{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T22:45:41Z","timestamp":1785883541681,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015624","name":"University of Jeddah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UJ-25-DR-1379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UJ-25-DR-1379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:16:08Z","timestamp":1781136968000},"page":"101408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Energy-efficient cluster-based routing in wireless sensor networks using a hybrid grey wolf and whale optimization algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Eesa","family":"Alsolami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib1","article-title":"Energy-efficient cluster head selection in wireless sensor networks using an improved grey wolf optimization algorithm","volume":"12","author":"Reddy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib2","first-page":"226","article-title":"Energy-efficient cluster based routing for hybrid wireless sensor networks using adaptive hybrid cuckoo search and grey wolf optimization algorithm","volume":"14","author":"Rangappa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Eng. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aci.2018.02.004","article-title":"Energy-efficient chain-cluster based intelligent routing technique for wireless sensor networks","volume":"16","author":"Ramluckun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Comput. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.07.160","article-title":"Energy efficient clustering and routing in a wireless sensor networks","volume":"134","author":"A. G. R","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s44196-024-00651-0","article-title":"An energy-efficient bio-inspired mobility-aware cluster p-WOA algorithm for intelligent whale optimization and fuzzy-logic-based zonal clustering algorithm in FANET","volume":"17","author":"Karpagalakshmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2018.2879883","article-title":"Cost-Efficient Service Function Chain Orchestration for Low-Latency Applications in NFV Networks","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib7","first-page":"61","article-title":"Energy efficient based optimized K-means and modified whale optimization algorithm for cluster head selection in WSN","volume":"101","author":"Kaviarasan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Theor. Appl. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108185","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3438191","article-title":"Hybrid genetic algorithm driven dynamic clustering for energy efficient routing","volume":"12","author":"Jayachandran","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2884525","article-title":"V2V Routing in a VANET Based on the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model","volume":"68","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2023.3288810","article-title":"Target-Driven Visual Navigation by Using Causal Intervention","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib11","article-title":"AI and digitization in achieving clean energy","volume":"22","author":"Awogbemi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intell. Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.12.161","article-title":"Comparison of energy-efficient cluster routing algorithms","volume":"72","author":"Dehghani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib13","first-page":"77","article-title":"An optimal routing protocol using multi-objective whale optimization algorithm for wireless sensor networks","volume":"10","author":"Nabavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Smart Electr. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib14","first-page":"3795","article-title":"Intelligent cluster optimization algorithm for body area networks","volume":"67","author":"Mushtaq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Mater. Contin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202200131","article-title":"TASTA: Text-Assisted Spatial and Temporal Attention Network for Video Question Answering","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.9734\/ajrcos\/2024\/v17i12530","article-title":"Information governance in AI-driven cloud ecosystem","volume":"17","author":"Salako","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J. Res. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-023-06269-4","article-title":"Optimizing IoT-enabled WSN routing strategies using whale optimization","volume":"56","author":"Vijayan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opt. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/527928","article-title":"Energy-efficient cluster-based routing protocol","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77398","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2922060","article-title":"Multi-layer cluster based energy efficient routing scheme","volume":"7","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.3390\/e24101366","article-title":"Clustering scheme based on whale optimization algorithm","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19886","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3205017","article-title":"Energy Consumption Minimization for Data Collection From Wirelessly-Powered IoT Sensors: Session-Specific Optimal Design With DRL","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Constellation as a Service: Tailored Connectivity Management in Direct-Satellite-to-Device Networks","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1145\/3689341","article-title":"GraphService: Topology-aware Constructor for Large-scale Graph Applications","volume":"22","author":"Gan","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Secure cluster based routing using moth flame optimization","volume":"17","author":"Shivakumaraswamy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Eng. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3750450","article-title":"TianheGraph: Topology-aware Graph Processing","author":"Gan","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145248","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3118960","article-title":"Smart healthcare in the age of AI","volume":"9","author":"Nasr","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-025-01174-x","article-title":"Leveraging machine learning to proactively identify phishing campaigns before they strike","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Big Data"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4289-6","article-title":"A formal model for multiagent Q-learning on graphs","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. China Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83005-2","article-title":"African vulture optimization algorithm for WSN","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app122110948","article-title":"Optimized routing using grey wolf and dragonfly optimization","volume":"12","author":"Younus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib31","series-title":"Swarm Intelligence Optimization: Algorithms and Applications","first-page":"207","article-title":"Swarm intelligence\u2013based energy-efficient clustering algorithms for WSN: Overview of algorithms, analysis, and applications","author":"Devika","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/en15145237","article-title":"Multi-objective energy efficient whale optimization routing","volume":"15","author":"Bali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-09015-9","article-title":"Internet of things energy efficient cluster-based routing using hybrid particle swarm optimization for wireless sensor network","volume":"122","author":"Senthil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wirel. Personal. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83751","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3087602","article-title":"Hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for routing in WSN","volume":"9","author":"Al-Otaibi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib35","article-title":"Multi-objective-trust aware improved pelican optimization approach for secure and energy efficient clustering and routing in wireless sensor network","volume":"18","author":"Tadigotla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Eng. & Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1049\/cmu2.12169","article-title":"Hybrid optimization algorithm for cluster head selection","volume":"15","author":"Reddy","year":"2021","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16640","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66392-4","article-title":"Fuzzy logic-based whale optimization for routing","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib38","first-page":"72","article-title":"Energy-efficient cluster head selection using hybrid sandpiper competitive swarm optimization in wireless sensor networks","author":"Mageshwaran","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Signal. Image Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib39","first-page":"546","article-title":"Swarm-based optimization for WSN lifetime","volume":"39","author":"Theja","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Data Acquis. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib40","first-page":"19","article-title":"Federated learning applications and challenges","volume":"18","author":"Bharati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hybrid. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/nem.2244","article-title":"Load balancing clustering and routing for IoT-enabled wireless sensor networks","volume":"33","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Netw. Manag."}],"container-title":["Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210537926001186?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2210537926001186?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T21:57:35Z","timestamp":1785880655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2210537926001186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S2210537926001186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-5379"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-5379","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Energy-efficient cluster-based routing in wireless sensor networks using a hybrid grey wolf and whale optimization algorithm","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.suscom.2026.101408","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101408"}}