{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:05:25Z","timestamp":1779883525822,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12373113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12373113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12475196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12475196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Systems Architecture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:30:19Z","timestamp":1775842219000},"page":"103805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Accelerating string search: A microarchitecture-aware index for variable-length data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Yuanliang","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chujun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zikang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7417-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.14778\/3594512.3594528","article-title":"Learned index: A comprehensive experimental evaluation","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b2","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","first-page":"969","article-title":"ALEX: An updatable adaptive learned index","author":"Ding","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.14778\/3457390.3457393","article-title":"Updatable learned index with precise positions","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.14778\/3681954.3682010","article-title":"LITS: An optimized learned index for strings","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b5","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Management of Data","first-page":"521","article-title":"HOT: A height optimized trie index for main-memory database systems","author":"Binna","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b6","series-title":"2013 IEEE 29th International Conference on Data Engineering","first-page":"38","article-title":"The adaptive radix tree: Artful indexing for main-memory databases","author":"Leis","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.14778\/3659437.3659439","article-title":"Accelerating string-key learned index structures via memoization-based incremental training","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b8","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Management of Data","first-page":"489","article-title":"The case for learned index structures","author":"Kraska","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b9","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","first-page":"475","article-title":"Making B+- trees cache conscious in main memory","author":"Rao","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b10","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","first-page":"783","article-title":"On active learning of record matching packages","author":"Arasu","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.14778\/3725688.3725691","article-title":"FB+-tree: A memory-optimized B+-tree with latch-free update","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.14778\/3389133.3389135","article-title":"The PGM-index: A fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds","volume":"13","author":"Ferragina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b13","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Management of Data","first-page":"1189","article-title":"FITing-tree: A data-aware index structure","author":"Galakatos","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b14","series-title":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems","first-page":"17","article-title":"SIndex: A scalable learned index for string keys","author":"Wang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b15","series-title":"Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Exploiting Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Data Management","first-page":"1","article-title":"RadixSpline: A single-pass learned index","author":"Kipf","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.14778\/3494124.3494141","article-title":"APEX: A high-performance learned index on persistent memory","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3634915","article-title":"WIPE: A write-optimized learned index for persistent memory","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.14778\/3565816.3565826","article-title":"PLIN: A persistent learned index for non-volatile memory with high performance and instant recovery","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9517","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2023.3342825","article-title":"When learned indexes meet persistent memory: The analysis and the optimization","volume":"36","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b20","series-title":"2022 IEEE 38th International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops","first-page":"117","article-title":"Learned index on GPU","author":"Zhong","year":"2022"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2024.3381214","article-title":"G-learned index: Enabling efficient learned index on GPU","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b22","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","first-page":"985","article-title":"Learning multi-dimensional indexes","author":"Nathan","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.14778\/3425879.3425880","article-title":"Tsunami: A learned multi-dimensional index for correlated data and skewed workloads","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b24","series-title":"Proceedings of the 14th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation","first-page":"155","article-title":"From WiscKey to bourbon: A learned index for log-structured merge trees","author":"Dai","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b25","series-title":"2023 International Conference on High Performance Big Data and Intelligent Systems","first-page":"162","article-title":"From LeanStore to LearnedStore: Using a learned index to improve database index search","author":"Maharjan","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b26","series-title":"A simple yet high-performing on-disk learned index: Can we have our cake and eat it too?","author":"Lan","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3768575","article-title":"A survey of learned indexes for the multi-dimensional space","volume":"58","author":"Al-Mamun","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-024-00893-6","article-title":"How good are multi-dimensional learned indexes? An experimental survey","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"VLDB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b29","series-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on Testing Database Systems","first-page":"16","article-title":"Benchmarking learned and LSM indexes for data sortedness","author":"Raman","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.14778\/3510397.3510405","article-title":"A critical analysis of recursive model indexes","volume":"15","author":"Maltry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b31","series-title":"Order-preserving key compression for in-memory search trees","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b32","series-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on Data Management on New Hardware","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vectorized bloom filters for advanced SIMD processors","author":"Polychroniou","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b33","series-title":"reddit","author":"Kaggle","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b34","series-title":"wiki","author":"Wikimedia Foundation","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b35","series-title":"address","author":"OpenAddresses","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b36","series-title":"dblp","author":"DBLP Computer Science Bibliography","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805_b37","series-title":"geoname","author":"Kaggle","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Journal of Systems Architecture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383762126001232?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1383762126001232?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:13:01Z","timestamp":1779880381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1383762126001232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1383762126001232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-7621"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-7621","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Accelerating string search: A microarchitecture-aware index for variable-length data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Systems Architecture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103805","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103805"}}