{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T04:54:22Z","timestamp":1786078462605,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012152","name":"National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX20250439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX20250439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012152","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62503488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62503488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72571279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72571279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reliability Engineering & System Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T16:09:18Z","timestamp":1779984558000},"page":"112933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mechanism-driven resilience modeling and assessment of power system under high-power microwave disturbances"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b1","series-title":"International symposium on electromagnetic compatibility-EMC EUROPE","first-page":"1","article-title":"An overview of the impacts of three high-power electromagnetic (HPEM) threats on smart grids","author":"Radasky","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109376","article-title":"Combined optimization of system reliability improvement and resilience with mixed cascading failures in dependent network systems","volume":"237","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2016.06.008","article-title":"Framework for modeling high-impact, low-frequency power grid events to support risk-informed decisions","volume":"18","author":"Veeramany","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109699","article-title":"Dynamic probabilistic risk assessment for electric grid cybersecurity","volume":"241","author":"Diao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1109\/5.149443","article-title":"From the electromagnetic pulse to high-power electromagnetics","volume":"80","author":"Baum","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1109\/TEMC.2004.831814","article-title":"Susceptibility of electronic systems to high-power microwaves: Summary of test experience","volume":"46","author":"Backstrom","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2023.3273922","article-title":"A resilience evaluation method considering power source ability and network topology of power systems","volume":"17","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2022.108857","article-title":"A novel preventive islanding scheme of power system under extreme typhoon events","volume":"147","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Electr Power Energy Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109886","article-title":"Cyber-constrained load shedding for smart grid resilience enhancement","volume":"243","author":"Abbasizadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87279","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3304643","article-title":"Evaluation of power systems resilience to extreme weather events: a review of methods and assumptions","volume":"11","author":"Mujjuni","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b11","article-title":"Towards a framework for measurements of power systems resiliency: Comprehensive review and development of graph and vector-based resilience metrics","volume":"109","author":"Amiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain Cities Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2024.110242","article-title":"Mitigating cascading failure in power grids with deep reinforcement learning-based remedial actions","volume":"250","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109207","article-title":"Resilience modeling for multi-state systems based on Markov processes","volume":"235","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003407072","article-title":"Multi-stage robust optimization of reliability improvement for power transmission cyber-physical systems under sequential coordinated attacks: an extreme attack scenario search-assisted framework","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2307\/3033543","article-title":"A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness","volume":"40","author":"Freeman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Sociometry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s44291-024-00035-w","article-title":"Identifying critical transmission lines in cascading outages using the natural connectivity index","volume":"1","author":"Rivas-D\u00e1valos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov Electron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109681","article-title":"A three-stage model of quantifying and analyzing power network resilience based on network theory","volume":"241","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-024-10952-2","article-title":"An improved swarm intelligence for power system economic operations based on optimal power generation to control congestion in transmission channels","volume":"37","author":"Kumari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5370\/JICEE.2011.1.1.049","article-title":"Implementation of PTDFs and LODFs for power system security","volume":"1","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Int Counc Electr Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2022.3218271","article-title":"Real-time power market clearing model with improved network constraints considering PTDF correction and fast-calculated dynamic line rating","volume":"59","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b21","series-title":"Critical nodes identification in complex networks: a survey","author":"Chen","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121560","article-title":"Multi-stage collaborative resilient enhancement strategy for coupling faults in distribution cyber physical systems","volume":"348","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.23919\/IEN.2023.0039","article-title":"A review on simulation models of cascading failures in power systems","volume":"2","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ienergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2024.110488","article-title":"Cascading failure model and resilience-based sequential recovery strategy for complex networks","volume":"253","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2025.110808","article-title":"Resilience-based optimisation framework for post-earthquake restoration of power systems","volume":"257","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2016.10.028","article-title":"Optimizing power system investments and resilience against attacks","volume":"159","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b27","series-title":"Antenna theory and design","author":"Stutzman","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b28","series-title":"Modeling, simulation, and mitigation of the impacts of the late time e3 high-altitude electromagnetic pulse on power systems","author":"Hutchins","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b29","series-title":"Wireless communications : Principles and practice","author":"Rappaport","year":"2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13071336","article-title":"Impact analysis of high-altitude electromagnetic pulse coupling effects on power grid protection relays","volume":"13","author":"Thotakura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2024.110603","article-title":"Resilience enhancement of cyber\u2013physical distribution systems via mobile power sources and unmanned aerial vehicles","volume":"254","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1109\/5.823997","article-title":"Transmission management in the deregulated environment","volume":"88","author":"Christie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4732","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2017.2664141","article-title":"Metrics and quantification of operational and infrastructure resilience in power systems","volume":"32","author":"Panteli","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2014.10.030","article-title":"Robust transmission expansion planning","volume":"242","author":"Ruiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"European J Oper Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2011.01.021","article-title":"Structural vulnerability of power systems: A topological approach","volume":"81","author":"Bompard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electr Power Syst Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b36","series-title":"Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates: an introduction to dispersion modeling","author":"Turner","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(82)90271-2","article-title":"Predictions for particle deposition to vegetative canopies","volume":"16","author":"Slinn","year":"1982","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environ (1967)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b38","first-page":"1676","article-title":"Application of insulators in a contaminated environment","volume":"98","author":"Lightning","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Appar Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2014.004343","article-title":"Study on natural contamination performance of typical types of insulators","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul"}],"container-title":["Reliability Engineering & System Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095183202600743X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095183202600743X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T21:54:00Z","timestamp":1783202040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S095183202600743X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S095183202600743X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-8320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-8320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mechanism-driven resilience modeling and assessment of power system under high-power microwave disturbances","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112933","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112933"}}