{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T16:04:17Z","timestamp":1780934657709,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62202394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62202394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72101027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72101027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72394372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72394372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reliability Engineering & System Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T15:43:18Z","timestamp":1774885398000},"page":"112662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Competing failure modeling and analysis for phased mission systems with random failure isolation time"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"275","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9907-9406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0331-6193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1606-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liudong","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2587-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guixiang","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109086","article-title":"Reliability analysis of a BWR plant system at startup stage-analysis by the GO-FLOW methodology with consideration of loop structures and phased mission problem","volume":"233","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.2234","article-title":"A hierarchical combinatorial reliability model for smart home systems","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Reliab Eng Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2018.03.031","article-title":"Probabilistic competing failure analysis in phased-mission systems","volume":"176","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.1977.5215072","article-title":"Phased mission analysis: a review of new developments and an application","volume":"26","author":"Burdick","year":"1977","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0005","series-title":"Proc. International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering","first-page":"148","article-title":"Competing failure modeling and analysis of phased-mission unmanned aerial vehicles","author":"Wang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55817","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2912306","article-title":"LSAR: multi-UAV collaboration for search and rescue missions","volume":"7","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2015.06.005","article-title":"Combinatorial analysis of body sensor networks subject to probabilistic competing failures","volume":"142","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3218491","article-title":"Reliability theory and practice for unmanned aerial vehicles","volume":"10","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.2898","article-title":"Reliability modeling for multistage systems subject to competing failure processes","volume":"37","author":"Lyu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual Reliab Eng Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3018687","article-title":"Cascading failures in internet of things: review and perspectives on reliability and resilience","volume":"8","author":"Xing","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2012.29","article-title":"Modeling and restraining mobile virus propagation","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mob Comput"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2011.06.021","article-title":"Performance and reliability of electrical power grids under cascading failures","volume":"33","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Electr Power Energy Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0951-8320(94)90019-1","article-title":"Computerized systems for on-line management of failures: a state-of-the-art discussion of alarm systems and diagnostic systems applied in the nuclear industry","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6704","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2993216","article-title":"Reliability in internet of things: current status and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109174","article-title":"Mission performance analysis of phased-mission systems with cross-phase competing failures","volume":"234","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2021.107796","article-title":"A Markov regenerative process model for phased mission systems under internal degradation and external shocks","volume":"215","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2021.108285","article-title":"Reliability modeling and configuration optimization of a photovoltaic based electric power generation system","volume":"220","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2019.106786","article-title":"An extended object-oriented petri net model for mission reliability evaluation of phased-mission system with time redundancy","volume":"197","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2013.08.005","article-title":"Reliability evaluation of generalized phased-mission systems with repairable components","volume":"121","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2018.03.008","article-title":"Reliability analysis of phased mission system with non-exponential and partially repairable components","volume":"175","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2019.106774","article-title":"Reliability analysis of PMS with failure mechanism accumulation rules and a hierarchical method","volume":"197","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2013.07.013","article-title":"Reliability of demand-based phased-mission systems subject to fault level coverage","volume":"121","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.04.038","article-title":"Mission success evaluation of repairable phased mission systems with spare parts","volume":"132","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112353","article-title":"Reliability modelling and assessment of PMSs considering failure coupling effect between missions","volume":"273","author":"Guo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2024.110678","article-title":"A decision diagram method for phased-mission systems with probabilistic cascading failures","volume":"256","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.2639","article-title":"A new combinatorial model for deterministic competing failure analysis","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Qual Reliab Eng Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2017.02.006","article-title":"Competing failure analysis in phased-mission systems with multiple functional dependence groups","volume":"164","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.2513","article-title":"Competing failure analysis considering cascading functional dependence and random failure propagation time","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Reliab Eng Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2020.107345","article-title":"Reliability analysis of body sensor networks subject to random isolation time","volume":"207","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6571","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3049094","article-title":"Planning the future of smart cities with swarms of fully autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles using a novel framework","volume":"9","author":"Kuru","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109305","article-title":"Reliability analysis of body sensor networks with correlated isolation groups","volume":"236","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0032","series-title":"Binary decision diagrams and extensions for system reliability analysis","author":"Xing","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2022.109085","article-title":"Reliability analysis of dynamic voting phased-mission systems","volume":"232","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0034","series-title":"Proc. Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium","first-page":"1","article-title":"Combinatorial competing failure analysis considering random propagation time","author":"Mo","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(99)00075-7","article-title":"Quantification of sequential failure logic for fault tree analysis","volume":"67","author":"Long","year":"2000","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2019.1800214","article-title":"UAV aided aerial-ground IoT for air quality sensing in smart city: architecture, technologies, and implementation","volume":"33","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0037","series-title":"Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","first-page":"1207","article-title":"ImgSensingNet: UAV vision guided aerial-ground air quality sensing system","author":"Yang","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9827","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3021006","article-title":"Federated learning in the sky: aerial-ground air quality sensing framework with UAV swarms","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2023.3275656","article-title":"Dependability evaluation of a smart poultry house: addressing availability issues through the edge, fog, and cloud computing","volume":"20","author":"Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2020.107385","article-title":"A bayesian network for reliability assessment of man-machine phased-mission system considering the phase dependencies of human cognitive error","volume":"207","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0041","series-title":"Proc. Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reliability of multi-state systems subject to competing failures","author":"Xing","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662_bib0042","series-title":"Advances in reliability and maintainability methods and engineering applications","article-title":"Reliability of wireless body area networks","author":"Xing","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Reliability Engineering & System Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026004746?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026004746?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T15:54:48Z","timestamp":1780934088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0951832026004746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0951832026004746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-8320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-8320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Competing failure modeling and analysis for phased mission systems with random failure isolation time","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112662","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112662"}}