{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T04:06:54Z","timestamp":1784261214714,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032164","name":"Univerzita Obrany","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032164","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-23-0071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-23-0071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T15:52:34Z","timestamp":1774108354000},"page":"102722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A 500-mV, 124.11-nW first-order universal shadow filter based on multiple-input DDTAs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Montree","family":"Kumngern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Khateb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Kulej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattapong","family":"Thanyaratsakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Arbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126619502190","article-title":"An Active-C current-mode universal first-order filter and oscillator","volume":"28","author":"Agrawal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Circ. Syst. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2019.07.009","article-title":"Electronically controlled voltage mode first order multifunction filter using low-voltage low-power bulk-driven OTAs","volume":"91","author":"Jaikla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126620501492","article-title":"Current-mode first-order universal filter and its voltage-mode transformation","volume":"29","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Circ. Syst. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10070822","article-title":"Electronically tunable first order AP\/LP and LP\/HP filter topologies using electronically controllable second generation voltage conveyor (CVCII)","volume":"10","author":"Barile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3289","article-title":"CFOA-Based simple mixed-mode first-order universal filter configurations","volume":"50","author":"Bhaskar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Circ. Theor. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-022-02021-2","article-title":"A first-order universal filter including a grounded capacitor and two CFOAs","volume":"112","author":"Dogan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process."},{"issue":"2759","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib7","article-title":"Single VDGA-based mixed-mode electronically tunable first-order universal filter","volume":"23","author":"Roongmuanpha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib8","article-title":"CFOA-Based first-order voltage-mode universal filters","volume":"161","author":"Dogan","year":"2023","journal-title":"AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126624500385","article-title":"First-order universal active filter configuration using single VCII+","volume":"33","author":"Kaharwar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Circ. Syst. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104916","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3579494","article-title":"0.3-V 36-nW voltage-mode first-order filter based on multiple-input operational transconductance amplifier","volume":"13","author":"Kumngern","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2010.3249","article-title":"Shadow filters\u2013new family of second-order filters","volume":"46","author":"Lakys","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib12","article-title":"Shadow filters for orthogonal modification of characteristic frequency and bandwidth","volume":"46","author":"Biolkova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-016-0770-9","article-title":"A new frequency agile filter structure employing CDTA for positioning systems and secure communications","volume":"89","author":"Alaybeyoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-016-0691-7","article-title":"New current-feedack operational-amplifier based shadow filters","volume":"86","author":"Abuelma\u2019atti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cds.2016.0522","article-title":"Shadow filters based on DDCC","volume":"11","author":"Khateb","year":"2017","journal-title":"IET Circuits, Devices Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib16","series-title":"2018 International Conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences, and Technology (ICEAST), Phuket, Thailand","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fully active and minimal shadow bandpass filter","author":"Buakaew","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib17","first-page":"13","article-title":"Single-input multiple-output voltage-mode shadow filter based on VDDDAs","volume":"103","author":"Huaihongthong","year":"2019","journal-title":"AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib18","article-title":"Realization of current mode universal shadow filter","volume":"117","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib19","series-title":"2020 6th International Conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology (ICEAST)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Voltage differencing gain amplifier-based shadow filter: a comparison study","author":"Moonmuang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126622502486","article-title":"Boosting the quality factor of the shadow bandpass filter","volume":"31","author":"Buakaew","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Circ. Syst. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib21","first-page":"239","article-title":"Mixed-mode universal filter using FD-CCCTA and its extension as shadow filter","volume":"52","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. MIDEM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib22","article-title":"Compact realization of MISO shadow filters based on DDCC","volume":"200","author":"Shekhar","year":"2025","journal-title":"AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4040","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3884","article-title":"First-order universal shadow filter designs with scaled time constants","volume":"52","author":"Nako","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Circ. Theor. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.1987.1052715","article-title":"A versatile building block: the CMOS differential difference amplifier","volume":"22","author":"Sackinger","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-cds:19960223","article-title":"CMOS differential difference current conveyors and their applications","volume":"143","author":"Chiu","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEE Proc. Circ. Dev. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-cds:19971081","article-title":"Novel CMOS differential voltage current conveyor and its applications","volume":"144","author":"Elwan","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEE Proc. Circ. Dev. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib27","first-page":"15","article-title":"Active elements for analog signal processing: classification, review, and new proposals","volume":"17","author":"Biolek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radioengineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib28","series-title":"2012 IEEE International Conference on Electronics Design, Systems and Applications (ICEDSA)","first-page":"141","article-title":"DDTA and DDCCTA: new active elements for analog signal processing","author":"Kumngern","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib29","article-title":"Differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier: a new analog building block for signal processing","volume":"2011","author":"Pendey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib30","series-title":"The Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Electrical engineering\/electronics, Computer, Telecommunications, and Information Technology ECTI-CON","first-page":"560","article-title":"A synthesis of temperature insensitive\/electronically controllable floating simulators based on DV-CCTAs","author":"Jantakun","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1109\/16.556151","article-title":"Dynamic threshold-voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) for ultra-low voltage VLSI","volume":"44","author":"Assaderaghi","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-018-0999-x","article-title":"Multiple-input bulk-driven MOS transistor for low-voltage low-frequency applications","volume":"38","author":"Khatibs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2022.3203148","article-title":"A 0.5-V multiple-input bulk-driven OTA in 0.18-\u03bcm CMOS","volume":"30","author":"Khateb","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. O. Shah, M. Privitera, A. Ballo, M. Alioto, S. Pennisi, \u201c0.4-V nW-Power high-gain bulk-driven two-stage OTA with self-cascode composite transistors and intrinsic current-buffer miller compensation,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, doi: 10.1109\/TCSI.2025.3570542.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2025.3570542"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19950376","article-title":"Linearised differential transconductors in subthreshold CMOS","volume":"31","author":"Furth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib36","first-page":"351","article-title":"A subhertz nanopower low-pass filter","volume":"58","author":"Rodriguez-Villegas","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., II Express Briefs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-014-9826-1","article-title":"A 50 mHz sinh-domain high-pass filter for realizing an ECG signal acquisition system","volume":"33","author":"Kafe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2018.2878017","article-title":"CMOS first-order all-pass filter with 2-Hz pole frequency","volume":"27","author":"Paul","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00239678","article-title":"Minimum parasitic effects biquadratic OTA-C filter architectures","volume":"1","author":"Nev\u00e1rez-Lozano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process."}],"container-title":["Integration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167926026000775?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167926026000775?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:30:31Z","timestamp":1781631031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167926026000775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0167926026000775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-9260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-9260","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A 500-mV, 124.11-nW first-order universal shadow filter based on multiple-input DDTAs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Integration","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102722","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102722"}}