in health behavior change","volume":"25","author":"Kearney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Western Journal of Nursing Research"}],"container-title":["Procedia Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877050926006848?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877050926006848?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:24:15Z","timestamp":1775561055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877050926006848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S1877050926006848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0509","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Improving physical activity: Just-In-Time-Adaptive-Interventions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Procedia Computer Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2026.03.089","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}