{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T06:28:25Z","timestamp":1783405705690,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,18]],"date-time":"2027-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1802908800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":140,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1946093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1946093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T16:27:09Z","timestamp":1771086429000},"page":"112411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Resilience assessment of electrical distribution networks subject to wind and self-induced fire hazards"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"274","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9277-6281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0565-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.S.","family":"Harvey Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9093-5114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. M I","family":"Kays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9901-0820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.","family":"Panchalogaranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0438-7527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.S.","family":"Moses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5571-6741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.M.","family":"Sadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s44287-025-00150-0","article-title":"Wildfire and power grid nexus in a changing climate","volume":"2","author":"Vahedi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Electr Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2025.04.035","article-title":"An integrated framework to improve the resiliency of electricity distribution systems exposed to wildfires","volume":"326","author":"Ganguly","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0003","series-title":"ASCE inspire 2023","first-page":"191","article-title":"Hazard mapping and analysis of wildfires: an Oklahoma case study","author":"Campos","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-024-06824-6","article-title":"The 2023 Oklahoma wildfire outbreak: a case study in meteorological conditions, wildfire hazard, and community resilience","volume":"121","author":"Campos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2025.104457","article-title":"Early season wildfires pose the highest threat to buildings and people in Sweden","volume":"156","author":"Vermina Plathner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fire Saf J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0006","unstructured":"McDermott J., Condon B., Biesecker M.. Bare electrical wire, leaning utility poles seen as possible cause of deadly Maui fires. 2023. PBS News, NewsHour Productions. Available at https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/nation\/bare-electrical-wire-leaning-utility-poles-seen-as-possible-cause-of-deadly-maui-fires."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0007","unstructured":"Carver J.L.. A committee finds a decayed and broken utility pole caused the largest wildfire in texas history. 2024. AP News. Available at https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/wildfires-texas-panhandle-smokehouse-fb5c7a80e1739e8b79536aa2920c1898."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0008","unstructured":"Noel K.. Fallen powerline in medicine park causes grass fire. 2025. KSWO. Available at https:\/\/www.kswo.com\/2025\/03\/14\/fallen-powerline-medicine-park-causes-grass-fire\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0009","unstructured":"Guthrie News Page. Simpson fire update: power lines possible cause for devasting fire. 2023. Available at https:\/\/www.koco.com\/article\/oklahoma-intense-winds-cause-power-poles-spark-new-fires\/64236184."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2025.105423","article-title":"Wildland fire smoke exposure disparities by wildland urban interface category and land ownership","volume":"263","author":"Jung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.06.016","article-title":"Electrically caused wildfires in Victoria, Australia are over-represented when fire danger is elevated","volume":"167","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-024-01291-0","article-title":"Wildfire risk for global wildland-urban interface areas","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Sustainability"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1071\/WF15083","article-title":"Climate change presents increased potential for very large fires in the contiguous United States","volume":"24","author":"Barbero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Wildland Fire"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0014","article-title":"Improving fire resistance of data monitoring equipment in wildland and wildland-urban interface fires","author":"Filkov","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Saf Sci Resilience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s41885-024-00146-4","article-title":"United states electric utility adaptation to natural hazards and green power mandates","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Econ Disasters Clim Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1193\/1.1623497","article-title":"A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities","volume":"19","author":"Bruneau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Earthquake Spectra"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/23789689.2017.1418547","article-title":"State of the research in community resilience: progress and challenges","volume":"5","author":"Koliou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainable Resilient Infrast"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2023.3252592","article-title":"Case study of a severe ice storm impacting distribution networks in Oklahoma","volume":"72","author":"Panchalogaranjan","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4034223","article-title":"Engineering resilience quantification and system design implications: a literature survey","volume":"138","author":"Yodo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mech Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2018.03.015","article-title":"A multi-hazard approach to assess severe weather-induced major power outage risks in the U.S","volume":"175","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1080\/15732479.2018.1459741","article-title":"A probabilistic framework for multi-hazard risk mitigation for electric power transmission systems subjected to seismic and hurricane hazards","volume":"14","author":"Salman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Struct Infrastruct Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s13753-019-0219-8","article-title":"Framework for measuring the resilience of utility poles of an electric power distribution network","volume":"10","author":"Alam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2022.108964","article-title":"Resilience assessment and enhancement evaluation of power distribution systems subjected to ice storms","volume":"230","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2021.3050973","article-title":"Reclosing of distribution systems for wildfire prevention","volume":"36","author":"Davoudi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Delivery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2022.3188300","article-title":"Quantifying the risk of wildfire ignition by power lines under extreme weather conditions","volume":"17","author":"Bayani","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.61424\/rjbe.v3i1.448","article-title":"Wildfire risk to electric transmission &; distribution assets: a comprehensive analysis of vulnerability, mitigation, and resilience strategies","volume":"3","author":"Aniebonam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res J Bus Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61577","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3074477","article-title":"Three lines of defense for wildfire risk management in electric power grids: a review","volume":"9","author":"Arab","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173047","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3498036","article-title":"Wildfire impacts on security of electric power systems: a survey of risk identification and mitigation approaches","volume":"12","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5065","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2025.3602849","article-title":"Safe deep reinforcement learning for resilient self-proactive distribution grids against wildfires","volume":"16","author":"Shalaby","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2025.110842","article-title":"Balancing line hardening, distributed generation and de-energization for wildfire risk mitigation with microgrid formation","volume":"170","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Electr Power Energy Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2022.120536","article-title":"Resiliency-oriented operation of distribution networks under unexpected wildfires using multi-horizon information-gap decision theory","volume":"334","author":"Izadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2025.01.047","article-title":"Study on power system resilience assessment considering cascading failures during wildfire disasters","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Rep"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app152413072","article-title":"Probabilistic resilience enhancement of active distribution networks against wildfires using hybrid energy storage systems","volume":"15","author":"Aslam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/challe16010013","article-title":"Systemic drivers of electric-grid-caused catastrophic wildfires: implications for resilience in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Eagleston","year":"2025","journal-title":"Challenges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0035","series-title":"2023\u202fIEEE Power & energy society general meeting (PESGM)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unbalanced distribution system expansion planning under wildfire risk","author":"Bertoletti","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6522","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2024.3353593","article-title":"Distribution system operation amidst wildfire-prone climate conditions under decision-dependent line availability uncertainty","volume":"39","author":"Moreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0037","series-title":"2023 North American power symposium (NAPS)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Equitable operational resilience of power distribution grids in the face of progressive wildfires","author":"Salimi","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109588","article-title":"Evaluating the resilience of electrical power line outages caused by wildfires","volume":"240","author":"Sayarshad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2023.109353","article-title":"Preignition risk mitigation model for analysis of wildfires caused by electrical power conductors","volume":"153","author":"Sayarshad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Electr Power Energy Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0040","unstructured":"Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory. Missoula fire lab command line applications. 2024. https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/firelab\/products\/dataandtools\/farsite."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0041","series-title":"NCAR Technical Note","article-title":"A description of the advanced research WRF model version 4","author":"Skamarock","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112144","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3439724","article-title":"A wildfire progression simulation and risk-rating methodology for power grid infrastructure","volume":"12","author":"Sohrabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0043","series-title":"2025\u202fIEEE PES Grid edge technologies conference & exposition (grid edge)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk assessment of transmission lines against grid-ignited wildfires","author":"Nematshahi","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2025.105939","article-title":"Fire hazards induced by power distribution networks: modeling and mapping","volume":"132","author":"Campos","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0045","unstructured":"ASCE. Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures (ASCE\/SEI 7\u201316). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE); 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0046","unstructured":"American national standards institute. ANSI O5.1\u20132017, Wood Poles: Specifications and Dimensions. Birmingham, AL: American Wood Protection Association (AWPA); 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2013.2281265","article-title":"Age-dependent fragility models of utility wood poles in power distribution networks against extreme wind hazards","volume":"29","author":"Shafieezadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Delivery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0048","series-title":"FARSITE: fire area simulator-model development and evaluation","author":"Finney","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0049","article-title":"Translating risk narratives in socio-technical systems into infrastructure utilization metrics during compounding hazard events","volume":"30","author":"Kays","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transp Res Interdiscip Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0050","unstructured":"USGS. Landfire 2020 elevation, slope, aspect, and fuel characteristics. Online; 2020. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) EROS Landfire Product Service; https:\/\/landfire.gov."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2023.3298769","article-title":"Parameterized wildfire fragility functions for overhead power line conductors","volume":"39","author":"Nazemi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0052","unstructured":"Doss D.. Primer on ACSS\/TW overhead conductor. Renewable Energy World; 2002. https:\/\/www.renewableenergyworld.com\/power-grid\/transmission\/primer-on-acss-tw-overhead-conductor\/#gref."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.strusafe.2014.01.001","article-title":"Multi-dimensional hurricane resilience assessment of electric power systems","volume":"48","author":"Ouyang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Struct Saf"}],"container-title":["Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026002279?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026002279?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:07:26Z","timestamp":1778778446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0951832026002279"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0951832026002279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-8320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-8320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Resilience assessment of electrical distribution networks subject to wind and self-induced fire hazards","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112411","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112411"}}