{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T17:11:06Z","timestamp":1780420266944,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019929","name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T23:35:59Z","timestamp":1779492959000},"page":"112901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An adaptive multi-dimensional protection framework for 5G cloud-native networks using collaborative multi-agent systems"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinsheng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2018.09.014","article-title":"Optimizing dynamic survivability and security of replicated data in cloud systems under co-residence attacks","volume":"192","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2018.2879605","article-title":"A study on the security implications of information leakages in container clouds","volume":"18","author":"Xing","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dependable Secur Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b3","first-page":"1125","article-title":"DSEOM: A framework for dynamic security evaluation and optimization of MTD in container-based cloud","volume":"18","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dependable Secur Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b4","first-page":"608","article-title":"Moving target defense strategy optimization scheme for cloud native environment based on deep reinforcement learning","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Electron Inf Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2015.7113224","article-title":"Network function virtualization in the multi-tenant cloud","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2017.2761860","article-title":"An sdn\/nfv platform for personal cloud services","volume":"14","author":"Bruschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b7","series-title":"What\u2019s a service mesh? and why do i need one?","author":"Morgan","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.3390\/s25030914","article-title":"Enhancing microservice security through vulnerability-driven trust in the service mesh architecture","volume":"25","author":"Alboqmi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b9","series-title":"Cloud-native application architecture: microservice development best practice","isbn-type":"print","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-9782-2","author":"Team","year":"2024","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9789811997815"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang K, Cai G, Zong B, Wang M. A Service Mesh Authorization Control Model Based on User Behavior Credibility. In: Proceedings of the SPIE, Third International Conference on Computer Communication and Network Security (CCNS 2022). Hohhot, China; 2022, p. 15\u20137, 124531B.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2659282"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7026779","article-title":"SoK: context and risk aware access control for zero trust systems","volume":"2022","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Secur Commun Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s11633-023-1456-2","article-title":"Automation and orchestration of zero trust architecture: potential solutions and challenges","volume":"21","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mach Intell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b13","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE federated architectures & testbeds workshop on 5G and beyond (FATW5G 2023)","first-page":"6","article-title":"Secure the 5g and beyond networks with zero trust and access control systems for cloud native architectures","author":"Kholidy","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2023.100600","article-title":"Flow-based containerized honeypot approach for network traffic analysis: an empirical study","volume":"50","author":"Sethuraman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Sci Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b15","series-title":"Security, Privacy, and Trust in Modern Data Management","first-page":"103","article-title":"Trust management","author":"Ardagna","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b16","series-title":"The 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","first-page":"280","article-title":"ASLR-guard: Stopping address space leakage for code reuse attacks[c]","author":"Lu","year":"2015"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b17","first-page":"82","article-title":"Microservice moving target defense strategy based on adaptive genetic algorithm","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automated software diversity [m]","author":"LARSEN P","year":"2015","journal-title":"Morgan & Claypool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b19","unstructured":"MEIER R TSANKOV P, LENDERS V, et al. NetHide: Secure and practical network topology obfuscation[C]. In: The 27th USENIX Security Symposium. Baltimore, USA; 2018, p. 1\u201318. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.5555\/3277203.3277256."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b20","series-title":"2018 IEEE Intl Conf on Parallel& Distributed Processing with Applications, Ubiquitous Computing & Communications, Big Data & Cloud Computing, Social Computing & Networking, Sustainable Computing & Communications (ISPA\/IUCC\/BDCloud\/SocialCom\/SustainCom)","first-page":"932","article-title":"A cyber risk-based moving target defense mechanism for microservice architectures","author":"A","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1049\/cmu2.12464","article-title":"Cushion: a proactive resource provisioning method to mitigate SLO violations for containerized microservices","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"IET Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b22","first-page":"50","article-title":"Research on multi-dimensional dynamic defense strategy for microservice based on deep reinforcement learning","volume":"44","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b23","first-page":"1125","article-title":"DSEOM: a framework for dynamic security evaluation and optimization of MTD in container-based cloud","volume":"18","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dependable Secur Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b24","first-page":"608","article-title":"Optimization scheme of moving target defense strategy based on deep reinforcement learning in cloud native environment","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Electron Inf Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2024.103871","article-title":"A method of network attack-defense game and collaborative defense decision-making based on hierarchical multi-agent reinforcement learning","volume":"142","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput Secur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b26","series-title":"Technical aspects of cyber kill chain[C]\/\/Proceedings of International Symposium on Security in Computing and Communication","first-page":"438","author":"Yadav","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b27","series-title":"Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Decision and Game Theory for Security","first-page":"294","article-title":"A game-theoretic approach to respond to attacker lateral movement","author":"Noureddine","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b28","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM symposium on cloud computing","first-page":"412","article-title":"Characterizing microservice dependency and performance: Alibaba trace analysis","author":"Luo","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2017.2779436","article-title":"Misery digraphs: delaying intrusion attacks in obscure clouds","volume":"13","author":"Almohri","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_rg30a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3404560","article-title":"Performance and availability challenges in designing resilient 5G architectures","author":"De Simone","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_rg30b","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2022.3183938","article-title":"A latency-driven availability assessment for multi-tenant service chains","volume":"16","author":"De Simone","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Serv Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2022.3183938","article-title":"A latency-driven availability assessment for multi-tenant service chains","volume":"16","author":"L. De Simone","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Serv Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110950","article-title":"5G network resilience evaluation mechanism based on Petri nets","volume":"257","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6550","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2024.3370186","article-title":"SQIX: QMIX algorithm activated by general softmax operator for cooperative multiagent reinforcement learning","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man, Cybern: Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901_b34","article-title":"Repeated stackelberg security games: learning with incomplete state information","author":"Guillermo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"}],"container-title":["Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026007118?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026007118?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:42:26Z","timestamp":1780418546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0951832026007118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0951832026007118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-8320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-8320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An adaptive multi-dimensional protection framework for 5G cloud-native networks using collaborative multi-agent systems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112901","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112901"}}