{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:16:20Z","timestamp":1788952580242,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T15:47:11Z","timestamp":1785512831000},"page":"103334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A diamond-shaped cellular automaton platform for microscopic bicycle flow simulation and heterogeneous traffic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6867-8555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0332-636X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0001","series-title":"Ver\u00e4nderungen im Mobilit\u00e4tsverhalten zur F\u00f6rderung Einer Nachhaltigen Mobilit\u00e4t-Schlussbericht","author":"Kuhnimhof","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/01441640701806612","article-title":"Making cycling irresistible: lessons from the Netherlands, Denmark and Germany","volume":"28","author":"Pucher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transp. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2015.1033036","article-title":"Bikeshare: a review of recent literature","volume":"36","author":"Fishman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transp. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.03.004","article-title":"Factors influencing the choice of shared bicycles and shared electric bikes in Beijing","volume":"67","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/17450101.2021.1897236","article-title":"The rise of the e-bike: towards an extension of the practice of cycling?","volume":"16","author":"R\u00e9rat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mobilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0006","series-title":"Electric Bicycle (E-Bike) Trends, Impacts, and Opportunities: Literature Review Summary","author":"Korn","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0007","first-page":"225","article-title":"Estimating cycleway capacity and bicycle equivalent unit for electric bicycles","volume":"77","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105132","article-title":"Changing the urban design of cities for health: the superblock model","volume":"134","author":"Mueller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0009","article-title":"Mode-choice modelling of a sustainable mobility transition considering different bicycle types","volume":"200","author":"de Freitas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2023.103663","article-title":"The E-Bike City as a radical shift toward zero-emission transport: sustainable? Equitable? Desirable?","volume":"111","author":"Ballo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transp. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0011","first-page":"65","article-title":"Traffic operation of bicycle traffic","volume":"1320","author":"Botma","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2015.06.054","article-title":"Experimental study for estimating capacity of cycle lanes","volume":"8","author":"Seriani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3141\/1852-14","article-title":"Saturation flow rate, start-up lost time, and capacity for bicycles at signalized intersections","volume":"1852","author":"Raksuntorn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0014","first-page":"31","article-title":"Bicycle traffic flow characteristics: experimental results and comparisons","volume":"64","author":"Navin","year":"1994","journal-title":"ITE J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2021.103012","article-title":"Bicycle flow dynamics on wide roads: experiments and simulation","volume":"125","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2020.102884","article-title":"Influencing the queue configuration to increase bicycle jam density and discharge rate: an experimental study on a single path","volume":"122","author":"Wierbos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3141\/2140-17","article-title":"Modeling bicycle facility operation: cellular automaton approach","author":"Gould","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/213204","article-title":"A modified cellular automaton approach for mixed bicycle traffic flow modeling","volume":"2015","author":"Shan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Discrete Dyn. Nat. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2007-00116-5","article-title":"Multi-value cellular automata model for mixed bicycle flow","volume":"56","author":"Jia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Phys. J. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7709","DOI":"10.1088\/0305-4470\/33\/43\/304","article-title":"Multi-value cellular automaton models and metastable states in a congested phase","volume":"33","author":"Nishinari","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phys. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.06.012","article-title":"Modelling cyclist queue formation using a two-layer framework for operational cycling behaviour","volume":"105","author":"Gavriilidou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2024.102986","article-title":"Microscopic simulation of bicycle traffic flow incorporating cyclists\u2019 heterogeneous dynamics and non-lane-based movement strategies","volume":"135","author":"Brunner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Simul. Model. Pract. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0023","series-title":"SUMO Conference Proceedings","first-page":"55","article-title":"The State of bicycle modeling in SUMO","volume":"4","author":"Roosta","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2016.1162874","article-title":"The increasing role of latent variables in modelling bicycle mode choice","volume":"36","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transp. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/01441640903187001","article-title":"Commuting by bicycle: an overview of the literature","volume":"30","author":"Heinen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transp. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0026","first-page":"495","article-title":"Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: an international review","volume":"28","author":"Pucher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2013.860204","article-title":"Promoting cycling for transport: research needs and challenges","volume":"34","author":"Handy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transp. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2015.1069908","article-title":"Bikeway networks: a review of effects on cycling","volume":"36","author":"Buehler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transp. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2016.1200156","article-title":"Cycling provision separated from motor traffic: a systematic review exploring whether stated preferences vary by gender and age","volume":"37","author":"Aldred","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2015.06.054","article-title":"Experimental study for estimating capacity of cycle lanes","volume":"8","author":"Seriani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.11.209","article-title":"Comparative analysis of pedestrian, bicycle and car traffic moving in circuits","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2017.09.004","article-title":"A unified follow-the-leader model for vehicle, bicycle and pedestrian traffic","volume":"105","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198119839974","article-title":"Large-scale bicycle flow experiment: setup and implementation","volume":"2673","author":"Gavriilidou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198119840347","article-title":"Capacity, Capacity drop, and relation of Capacity to the path width in bicycle traffic","volume":"2673","author":"Wierbos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3487","DOI":"10.3390\/su13063487","article-title":"Calibrating the Wiedemann 99 car-following model for bicycle traffic","volume":"13","author":"Kaths","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1088\/0305-4470\/37\/6\/007","article-title":"Stochastic multi-value cellular automata models for bicycle flow","volume":"37","author":"Jiang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Phys.A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2015.07.031","article-title":"An improved multi-value cellular automata model for heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow","volume":"379","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12445","article-title":"Lane width-based cellular automata model for mixed bicycle traffic flow","volume":"34","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput.-Aided Civil Infrastruct. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2020.102265","article-title":"A modified social force model for high-density through bicycle flow at mixed-traffic intersections","volume":"108","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Simul. Model. Pract. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0040","article-title":"New microscopic dynamic model for bicyclists' riding strategies","volume":"144","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Transport. Eng. Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2024.103036","article-title":"Do the sparser access points have less impact on arterial traffic? A microscopic simulation-based study","volume":"138","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Simul. Model. Pract. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2025.130550","article-title":"Bicycle longitudinal elastic cellular automaton model based on behavior characteristics analysis","volume":"667","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physica A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3141\/2434-17","article-title":"Bicycles in urban areas: review of existing methods for modeling behavior","volume":"2434","author":"Twaddle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0044","first-page":"2221","article-title":"A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic","volume":"2","author":"Nagel","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Phys. I"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4371(96)00314-7","article-title":"Particle hopping models for two-lane traffic with two kinds of vehicles: effects of lane-changing rules","volume":"235","author":"Chowdhury","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physica A Stat. Mech. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0046","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modeling mixed bicycle traffic flow: a comparative study on the cellular automata approach","volume":"2015","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Discrete Dyn. Nat. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0047","series-title":"Separated Bike Lane Planning and Design Guide","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0048","unstructured":"N. A. o. C. T. ion Officials. (Island Press, 2014)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0049","unstructured":"D. f. Transport. (The Stationery Office London, UK, 2008)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2024.104489","article-title":"A behaviourally underpinned approach for two-dimensional vehicular trajectory reconstruction with constrained optimal control","volume":"159","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transport. Res. Part C"}],"container-title":["Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569190X26000833?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1569190X26000833?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:43:45Z","timestamp":1788950625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1569190X26000833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S1569190X26000833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-190X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1569-190X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A diamond-shaped cellular automaton platform for microscopic bicycle flow simulation and heterogeneous traffic analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.simpat.2026.103334","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103334"}}