{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T22:26:10Z","timestamp":1783463170757,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reliability Engineering & System Safety"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:33:40Z","timestamp":1782862420000},"page":"113037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P3","title":["Modeling cascading failures and resilience-oriented design in spatially embedded IoT-enabled cyber\u2013physical systems"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Boxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jichao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kewei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2022.108321","article-title":"Modeling and vulnerability assessment of cyber physical system considering coupling characteristics","volume":"142","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Electr Power Energy Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3466232","article-title":"Decoupling-based resilient control of vehicular platoons under injection of false wireless data","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2022.108058","article-title":"Cascading failure in coupled networks of transportation and power grid","volume":"140","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Electr Power Energy Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2023.109379","article-title":"Cascading failure model and resilience enhancement scheme of space information networks","volume":"237","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35790","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2026.3670930","article-title":"Multi-perspective security risk assessment for APT attacks in CPS environments","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3018687","article-title":"Cascading failures in Internet of Things: review and perspectives on reliability and resilience","volume":"8","author":"Xing","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2024.12.023","article-title":"Coupled urban risks: a complex systems perspective with a people-centric focus","volume":"44","author":"Ouyang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2024.110582","article-title":"Systematic review and future perspectives on cascading failures in Internet of Things: modeling and optimization","volume":"254","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-023-02132-1","article-title":"More is different in real-world multilayer networks","volume":"19","author":"Domenico","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2310742","article-title":"Reliability assessment of smart grids considering indirect cyber-power interdependencies","volume":"5","author":"Falahati","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2022.127215","article-title":"Robustness analysis of cyber-coupled power systems with considerations of interdependence of structures, operations and dynamic behaviors","volume":"596","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b12","article-title":"Structural measures for multiplex networks","volume":"89","author":"Battiston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2025.130605","article-title":"Analysis of the coupled cascade failure model in complex networks with functional dependence","volume":"669","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b14","article-title":"Modeling and analysis of cascading failures in multilayer higher-order networks","volume":"253","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"6366","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aai7488","article-title":"The fundamental advantages of temporal networks","volume":"358","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-025-01575-z","article-title":"Adaptive capacity for multimodal transport network resilience to extreme floods","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Sustain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2014.2360537","article-title":"Characterization of cascading failures in interdependent cyber\u2013physical systems","volume":"64","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2024.3411868","article-title":"Cascading failure in cyber\u2013physical systems: a review on failure modeling and vulnerability analysis","volume":"54","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65379-5","article-title":"Control of cascading failures using protective measures","volume":"14","author":"Fazli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2024.3396730","article-title":"Spreading processes with layer-dependent population heterogeneity over multilayer networks","volume":"11","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Netw Sci Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3934\/era.2023001","article-title":"Critical node identification in network cascading failure based on load percolation","volume":"31","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electron Res Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2025.130373","article-title":"Cascading dynamics on coupled networks with load-capacity interplay and concurrent recovery-failure","volume":"661","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2023.12.007","article-title":"Spontaneous recovery in directed dynamical networks","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2022.3169069","article-title":"An event-triggered hybrid system model for cascading failure in power grid","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b25","article-title":"Infrastructure resilience curves: performance measures and summary metrics","volume":"216","author":"Craig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53303-4","article-title":"Deep learning resilience inference for complex networked systems","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2024.06.012","article-title":"Empowering scenario planning with artificial intelligence: a perspective on building smart and resilient cities","volume":"43","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2025.111453","article-title":"ADHGR: an optimized adaptive disintegration strategy targeting heterogeneous UAV swarms based on graph reinforcement learning","volume":"265","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2025.06.024","article-title":"Spatiotemporal resilience of IoT-enabled unmanned system of systems","volume":"54","author":"Dui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2025.06.028","article-title":"Resilience models for tunnel recovery after earthquakes","volume":"54","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2024.3438810","article-title":"Resilience metric and dynamic assessment of unmanned system-of-systems considering cooperative reconfiguration strategies","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2022.108434","article-title":"Network-based assessment of metro infrastructure with a spatial\u2013temporal resilience cycle framework","volume":"223","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39999-w","article-title":"Interconnectedness enhances network resilience of multimodal public transportation systems for safe-to-fail urban mobility","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2022.108837","article-title":"Robustness improvement strategy of cyber\u2013physical systems with weak interdependency","volume":"229","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0344005","article-title":"Critical node identification and resilience analysis against cascading failures","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12887","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2026.3652229","article-title":"Network recovery from cascading failures in cyber\u2013service-coupled manufacturing Internet of Things","volume":"13","author":"Qian","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2024.110488","article-title":"Cascading failure model and resilience-based sequential recovery strategy for complex networks","volume":"253","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109531","article-title":"Evaluating supply chain network resilience considering disruption propagation","volume":"183","author":"Habibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b39","article-title":"A multistate network approach for resilience analysis of UAV swarm considering information exchange capacity","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.66.065102","article-title":"Cascade-based attacks on complex networks","volume":"66","author":"Motter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2024.110525","article-title":"Spatial network disintegration based on spatial coverage","volume":"253","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"},{"issue":"5439","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509","article-title":"Emergence of scaling in random networks","volume":"286","author":"Barab\u00e1si","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.5486\/PMD.1959.6.3-4.12","article-title":"On random graphs I","volume":"6","author":"Erd\u0151s","year":"1959","journal-title":"Publ Math Debrecen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","article-title":"Collective dynamics of small-world networks","volume":"393","author":"Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2008-00114-1","article-title":"A limited resource model of fault-tolerant capability against cascading failure of complex network","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Phys J B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b46","article-title":"Controller placement with critical switch aware in software-defined network (CPCSA)","volume":"9","author":"Yusuf","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.47836\/pjst.31.2.02","article-title":"Modified K-means clustering for demand-weighted locations: a Thailand\u2019s convenience store franchise-case study","volume":"31","author":"Chartchai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pertanika J Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121270","article-title":"Quantum-inspired particle swarm optimization for efficient IoT service placement in edge computing systems","volume":"236","author":"Bey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2023.103583","article-title":"A co-evolutionary genetic algorithm for robust and balanced controller placement in software-defined networks","volume":"212","author":"D\u2019Angelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies13060256","article-title":"Optimizing LoRaWAN gateway placement in urban environments: a hybrid PSO-DE algorithm validated via HTZ simulations","volume":"13","author":"Al-Sammak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Technologies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2021.04.012","article-title":"Simulated annealing based optimal controller placement in software defined networks with capacity constraint and failure awareness","volume":"34","author":"Aravind","year":"2022","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci"}],"container-title":["Reliability Engineering & System Safety"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095183202600846X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095183202600846X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T22:06:45Z","timestamp":1783462005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S095183202600846X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S095183202600846X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-8320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-8320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modeling cascading failures and resilience-oriented design in spatially embedded IoT-enabled cyber\u2013physical systems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ress.2026.113037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113037"}}