{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T04:03:59Z","timestamp":1780027439120,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004070","name":"Khalifa University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vehicular Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:47:46Z","timestamp":1774658866000},"page":"101025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Secure and efficient blockchain-assisted group authentication scheme for vehicular digital twin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Hyeran","family":"Mun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyusuk","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4355-4041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khouloud El","family":"Edlebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Damiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Ku","family":"Yeun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Yeob","family":"Yeun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14439","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3129484","article-title":"Secure privacy-preserving V2V communication in 5G-V2X supporting network slicing","volume":"23","author":"Mun","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3310070","article-title":"Trust management strategy for digital twins in vehicular ad hoc networks","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.1900587","article-title":"Intelligent digital twin-based software-defined vehicular networks","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/17445760.2024.2398082","article-title":"Priority-based inter-twin communication in vehicular digital twin networks","volume":"41","author":"Zia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Parallel Emergent Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167653","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2953499","article-title":"A survey on digital twin: definitions, characteristics, applications, and design implications","volume":"7","author":"Barricelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.06.017","article-title":"Review of digital twin about concepts, technologies, and industrial applications","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12407","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3368342","article-title":"Secure and flexible data sharing with dual privacy protection in vehicular digital twin networks","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14965","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3263909","article-title":"A survey on digital twins: architecture, enabling technologies, security and privacy, and future prospects","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.002.2200015","article-title":"Security and privacy in vehicular digital twin networks: challenges and solutions","volume":"30","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.020.2200609","article-title":"Digital twin for wireless networks: security attacks and solutions","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4804","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2024.3378579","article-title":"Digital twin and cyber-physical system integration in commercial vehicles: latest concepts, challenges and opportunities","volume":"9","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2023.3317320","article-title":"Privacy attacks and defenses for digital twin migrations in vehicular metaverses","volume":"37","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2020.2988637","article-title":"Schnorr-based implicit certification: improving the security and efficiency of vehicular communications","volume":"70","author":"Barreto","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0014","series-title":"2018 28th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A scalable and efficient PKI-based authentication protocol for VANETs","author":"Asghar","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5403","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2977829","article-title":"Fbia: a fog-based identity authentication scheme for privacy preservation in internet of vehicles","volume":"69","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6633","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3059638","article-title":"PLVA: privacy-preserving and lightweight V2I authentication protocol","volume":"23","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110391","article-title":"Provably secure fog-based authentication protocol for VANETs","volume":"246","author":"Awais","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0018","series-title":"2023 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication, Embedded and Secure Systems (ACCESS)","first-page":"226","article-title":"Soteria: a blockchain-assisted lightweight and efficient certificateless handover authentication mechanism for VANET","author":"Anilkumar","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2020.2978866","article-title":"B-TSCA: blockchain-assisted trustworthiness scalable computation for V2I authentication in VANETs","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5836","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2972923","article-title":"An efficient decentralized key management mechanism for VANET with blockchain","volume":"69","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0021","series-title":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","first-page":"47","article-title":"EIoVChain: towards authentication and secure communication based blockchain for internet of vehicles (IoV)","author":"Kumar","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0022","article-title":"EASBF: an efficient authentication scheme over blockchain for fog computing-enabled internet of vehicles","volume":"59","author":"Eddine","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inf. Secur. Appl."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7866","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3355711","article-title":"Blockchain-based batch authentication scheme for internet of vehicles","volume":"73","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2023.108959","article-title":"Blockchain-based applications and energy effective electric vehicle charging\u2013a systematic literature review, challenges, comparative analysis and opportunities","volume":"112","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1049\/cmu2.12778","article-title":"A literature review on V2X communications security: foundation, solutions, status, and future","volume":"18","author":"Ying","year":"2024","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75365","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3191414","article-title":"On the design of a privacy-preserving communication scheme for cloud-based digital twin environments using blockchain","volume":"10","author":"Son","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26877","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3249116","article-title":"An effective privacy-preserving blockchain-assisted security protocol for cloud-based digital twin environment","volume":"11","author":"Thakur","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2023.108889","article-title":"BPADTA: blockchain-based privacy-preserving authentication scheme for digital twin empowered aerospace industry","volume":"111","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15002","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3394438","article-title":"Blockchain assisted intra-twin and inter-twin authentication scheme for vehicular digital twin system","volume":"25","author":"Gautam","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22619","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3134002","article-title":"Digital twin consensus for blockchain-enabled intelligent transportation systems in smart cities","volume":"23","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0031","series-title":"Identity-based encryption from the weil pairing","author":"Boneh","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Diffie, M. Hellman, New directions in cryptography (1976)Democratizing cryptography: the work of Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.(2022) 365\u2013390.","DOI":"10.1145\/3549993.3550007"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1080\/24725854.2023.2253869","article-title":"The digital twin synchronization problem: framework, formulations, and analysis","volume":"56","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"IISE Transactions"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0034","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Synchronization patterns for digital twin systems","volume":"5","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16666","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3113779","article-title":"Digital twins in intelligent transportation systems: a survey","volume":"23","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0036","series-title":"Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles","first-page":"51","article-title":"Algorand: scaling byzantine agreements for cryptocurrencies","author":"Gilad","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1983.1056650","article-title":"On the security of public key protocols","volume":"29","author":"Dolev","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0038","unstructured":"Miracl library, https:\/\/github.com\/miracl\/MIRACL(2021a)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0039","unstructured":"Pairing-based cryptography Library, http:\/\/crypto.stanford.edu\/pbc\/(2021b)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2022.3142287","article-title":"Design of blockchain-based lightweight V2I handover authentication protocol for VANET","volume":"9","author":"Son","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng."}],"container-title":["Vehicular Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214209626000276?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214209626000276?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T03:42:19Z","timestamp":1780026139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214209626000276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S2214209626000276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-2096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-2096","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Secure and efficient blockchain-assisted group authentication scheme for vehicular digital twin","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vehicular Communications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vehcom.2026.101025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101025"}}