{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T20:59:33Z","timestamp":1781297973898,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T05:47:28Z","timestamp":1780292848000},"page":"112961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Enhancing Cyber Resilience in Financial Networks: A High uncertainty Simulation Tool for Probabilistic Risk Assessment and Strategic Resource Allocation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"277","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3198-4850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santanu","family":"Mondal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1867-9723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashmi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.94.012305","article-title":"Identifying optimal targets of network attack by belief propagation","volume":"94","author":"Mugisha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2019.2907787","article-title":"From risk matrices to risk networks in construction projects","volume":"68","author":"Qazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Eng Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-023-00579-y","article-title":"Cryptocurrencies under climate shocks: a dynamic network analysis of extreme risk spillovers","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Financ Innov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0004","article-title":"Cyber resilience quantification: A probabilistic estimation model for IT infrastructure","volume":"265","author":"Alhidaifi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2015.12.025","article-title":"Developing a two-step fuzzy cost\u2013benefit analysis for strategies to continuity management and disaster recovery","volume":"85","author":"Rabbani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saf Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2020.3018701","article-title":"An actuarial framework for power system reliability considering cybersecurity threats","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12371","article-title":"A Boolean networks approach to modelling and resilience analysis of interdependent critical infrastructures","volume":"33","author":"Galbusera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Aided Civ Infrastruct Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2020.3032830","article-title":"Multi-period active distribution network planning using multi-stage stochastic programming and nested decomposition by SDDIP","volume":"36","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-025-03050-6","article-title":"Cyber risk propagation and budget optimization in financial networks: A Monte Carlo approach","author":"Mondal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.2478\/cee-2024-0058","article-title":"Optimizing budget deficit in multi-construction projects using sequential quadratic programming","volume":"20","author":"Hasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Civ Environ Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0011","article-title":"Regulation ROR. Volume 49, June 2024, Number 4","volume":"49","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Corp Law"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13796","DOI":"10.3390\/en81212393","article-title":"Cyber risk assessment of transmission lines in smart grids","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-025-00985-6","article-title":"SERDUX-MARCIM: Maritime cyberattack simulation using dynamic modelling, compartmental models in epidemiology and agent-based modelling","volume":"24","author":"Cabuya-Padilla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Inf Secur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2022.102674","article-title":"Joint modelling of Hyperledger Fabric and Sybil attack: Petri Net approach","volume":"122","author":"La Salle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Simul Model Pract Theory"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.3390\/app10041426","article-title":"Hierarchical multi-stage cyber-attack scenario modelling based on the G&E model for cyber risk simulation analysis","volume":"10","author":"Ahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-022-00638-y","article-title":"Cyber risk management for autonomous passenger ships using threat-informed defense-in-depth","volume":"22","author":"Amro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Inf Secur"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1177\/1468087418808949","article-title":"Exploring the potential of machine learning in reducing the computational time\/expense and improving the reliability of engine optimization studies","volume":"21","author":"Kavuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Engine Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2021.102545","article-title":"A system to calculate Cyber Value-at-Risk","volume":"113","author":"Erola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Secur"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3856","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.3856","article-title":"Secure cyber incident analytics framework using Monte Carlo simulations for financial cybersecurity insurance in cloud computing","volume":"29","author":"Gai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Concurr Comput Pract Exp"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1111\/risa.13715","article-title":"Systemic cyber risk and aggregate impacts","volume":"42","author":"Welburn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Risk Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.10.104","article-title":"A study of contagion in the financial system from the perspective of network analytics","volume":"264","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2021.107586","article-title":"Cyber attacks on PMU placement in a smart grid: Characterization and optimization","volume":"212","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0023","article-title":"A hybrid approach combining Bayesian networks and logistic regression for enhancing risk assessment","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/deci.12099","article-title":"Supply network structure, visibility, and risk diffusion: A computational approach","volume":"45","author":"Basole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Decis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1287\/moor.2021.1174","article-title":"A dynamic contagion risk model with recovery features","volume":"47","author":"Amini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Math Oper Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2020.106873","article-title":"Cyber risks of PMU networks with observation errors: Assessment and mitigation","volume":"198","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0027","article-title":"Resilience-oriented optimal allocation of renewable energy source capacity in cyber-physical power systems","volume":"265","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0028","article-title":"Assessing cyber risks in construction projects: A machine learning-centric approach","volume":"20","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev Built Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2021.07.005","article-title":"Simulation methods for robust risk assessment and the distorted mix approach","volume":"298","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.13560","article-title":"A new frontier in dashboard design: Evaluating an innovative meta-modelling approach through expert insights","volume":"42","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Ingelmo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2020.106873","article-title":"Cyber risks of PMU networks with observation errors: Assessment and mitigation","volume":"198","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-021-00690-z","article-title":"Understanding factors that influence unintentional insider threat: A framework to counteract unintentional risks","volume":"24","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cogn Tech Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2021.113580","article-title":"A dynamic simulation approach to support the evaluation of cyber risks and security investments in SMEs","volume":"147","author":"Armenia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Decis Support Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-024-00695-3","article-title":"Domain adaptation-based multi-stage ensemble learning paradigm for credit risk evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Financ Innov"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1017\/S1748499523000258","article-title":"Modelling and management of cyber risk: A cross-disciplinary review","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Actuar Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-025-01072-6","article-title":"Synthetic data: revisiting the privacy-utility trade-off","volume":"24","author":"Sarmin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Inf Secur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0037","series-title":"2025 30th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing privacy-utility trade-offs in generative model-based synthetic tabular datasets","author":"Padariya","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-20651-0","article-title":"RABEM: risk-adaptive Bayesian ensemble model for fraud detection","volume":"15","author":"Almarshad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0039","article-title":"Adversarial fraud sample generation with reinforcement learning: A joint optimization framework for financial statement fraud detection","volume":"162","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0040","series-title":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","first-page":"24","article-title":"Developing synthetic data for cybersecurity policies","author":"Giacomello","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3390\/fi17120561","article-title":"Evaluating synthetic malicious network traffic generated by GAN and VAE models: A data quality perspective","volume":"17","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Internet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31544","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3542266","article-title":"Can Synthetic Data Protect Privacy?","volume":"13","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0043","series-title":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Future Machine Learning and Data Science (FMLDS)","first-page":"179","article-title":"Generating scalable and labelled IoT intrusion dataset using leaky GANs","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0044","article-title":"Resilience analysis and recovery strategy for interdependent automated container port networks under cascading failures","volume":"265","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14061095","article-title":"Machine-learning-based DDoS attack detection using mutual information and random forest feature importance method","volume":"14","author":"Alduailij","year":"2022","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203203","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3036322","article-title":"Machine learning for financial risk management: A survey","volume":"8","author":"Mashrur","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-024-00746-8","article-title":"SynDEc: A synthetic data ecosystem","volume":"35","author":"Karst","year":"2025","journal-title":"Electron Mark"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0049","series-title":"Automatic attack graph reasoning and risk analysis [Doctoral dissertation]","author":"Venezia","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1958","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.1958","article-title":"A lightweight framework for cyber risk management in Western Balkan higher education institutions","volume":"10","author":"Kepuska","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0050","first-page":"45","article-title":"Economic impact of IoT and conventional data breaches: Cost analysis and statistical trends","volume":"53","author":"Harkai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Control Cybern"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2023.103382","article-title":"A framework for designing vulnerability metrics","volume":"132","author":"Albanese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Secur"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1108\/JRF-09-2016-0122","article-title":"What do we know about cyber risk and cyber risk insurance?","volume":"17","author":"Eling","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Risk Finance"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1057\/gpp.2014.19","article-title":"Insurability of cyber risk: An empirical analysis","volume":"40","author":"Biener","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geneva Pap Risk Insur Issues Pract"},{"issue":"7330","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09659","article-title":"Systemic risk in banking ecosystems","volume":"469","author":"Haldane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.07.021","article-title":"What are the actual costs of cyber risk events?","volume":"272","author":"Eling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"}],"container-title":["Reliability Engineering &amp; System Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026007714?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0951832026007714?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T20:24:50Z","timestamp":1781295890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0951832026007714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0951832026007714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-8320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-8320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Enhancing Cyber Resilience in Financial Networks: A High uncertainty Simulation Tool for Probabilistic Risk Assessment and Strategic Resource Allocation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.112961","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112961"}}