{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T16:59:17Z","timestamp":1781283557906,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61806183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61806183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Robotics and Autonomous Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T23:16:08Z","timestamp":1775690168000},"page":"105467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Shared control for autonomous robotic navigation: A review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4486-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haojie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuankai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yikang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6361-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Sarkar, A. Patil, A. Hartalkar, et al., Earthquake rescue robot: A purview to life, in: Proceedings of the 2017 Second International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies, 2017, pp. 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECCT.2017.8118044"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Arabboev, S. Begmatov, K. Nosirov, et al., Development of a prototype of asearch and rescue robot equipped with multiple cameras, in: Proceedings of the 2021 InternationalConference on InformationScience and Communications Technologies, 2021, pp. 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICISCT52966.2021.9670087"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1108\/01439911111106327","article-title":"Robots in the nuclear industry: a review of technologies and applications","volume":"38","author":"Bogue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ind. Robot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.102934","article-title":"Robotic autonomous systems for earthmoving in military applications","volume":"107","author":"Ha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21887","article-title":"The current state and future outlook of rescue robotics","volume":"36","author":"Delmerico","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Field Robot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b6","article-title":"Safe and intuitive manual guidance of a robot manipulator using adaptive admittance control towards robot agility","volume":"70","author":"Uquillas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2004.1337826","article-title":"Trial by fire [rescue robots]","volume":"11","author":"Murphy","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Nagatani, S. Kiribayashi, Y. Okada, et al., Redesign of rescue mobile robot Quince, in: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics, 2011, pp. 13\u201318.","DOI":"10.1109\/SSRR.2011.6106794"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b9","series-title":"Field and Service Robotics","first-page":"111","article-title":"Experience in system design for human\u2013robot teaming in urban search and rescue","author":"Kruijff","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.J. Kruijff, F. Pirri, M. Gianni, et al., Rescue robots at earthquake-hit mirandola, italy: a field report, in: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics, 2012, pp. 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1109\/SSRR.2012.6523866"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Drury, J. Scholtz, H. Yanco, Awareness in human\u2013robot interactions, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2003, pp. 912\u2013918.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2003.1243931"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Baker, R. Casey, B. Keyes, et al., Improved interfaces for human\u2013robot interaction in urban search and rescue, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2004, pp. 2960\u20132965.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2004.1400783"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b13","first-page":"460","article-title":"Control system of a semi-autonomous mobile robot","volume":"49","author":"\u0160kr\u00e9banek","year":"2016","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Doroodgar, M. Ficocelli, B. Mobedi, et al., The search for survivors: Cooperative human\u2013robot interaction in search and rescue environments using semi-autonomous robot, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2010, pp. 2858\u20132863.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2010.5509530"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b15","first-page":"120","article-title":"Agent-based support for balancing teleoperation and autonomy in urban search and rescue","volume":"21","author":"Wegner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Autom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b16","series-title":"AI*IA 2005: Advances in Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"483","article-title":"Human\u2013robot interaction through mixed-initiative planning for rescue and search rovers","author":"Finzi","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b17","article-title":"Zhurong: Features and mission of China\u2019s first Mars rover","volume":"2","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b18","first-page":"582","article-title":"Teleoperation technology of Zhurong Mars rover","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Deep. Space Explor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-022-01711-3","article-title":"Comparison of semi-autonomous mobile robot control strategies in presence of large delay fluctuation","volume":"106","author":"Seppanen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Intell. Robot. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Okada, K. Nagatani, K. Yoshida, et al., Shared autonomy system for tracked vehicles to traverse rough terrain based on continuous three-dimensional terrain scanning, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2010, pp. 357\u2013362.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2010.5648974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2010.05.010","article-title":"Brain-coupled interaction for semi-autonomous navigation of an assistive robot","volume":"58","author":"Perrin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Robot. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b22","first-page":"193","article-title":"TRADA project: Long-term human\u2013robot teaming for robot assisted disaster response","volume":"29","author":"Korbayov\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ger. J. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b23","first-page":"1094","article-title":"MIOM: A mixed-initiative operational model in urban search and rescue","volume":"10","author":"Mario","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.D. Greeff, T. Mioch, W.V. Wught, et al., Persistent robot-assisted disaster response, in: Proceedings of the Companion of the 2018 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 2018, pp. 99\u2013100.","DOI":"10.1145\/3173386.3177049"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b25","series-title":"The DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals: Humanoid Robots to the Rescue","first-page":"237","article-title":"Director: A user interface designed for robot operation with shared autonomy","author":"Marion","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b26","series-title":"Modelling and Simulation for Autonomous Systems","first-page":"274","article-title":"DARPA subterranean challenge: Multi-robotic exploration of underground environments","author":"Rou\u010dek","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-control-062722-100728","article-title":"Into the robotic depths: analysis and insights from the Darpa Subterranean challenge","volume":"6","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Control. Robot. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2018.2877189","article-title":"The VIKINGS autonomous inspection robot: competing in the ARGOS challenge","volume":"26","author":"Merriaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1108\/IJM-01-2021-0052","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and human workers interaction at team level: a conceptual assessment of the challenges and potential HRM strategies","volume":"43","author":"Arslan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Manpow."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4616","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184616","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning for flipper control of tracked robots in urban rescuing environments","volume":"15","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote. Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development and control of a military rescue robot for casualty extraction task","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Field Robot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2023.07.033","article-title":"Continuous shared control of a mobile robot with brain-computer interface and autonomous navigation for daily assistance","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Tonin, R. Leeb, M. Tavella, et al., The role of shared-control in BCI-based telepresence, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2010, pp. 1462\u20131466.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.2010.5642338"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-022-01711-3","article-title":"Comparison of semi-autonomous mobile robot control strategies in presence of large delay fluctuation","volume":"106","author":"Sepp\u00e4nen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Intell. Robot. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1109\/TOH.2023.3253856","article-title":"The classification and new trends of shared control strategies in telerobotic systems: A survey","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Haptics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b36","first-page":"827","article-title":"Shared autonomy in assistive mobile robots: a review","volume":"18","author":"Udupa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil.: Assist. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1109\/TOH.2023.3253856","article-title":"The classification and new trends of shared control strategies in telerobotic systems: a survey","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Haptics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364913490324","article-title":"A policy-blending formalism for shared control","volume":"32","author":"Dragan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2017.09.017","article-title":"Control sharing in human\u2013robot team interation","volume":"44","author":"Musi\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Control."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2021.3106386","article-title":"Decentralized control of a heterogeneous human\u2013robot team for exploration and patrolling","volume":"19","author":"Aggravi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Aigner, B. McCarragher, Shared control framework applied to a robotic aid for the blind, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1998, pp. 717\u2013722.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.1998.677058"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7989","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2021.3100603","article-title":"Autonomy in physical human\u2013robot interaction: A brief survey","volume":"6","author":"Selvaggio","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.K. Law, Y.S. Xu, Shared control for navigation and balance of a dynamically stable robot, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2002, pp. 1985\u20131990.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2002.1014832"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/JRA.1986.1087032","article-title":"A robust layered control system for a mobile robot","volume":"2","author":"Brooks","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE J. Robot. Autom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Urdiales, A. Poncela, I. Sanchez-Tato, et al., Efficiency based reactive shared control for collaborative human\/robot navigation, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2007, pp. 3586\u20133591.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2007.4399288"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/027836498600500106","article-title":"Real-time obstacle avoidance for manipulators and mobile robots","volume":"5","author":"Khatib","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3476412","article-title":"Evaluating human\u2013robot interaction algorithms in shared autonomy via quality diversity scenario generation","volume":"11","author":"Fontaine","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Hum.-Robot Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b48","series-title":"Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning","author":"Lillicrap","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b49","unstructured":"S. Fujimoto, H. Hoof, D. Meger, et al., Addressing function approximation error in actor-critic methods, in: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, 2018, pp. 1587\u20131596."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1049\/csy2.12036","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning for shared control of mobile robots","volume":"3","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"IET Cyber-Syst. Robot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Schwartz, A reinforcement learning method for maximizing undiscounted rewards, in: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Machine Learning, 1993, pp. 298\u2013305.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-307-3.50045-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364920933654","article-title":"Task-based hybrid shared control for training through forceful interaction","volume":"39","author":"Fitzsimons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b53","first-page":"538","article-title":"Design of simulation system for UGVs based on human in the loop","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Syst. Eng. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b54","first-page":"1390","article-title":"Design of team formation simulation system for unmanned ground vehicles based on USARSim and ROS","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Autom. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b55","unstructured":"R. Murphy, R.R. Murphy, J.J. Sprouse, Strategies for searching an area with semi-autonomous mobile robots, in: Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference on Robotics for Challenging Environments, 1996, pp. 15\u201321."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10514-007-9055-6","article-title":"Model-based control architecture for attentive robots in rescue scenarios","volume":"24","author":"Carbone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Auton. Robot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Menna, M. Gianni, F. Ferri, et al., Real-time autonomous 3D navigation for tracked vehicles in rescue environments, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2014, pp. 696\u2013702.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2014.6942634"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/100.580977","article-title":"The dynamic window approach to collision avoidance","volume":"4","author":"Fox","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b59","unstructured":"P. Inigo-Blasco, F. Diaz del Rio, S.V. Diaz, et al., The shared control dynamic window approach for non-holonomic semi-autonomous robots, in: Proceedings of the 41st International Symposium on Robotics, 2014, pp. 1\u20136."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1109\/70.88137","article-title":"The vector field histogram fast obstacle avoidance for mobile robots","volume":"7","author":"Boernstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Robot. Autom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Ulrich, J. Borenstein, VFH+: reliable obstacle avoidance for fast mobile robots, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1998, pp. 1572\u20131577.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.1998.677362"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Pappas, M. Chiou, G.T. Epsimos, et al., VFH+ based shared control for remotely operated mobile robots, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics, 2020, pp. 366\u2013373.","DOI":"10.1109\/SSRR50563.2020.9292585"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.C. Jugade, A.C. Victorino, V.B. Cherfaoui, Shared driving control between human and autonomous driving system via conflict resolution using non-cooperative game theory, in: Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference, 2019, pp. 2141\u20132147.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2019.8917196"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Shour, H. Pousseur, A.C. Victorino, et al., Shared decision-making forward an autonomous navigation for intelligent vehicles, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 2021, pp. 1634\u20131640.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC52423.2021.9659077"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Jugade, A.C. Victorino, Grid based estimation of decision uncertainty of autonomous driving systems using belief function theory, in: Proceedings of the 15th IFAC Symposium on Control in Transportation Systems, 2018, pp. 261\u2013266.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.07.043"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2021.112566","article-title":"Sensing system of environmental perception technologies for driverless vehicle: A review of state of the art and challenges","volume":"319","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A"}],"container-title":["Robotics and Autonomous Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0921889026001405?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0921889026001405?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T16:19:39Z","timestamp":1781281179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0921889026001405"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S0921889026001405"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467","relation":{},"ISSN":["0921-8890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0921-8890","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Shared control for autonomous robotic navigation: A review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Robotics and Autonomous Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.robot.2026.105467","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105467"}}