{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T01:05:43Z","timestamp":1780707943086,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,5,30]],"date-time":"2027-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1811635200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":180,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006197","name":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100028466","name":"Power","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100028466","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reliability Engineering & System Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:24:59Z","timestamp":1778084699000},"page":"112824","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A goal-based, dual-objective approach for designing optimal multi-level accelerated test plans"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Izon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Modarres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b1","series-title":"2016 IEEE aerospace conference","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stirling to flight initiative","author":"Hibbard","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b2","series-title":"2021 annual reliability and maintainability symposium","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reliability for a 50+ year mission \u2013 interstellar probe","author":"Edwards","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b3","series-title":"Reliability verification, testing, and analysis in engineering design","author":"Wasserman","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b4","series-title":"12th international energy conversion engineering conference","article-title":"Goal based testing: A risk informed process","author":"Everline","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b5","series-title":"Proceedings - annual reliability and maintainability symposium","article-title":"An updated bibliography of accelerated test plans","author":"Nelson","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b6","series-title":"Springer handbook of engineering statistics","first-page":"397","article-title":"Accelerated life test models and data analysis","author":"Pascual","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1214\/088342306000000321","article-title":"A review of accelerated test models","volume":"21","author":"Escobar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Statist Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1198\/004017005000000373","article-title":"Bayesian methods for planning accelerated life tests","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b9","series-title":"Accelerated testing","author":"Nelson","year":"1990"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2012.2194190","article-title":"Overview of reliability testing","volume":"61","author":"Elsayed","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.2195","article-title":"A literature review on planning and analysis of accelerated testing for reliability assessment","volume":"33","author":"Limon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Qual Reliab Eng Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s10033-018-0206-9","article-title":"Design of accelerated life test plans\u2014Overview and prospect","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Mech Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1959.tb00338.x","article-title":"Optimum experimental designs","volume":"21","author":"Kiefer","year":"1959","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B Stat Methodol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177706252","article-title":"Optimum designs in regression problems","volume":"30","author":"Kiefer","year":"1959","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1962.10490020","article-title":"Optimal accelerated life designs for estimation","volume":"4","author":"Chernoff","year":"1962","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2005.847247","article-title":"A bibliography of accelerated test plans","volume":"54","author":"Nelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2005.853289","article-title":"A bibliography of accelerated test plans part II - references","volume":"54","author":"Nelson","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajtas.20241306.14","article-title":"Methods of optimal accelerated life test plans: A review","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Theor Appl Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/TEI.1972.299187","article-title":"Analysis of accelerated life test data - part II: Numerical methods and test planning","volume":"EI-7","author":"Nelson","year":"1972","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Electr Insul"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2307\/1267923","article-title":"Theory for optimum censored accelerated life tests for normal and lognormal life distributions","volume":"18","author":"Nelson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1978.10489643","article-title":"Theory for optimum accelerated censored life tests for Weibull and extreme value distributions","volume":"20","author":"Nelson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1995.10484374","article-title":"Planning accelerated life tests with two or more experimental factors","volume":"37","author":"Escobar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1198\/004017003188618760","article-title":"Theory for optimal test plans for the random fatigue-limit model","volume":"45","author":"Pascual","year":"2003","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2006.890885","article-title":"Accelerated life test planning with independent Weibull competing risks with known shape parameter","volume":"56","author":"Pascual","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2016.09.007","article-title":"Planning two or more level constant-stress accelerated life tests with competing risks","volume":"158","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2020.106875","article-title":"Design optimization of a simple step-stress accelerated life test \u2013 contrast between continuous and interval inspections with non-uniform step durations","volume":"199","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2022.108917","article-title":"Optimal design of step-stress accelerated degradation tests based on the Tweedie exponential dispersion process","volume":"230","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/00224065.2010.11917811","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis of optimal designs for accelerated life testing","volume":"42","author":"Monroe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Qual Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2013.2257053","article-title":"A novel approach to optimal accelerated life test planning with interval censoring","volume":"62","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2021.107509","article-title":"Optimal design of hybrid accelerated test based on the inverse Gaussian process model","volume":"210","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2025.111506","article-title":"Statistical inference and optimal design for step-stress accelerated life testing with hybrid group censoring for non-destructive one-shot devices","volume":"265","author":"Ling","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3758(92)90071-Y","article-title":"Bayesian design for accelerated life testing","volume":"33","author":"Chaloner","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Statist Plann Inference"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b33","series-title":"Advances in reliability","first-page":"321","article-title":"A Bayesian perspective on the design of accelerated life tests","author":"Polson","year":"1993"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4040626","article-title":"A sequential accelerated life testing framework for system reliability assessment with untestable components","volume":"140","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mech Des"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4045176","article-title":"Resource allocation for system reliability assessment using accelerated life testing","volume":"142","author":"Moustafa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mech Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b36","series-title":"2018 annual reliability and maintainability symposium","first-page":"1","article-title":"A risk-informed life test modeling framework for uncertainty characterization and life estimation","author":"Ndu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b37","unstructured":"Izon S, Novack S, Smith C. Risk-informed Life Test Modeling Framework - Development Overview. In: Proceedings - nuclear and emerging technologies for space. Track 1: radioisotopes and power conversion systems, Knoxville, TN; 2020, p. 66\u201370, URL https:\/\/nets2020.ornl.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/TRACK-1-Full-submission.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b38","series-title":"Probabilistic physics of failure approach to reliability: Modeling, accelerated testing, prognosis and reliability assessment","author":"Modarres","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109515","article-title":"Dependent failure behavior modeling for risk and reliability: A systematic and critical literature review","volume":"239","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2024.110766","article-title":"Failure dependence and cascading failures: A literature review and research opportunities","volume":"256","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boltz S, Debreuve \u00c9, Barlaud M. kNN-based high-dimensional Kullback-Leibler distance for tracking . In: 8th international workshop on image analysis for multimedia interactive services. WIAMIS 2007, Santorini, Greece; 2007, p. 16. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/WIAMIS.2007.53.","DOI":"10.1109\/WIAMIS.2007.53"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v076.i01","article-title":"Stan: A probabilistic programming language","volume":"76","author":"Carpenter","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b43","series-title":"Proceedings of the thirty-eighth conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence","first-page":"507","article-title":"Multi-objective Bayesian optimization over high-dimensional search spaces","volume":"vol. 180","author":"Daulton","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017","article-title":"A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II","volume":"6","author":"Deb","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evol Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2019.11.004","article-title":"Dealing with categorical and integer-valued variables in Bayesian optimization with Gaussian processes","volume":"380","author":"Garrido-Merch\u00e1n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5277","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2009.2023907","article-title":"Temperature stability and flux losses over time in sintered Nd\u2014Fe\u2014B permanent magnets","volume":"45","author":"Haavisto","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Magn"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2013.2284161","article-title":"Review of magnetic material degradation characteristics for the design of premagnetized inductors","volume":"50","author":"Friebe","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Magn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b48","series-title":"Standard practice for heat aging of plastics without load, D3045-18","author":"ASTM","year":"2018"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03397753","article-title":"Creep correlations in alpha solid solutions of aluminum","volume":"4","author":"Sherby","year":"1952","journal-title":"JOM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-004-6733-1","article-title":"On the design of optimization strategies based on global response surface approximation models","volume":"33","author":"S\u00f3bester","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Global Optim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b51","series-title":"Parallel problem solving from nature \u2014 PPSN v","first-page":"292","article-title":"Multiobjective optimization using evolutionary algorithms \u2014 A comparative case study","author":"Zitzler","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2005.851275","article-title":"A faster algorithm for calculating hypervolume","volume":"10","author":"While","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evol Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspi.2014.12.004","article-title":"On using the hypervolume indicator to compare Pareto fronts: Applications to multi-criteria optimal experimental design","volume":"160","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Statist Plann Inference"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1080\/0305215X.2012.687731","article-title":"Combining radial basis function surrogates and dynamic coordinate search in high-dimensional expensive black-box optimization","volume":"45","author":"Regis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eng Optim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112405","article-title":"Reliability analysis of dependent multistate phased mission systems with vine-copulas","volume":"274","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109722","article-title":"Flexible modelling of a bivariate degradation process with a shared frailty and an application to fatigue crack data","volume":"242","author":"Barui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2015.2494218","article-title":"Taking the human out of the loop: A review of Bayesian optimization","volume":"104","author":"Shahriari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b58","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b59","series-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems 33","article-title":"BoTorch: A framework for efficient Monte-Carlo Bayesian optimization","author":"Balandat","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b60","series-title":"Doing Bayesian data analysis : A tutorial with R, JAGS, and Stan","author":"Kruschke","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1214\/06-BA117A","article-title":"Prior distributions for variance parameters in hierarchical models (comment on article by Browne and Draper)","volume":"1","author":"Gelman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bayesian Anal"}],"container-title":["Reliability Engineering & System Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026006356?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026006356?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:48:04Z","timestamp":1780706884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0951832026006356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0951832026006356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-8320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-8320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A goal-based, dual-objective approach for designing optimal multi-level accelerated test plans","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112824","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112824"}}