{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T16:57:40Z","timestamp":1780937860403,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SER-2040-CED"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SER-2040-CED"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/2022\/003415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2022\/003415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:57:41Z","timestamp":1775145461000},"page":"112677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Deterministic and probabilistic stability analyses of single tunnel in a cohesive-frictional finite slope"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"275","author":[{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1359-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akanksha","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0001","series-title":"Proceeding, 11th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, San Francisco","first-page":"2541","article-title":"Predicting the performance of residual soil slopes","author":"Brand","year":"1985"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001385","article-title":"Failure mechanism of primary support for a shallow and asymmetrically loaded tunnel portal and treatment measures","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Perform Constr Facil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2014.05.013","article-title":"Cracking mechanism of secondary lining for a shallow and asymmetrically loaded tunnel in loose deposits","volume":"43","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tunn Undergr Sp Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0004","first-page":"1","article-title":"An analysis of loess tunnel failure and its mechanism","volume":"6671666","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hindawi Adv Civ Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0005","series-title":"Soft ground tunnelling, failures and displacements","first-page":"33","article-title":"The assessment of tunnel stability in clay by model tests","author":"Casarin","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0006","series-title":"Proceeding, Conference on Predictive soil mechanics","first-page":"644","article-title":"Stability of shallow tunnel in soft ground","volume":"1993","author":"Sloan","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2005.06.003","article-title":"Tunnel stability and arching effects during tunneling in soft clayey soil","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tunn Undergr Sp Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1680\/geot.1977.27.2.203","article-title":"Stability of a shallow circular tunnel in cohesionless soil","volume":"27","author":"Atkinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"G\u00e9otech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000689","article-title":"Upper-bound solution for stability number of elliptical tunnel in cohesionless soils","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Geomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s40515-018-0062-1","article-title":"Failure mechanisms of shallow tunnel in sandy ground","volume":"5","author":"Dziuban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp Infrastruct Geotechnol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1080\/19386362.2019.1592874","article-title":"Stability of rectangular tunnel in cohesionless soils","volume":"15","author":"Dutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Geotech Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000011","article-title":"Stability of shallow tunnel using rigid blocks and finite-element upper bound solutions","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Geomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1139\/t11-078","article-title":"Abbo AW stability of a single tunnel in cohesive\u2013frictional soil subjected to surcharge loading","volume":"48","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1139\/cgj-2016-0523","article-title":"Stability analysis of a deep buried elliptical tunnel in cohesive\u2013frictional (c\u2013\u03d5) soils with a non-associated flow rule","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can Geotech J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001770","article-title":"Stability of horseshoe tunnel in cohesive-frictional soils","volume":"20","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Geomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39918-6_19","article-title":"Numerical analysis of a tunnel in an anisotropy rock mass. envalira tunnel (principality of andorra)","author":"Plana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eng Geolo Infrastruct Plan Eur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-019-01931-4","article-title":"Tunneling in squeezing ground:effect of the excavation method","volume":"53","author":"Fuente","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rock Mech Rock Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-020-02304-y","article-title":"Tunnel stability analysis in weak rocks using the convergence confinement method","volume":"54","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rock Mech Rock Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2011.07.003","article-title":"Probabilistic analysis of underground rock excavations using response surface method and sorm","volume":"38","author":"L\u00fc","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2013.10.011","article-title":"Monte Carlo simulation as a tool for tunneling planning","volume":"40","author":"Vargas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tunn Undergr Sp Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2019.01.008","article-title":"Probability analysis of shallow circular tunnels in homogeneous soil using the surface response methodology optimized by a genetic algorithm","volume":"86","author":"Hamrouni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tunn Undergr Sp Technol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002146","article-title":"Probability analysis of deep tunnels based on monte carlo simulation: case study of diversion tunnels at Jinping II hydropower station, southwest China","volume":"21","author":"Tu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Geomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2014.01.003","article-title":"A response surface method for stochastic dynamic analysis","volume":"126","author":"Alibrandi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109180","article-title":"Service reliability assessment of ballastless track in high speed railway via improved response surface method","volume":"234","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2017.01.004","article-title":"Non-linear partial least squares response surface method for structural reliability analysis","volume":"161","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11440-012-0182-7","article-title":"Probabilistic analyses of tunneling-induced ground movements","volume":"8","author":"Mollon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Geotechn"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001315","article-title":"Probabilistic stability analysis of subway tunnels combining multiple failure mechanisms and response surface method","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2018.07.029","article-title":"A probabilistic method to analyze collapse failure of shallow rectangular tunnels","volume":"82","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tunn Undergr Sp Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00603-014-0567-z","article-title":"Reliable support design for excavations in brittle rock using a global response surface method","volume":"48","author":"Langford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rock Mech Rock Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2023.05.104","article-title":"Reliability analysis method for tunnel structural design: brief review and relevant prospects","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Struct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2013.02.014","article-title":"An enhanced unified uncertainty analysis approach based on first order reliability method with single-level optimization","volume":"116","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2025.110974","article-title":"FORM-based global reliability sensitivity analysis of systems with multiple failure modes","volume":"260","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2025.111629","article-title":"A decoupled first-order reliability method for the time-dependent structural system reliability evaluation from the perspective of probability density evolution","volume":"266","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2020.107228","article-title":"Assessment of tunnel face stability subjected to an adjacent tunnel","volume":"205","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2022.108801","article-title":"Settlement-based framework for long-term serviceability assessment of immersed tunnels","volume":"228","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2018.01.005","article-title":"Generalized reliability importance measure (GRIM) using Gaussian mixture","volume":"173","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2016.11.013","article-title":"Undrained stability of single circular tunnel in spatially variable soil subjected to surcharge loading","volume":"84","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2020.103861","article-title":"Stochastic analysis of dual tunnels in spatially random soil","volume":"129","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2025.111503","article-title":"Risk assessment of tunnel segment uplift during construction based on variable weight-cloud model","volume":"265","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-020-2063-1","article-title":"Analysis of asymmetric stress ratio in shallow buried tunnels","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"KSCE J Civ Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/17486025.2017.1400116","article-title":"Stability of long circular tunnels in sloping ground","volume":"13","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geomech Geoengin Int J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1007\/s40515-023-00313-2","article-title":"Required supporting lining pressure for the stability of a rectangular tunnel in sloping ground","volume":"11","author":"Jitchaijaroen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transp Infrastruct Geotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2020.103406","article-title":"Centrifuge testing and numerical modeling of tunnel face stability considering longitudinal slope angle and steady state seepage in soft clay","volume":"101","author":"Weng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tunn Undergr Sp Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1007\/s40515-023-00338-7","article-title":"Advanced finite element limit analysis and machine learning for assessing the stability of square tunnels in rock slope","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transp Infrastruct Geotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2014.11.003","article-title":"Model test to investigate the failure mechanisms and lining stress characteristics of shallow buried tunnels under unsymmetrical loading","volume":"46","author":"Lie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tunn Undergr Sp Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kscej.2024.100140","article-title":"Stability analysis of shallow tunnels in soft soil slopes: physical experiments and numerical simulations","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"KSCE J Civ Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-022-10680-8","article-title":"Landslidetunnel interaction mechanism and numerical simulation during tunnel construction: a case from expressway in Northwest Yunnan Province, China","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arab J Geosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s10064-015-0770-5","article-title":"Understanding the mechanism of slope failure on a nearby highway tunnel route by different slope stability analysis methods:a case from NE Turkey","volume":"75","author":"Kaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull Eng Geol Env"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0049","article-title":"Interaction mechanism of diagonal tunnel openings in slopes: finite element simulation and artificial ground reinforcement; a case study","volume":"166","author":"Maleki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tunn Undergr Sp Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0050","series-title":"Proceeding, GeoQuebec","article-title":"Case study: the influence of tunnelling on slope stability","author":"Vlachopoulos","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0051","article-title":"Influence of portal excavation of shallow-buried bias tunnel on stability of soil\u2012rock bedding slope: a case study of Moziping tunnel","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Repor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0054","article-title":"Risk-based analysis in Geotechnical Engineering for Support of Planning Studies, Eng. And Design. US Army Corps of Engineers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dep Army Wash DC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1680\/geot.1999.49.3.387","article-title":"Slope stability analysis by finite elements","volume":"3","author":"Griffiths","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geotech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0056","series-title":"Amsterdam","article-title":"Limit analysis in soil mechanics","author":"Chen","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1139\/T08-087","article-title":"Menkiti, CO: case study on seismic tunnel response","volume":"45","author":"Konto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can Geotech J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0058","article-title":"Analysis of shield tunnel ground deformation characteristics and affecting factors in water-rich soft stratum: a case study on the section tunnel of tianjin metro line 6","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0059","article-title":"Monitoring and analysis of subway tunnel thermal environment: a case study in Guangzhou","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Sustain Cities Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2019.01.005","article-title":"Support pressure for stability of circular tunnels driven in granular soil under water table","volume":"109","author":"Sahoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp Geotech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0061","series-title":"Probabilistic methods in geotechnical engineering","first-page":"71","article-title":"Tools and strategies for dealing with uncertainty in geotechnics","author":"Nadim","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1061\/JMCEA3.0001848","article-title":"Exact and invariant second-moment code format","volume":"100","author":"Hasofer","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Eng Mech Div"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.strusafe.2013.08.008","article-title":"FORM, SORM, and spatial modelling in geotechnical engineering","volume":"49","author":"Low","year":"2014","journal-title":"Struct Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0064","series-title":"Breakthroughs in statistics","first-page":"270","article-title":"On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions","author":"Box","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0065","series-title":"Proceeding, 12th international conference of international association for computer methods and advances in geomechanics","first-page":"4147","article-title":"Response surface methodology (RSM) in the reliability analysis of geotechnical systems","author":"Babu","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0066","series-title":"Geotechnical reliability analysis: theories, methods and algorithms","author":"Zhang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000060","article-title":"Probabilistic analysis of circular tunnels in homogeneous soil using response surface methodology","volume":"135","author":"Mollon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Geotech Geoenviron Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:2(145)","article-title":"Reliability assessment of basal-heave stability for braced excavations in clay","volume":"134","author":"Goh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Geotech Geoenviron Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2013.04.006","article-title":"Reliability analysis of roof wedges and rockbolt forces in tunnels","volume":"38","author":"Low","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tunn Undergr Sp Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2017.06.017","article-title":"Reliability based design optimization for a rock tunnel support system with multiple failure modes using response surface method","volume":"70","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tunn Undergr Sp Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sandf.2025.101569","article-title":"Reliability assessment of steel slag and construction waste backfill for reinforced earth structures using response surface method","volume":"65","author":"Sarkar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Found"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7949(78)90046-9","article-title":"Structural reliability under combined random load sequences","volume":"9","author":"Rackwitz","year":"1978","journal-title":"Comput Struct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2015.03.012","article-title":"A probabilistic analysis of subsoil parameters uncertainty impacts on tunnel-induced ground movements with a back-analysis study","volume":"68","author":"Miro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comp Geotec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1139\/t99-038","article-title":"Characterization of geotechnical variability","volume":"36","author":"Phoon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can Geotech J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001788","article-title":"Failure modes of tunnel with improved soil surround","volume":"143","author":"Tyagi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Geotech Geoenviron Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677_bib0076","series-title":"Recent advances in geotechnical engineering","first-page":"251","article-title":"FEM based pressure-deformation approach for determination of critical tunnel support pressure for tunnels in soils","volume":"2","author":"Mondal","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026004898?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026004898?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T15:58:09Z","timestamp":1780934289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0951832026004898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["S0951832026004898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-8320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-8320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Deterministic and probabilistic stability analyses of single tunnel in a cohesive-frictional finite slope","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112677","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112677"}}