{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T04:27:31Z","timestamp":1786508851253,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["535733258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["535733258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008316","name":"Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001661","name":"Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100027938","name":"Better Scientific Software","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100027938","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SoftwareX"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T18:44:56Z","timestamp":1777142696000},"page":"102670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["py4dgeo: Open-source scientific software for topographic change analysis in 3D\/4D geographic point clouds"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Anders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kempf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Andriushchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Hulskemper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Isensee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Kapitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Tabernig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Weiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Winiwarter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Zahs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"H\u00f6fle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13081460","article-title":"Multi-epoch and multi-imagery (MEMI) photogrammetric workflow for enhanced change detection using time-lapse cameras","volume":"13","author":"Blanch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0010","article-title":"Permanent terrestrial laser scanning for near-continuous environmental observations: systems, methods, challenges and applications","volume":"17","author":"Lindenbergh","year":"2025","journal-title":"ISPRS Open J Photogramm Remote Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2016.09.013","article-title":"3D change detection \u2013 approaches and applications","volume":"122","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0020","series-title":"Proceedings of the 6th joint international symposium on deformation monitoring (JISDM), karlsruhe, Germany","article-title":"Aimon5. 0-real-time monitoring of gravitational mass movements for critical infrastructure risk management with ai-assisted 3D metrology","author":"Czerwonka-Schr\u00f6der","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.5194\/esurf-5-293-2017","article-title":"Automated terrestrial laser scanning with near-real-time change detection \u2013 monitoring of the S\u00e9chilienne landslide","volume":"5","author":"Kromer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Earth Surf Dynam"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3232338","article-title":"Monitoring critical infrastructure using 3D lidar point clouds","volume":"11","author":"Sharifisoraki","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0035","article-title":"Temporal aggregation of point clouds improves permanent laser scanning of landslides in forested areas","volume":"12","author":"Tabernig","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Remote Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-annals-V-2-2021-153-2021","article-title":"Automated and permanent long-range terrestrial laser scanning in a high mountain environment: setup and first results","volume":"V-2-2021","author":"Voordendag","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISPRS Ann Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inf Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.08.018","article-title":"Beyond 3-d: the new spectrum of lidar applications for earth and ecological sciences","volume":"186","author":"Eitel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0050","first-page":"W19","article-title":"Change detection on points cloud data acquired with a ground laser scanner","volume":"36","author":"Girardeau-Montaut","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int arch photogramm remote sens spat inf sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.04.009","article-title":"Accurate 3D comparison of complex topography with terrestrial laser scanner: application to the rangitikei canyon (n-z)","volume":"82","author":"Lague","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens"},{"issue":"65","key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03471","article-title":"\u2018Pointcloudset\u2019: efficient analysis of large datasets of point clouds recorded over time","volume":"6","author":"Goelles","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1109\/34.121791","article-title":"A method for registration of 3-D shapes","volume":"14","author":"Besl","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0075","first-page":"161","article-title":"Supervoxel-based targetless registration and identification of stable areas for deformed point clouds","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Appl Geod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2021.06.011","article-title":"M3c2-EP: pushing the limits of 3D topographic point cloud change detection by error propagation","author":"Winiwarter","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2021.11.018","article-title":"Correspondence-driven plane-based m3c2 for lower uncertainty in 3D topographic change quantification","volume":"183","author":"Zahs","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2021.01.015","article-title":"Fully automatic spatiotemporal segmentation of 3D lidar time series for the extraction of natural surface changes","author":"Anders","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s12518-025-00623-9","article-title":"Automated change detection in photogrammetric 4D point clouds \u2013 transferability and extension of 4D objects-by-change for monitoring riverbank dynamics using low-cost cameras","volume":"17","author":"Ulm","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Geomat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5194\/esurf-9-89-2021","article-title":"Coastal change patterns from time series clustering of permanent laser scan data","volume":"9","author":"Kuschnerus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth Surf Dynam"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0105","series-title":"Identifying high alpine geomorphological processes using permanent laser scanning time series","author":"Frantzen","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W2-2022-53-2022","article-title":"Characterization of morphological surface activities derived from near-continuous terrestrial lidar time series","author":"Hulskemper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0115","article-title":"A concise guide to good practices for automated testing and documentation of research software","volume":"83","author":"Fritz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Electron Commun EASST"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0120","author":"Guennebaud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0125","author":"Blanco"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-989-2023","article-title":"E-TRAINEE: open e-learning course on time series analysis in remote sensing","volume":"XLVIII-1\/W2-2023","author":"Pot\u016f\u010dkov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0135","series-title":"E-TRAINEE - datasets","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.5194\/esurf-11-117-2023","article-title":"Multi-sensor monitoring and data integration reveal cyclical destabilization of the \u00c4u\u00dferes hochebenkar rock glacier","volume":"11","author":"Hartl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth Surf Dynam"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01291-9","article-title":"A high-resolution 4D terrestrial laser scan dataset of the kijkduin beach-dune system, the Netherlands","volume":"9","author":"Vos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2022.3148920","article-title":"Improving change analysis from near-continuous 3D time series by considering full temporal information","author":"Anders","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670_bib0155","series-title":"Proceedings of the 6th joint international symposium on deformation monitoring (JISDM), karlsruhe, Germany","article-title":"A hierarchical approach for near real-time 3D surface change analysis of permanent laser scanning point clouds","author":"Tabernig","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["SoftwareX"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352711026001627?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352711026001627?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T03:36:36Z","timestamp":1786505796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352711026001627"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S2352711026001627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-7110"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-7110","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"py4dgeo: Open-source scientific software for topographic change analysis in 3D\/4D geographic point clouds","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"SoftwareX","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.softx.2026.102670","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102670"}}