{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:38:49Z","timestamp":1773934729808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62120106011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62120106011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52172323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52172323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFB4704000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB4704000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L231017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L231017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Systems & Control Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T17:28:09Z","timestamp":1766424489000},"page":"106331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fixed-time containment control by non-eternally adaptive estimation for nonlinear dynamical systems with irregular disturbance"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Kexing","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2750-3308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3604933","article-title":"Mobile edge computing and machine learning in the internet of unmanned aerial vehicles: a survey","volume":"56","author":"Ning","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2022.105410","article-title":"Unmanned aerial vehicles: Control methods and future challenges","volume":"9","author":"Zuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J. Autom. Sin."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2877171","article-title":"Cooperative prescribed performance tracking control for multiple high-speed trains in moving block signaling system","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.23919\/cje.2022.00.253","article-title":"Virtual coupling trains based on multi-agent system under communication delay","volume":"33","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15251","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2025.3567964","article-title":"Reinforced prescribed performance control for virtually-coupled trains with saltatory targets and switching constraints","volume":"22","author":"Si","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2025.02.019","article-title":"Safety prescribed performance control of virtually-coupled trains with multifold kinematic targets and switching constraints","volume":"160","author":"Si","year":"2025","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2023.123231","article-title":"Robust consensus tracking control of uncertain multi-agent systems with local disturbance rejection","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J. Autom. Sin."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2023.3246001","article-title":"Dynamic event-triggered reinforcement learning-based consensus tracking of nonlinear multi-agent systems","volume":"70","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I. Regul. Pap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2022.10.038","article-title":"Iterative learning approach for consensus tracking of partial difference multi-agent systems with control delay under switching topology","volume":"136","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b10","article-title":"Game-based adaptive fuzzy optimal bipartite containment of nonlinear multi-agent systems","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Periodic event-triggered bipartite containment control for nonlinear multi-agent systems with iuput delay","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b12","article-title":"Distributed formation containment control for multi-agent systems via dynamic event-triggering communication mechanism","volume":"482","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2022.09.035","article-title":"Hybrid event-triggered impulsive flocking control for multi-agent systems via pinning mechanism","volume":"114","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2023.111434","article-title":"Adaptive backstepping control for multiple Euler\u2013Lagrangian systems with independent dynamic communication","volume":"160","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2023.110857","article-title":"Distributed adaptive formation control of multi-agent systems with measurement noises","volume":"150","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.7128","article-title":"Bipartite containment of heterogeneous multi-agent systems under denial-of-service attacks: A historical information-based control scheme","volume":"34","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Internat. J. Robust Nonlinear Control"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4802","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.7233","article-title":"Adaptive containment control of heterogeneous high-order fully actuated multi-agent systems","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Internat. J. Robust Nonlinear Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1002\/rnc.7004","article-title":"Optimal containment control for a class of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with actuator faults","volume":"34","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Internat. J. Robust Nonlinear Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2024.105994","article-title":"Adaptive output feedback containment control for parabolic PDE multi-agent systems","volume":"196","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Systems Control Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b20","article-title":"Event-based adaptive sliding-mode containment control for multiple networked mechanical systems with parameter uncertainties","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2022.06.040","article-title":"Finite-time consensus for the second-order leader-following nonlinear multi-agent system with event-triggered communication","volume":"359","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Franklin Inst."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b22","first-page":"2894","article-title":"Finite-time output regulation of linear heterogeneous multi-agent systems using smooth control","volume":"70","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12267","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-023-08493-9","article-title":"Finite-time consensus of nonlinear delayed multi-agent system via state-constraint impulsive control under switching topologies","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dynam."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2023.3245139","article-title":"Finite-time time-varying formation tracking for heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent systems using adaptive output regulation","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2024.106788","article-title":"Fast finite-time control for a class of stochastic low-order nonlinear system with uncertainties","volume":"361","author":"Shao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Franklin Inst."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2011.2179869","article-title":"Nonlinear feedback design for fixed-time stabilization of linear control systems","volume":"57","author":"Polyakov","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.06.003","article-title":"Fixed-time consensus tracking control with connectivity preservation for strict-feedback nonlinear multi-agent systems","volume":"123","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2023.03.010","article-title":"Fixed-time sliding-mode distributed consensus and formation control of disturbed fractional-order multi-agent systems","volume":"138","author":"Zamani","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5106","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2023.3261347","article-title":"Finite-time distributed average tracking for a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems with external disturbances","volume":"53","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern.: Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b30","article-title":"Fixed-time leader-following consensus of multi-agent systems with intermittent control","volume":"438","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2024.111574","article-title":"Adaptive backstepping control for uncertain nonlinear strict-feedback systems with full state triggering","volume":"163","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2010.09.005","article-title":"Distributed finite-time attitude containment control for multiple rigid bodies","volume":"46","author":"Meng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1080\/00207721.2014.925608","article-title":"Distributed robust finite-time nonlinear consensus protocols for multi-agent systems","volume":"47","author":"Zuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1137\/0324047","article-title":"Finite time controllers","volume":"24","author":"Haimo","year":"1986","journal-title":"SIAM J. Control Optim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b35","series-title":"Inequalities","author":"Hardy","year":"1952"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1109\/9.935058","article-title":"A continuous feedback approach to global strong stabilization of nonlinear systems","volume":"46","author":"Qian","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/00207179.2012.717722","article-title":"Distributed finite-time tracking control for nonlinear multi-agent systems subject to external disturbances","volume":"86","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Internat. J. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2024.105983","article-title":"Adaptive leaderless consensus of MIMO multi-agent systems with unknown dynamics and nonlinear dynamic uncertainties","volume":"196","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Systems Control Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2024.3457811","article-title":"Cloud-based distributed group asynchronous consensus for switched nonlinear cyber-physical systems","volume":"21","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2025.3550864","article-title":"Distributed estimator-based fuzzy containment control for nonlinear multiagent systems with deferred constraints","volume":"33","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2024.3431709","article-title":"Intermittent fault diagnosis of dynamic systems with model uncertainty and disturbance: An adaptive nondeterministic observer approach","volume":"74","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Reliab."}],"container-title":["Systems & Control Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167691125003135?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167691125003135?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:28:20Z","timestamp":1773926900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167691125003135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0167691125003135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-6911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-6911","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fixed-time containment control by non-eternally adaptive estimation for nonlinear dynamical systems with irregular disturbance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Systems & Control Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sysconle.2025.106331","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106331"}}