{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:02:26Z","timestamp":1784674946873,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014717","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Integration"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:33:13Z","timestamp":1783524793000},"page":"102808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An ultra-high-throughput chaotic entropy source based on asymmetric dynamic phase transition mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Shuai","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baishun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rusi","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maogao","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaohua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1109\/81.847868","article-title":"A noise-based IC random number generator for applications in cryptography","volume":"47","author":"Petrie","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib2","first-page":"17","article-title":"FPGA-based true random number generation usingcircuit metastability with adaptive feedback control[C]","author":"Majzoobi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cryptographic Hardware Embedded System"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2021.3059454","article-title":"PUF-rake: a PUF-based robust and lightweight authentication and key establishment protocol","volume":"19","author":"Qureshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dependable Secure Comput."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2018.2823274","article-title":"CSRO-based reconfigurable true random number generator using RRAM","volume":"26","author":"Govindaraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Yao et al., \"IRCA-TRNG: a lightweight dual-ring chaotic TRNG with perturbation refresh for high throughput,\" in IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, doi:10.1109\/TVLSI.2025.3608292.","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2025.3608292"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4886","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2022.3199218","article-title":"High-throughput FPGA-compatible TRNG architecture exploiting multistimuli metastable cells","volume":"69","author":"Della Sala","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3606373","article-title":"A high throughput STR-Based TRNG by jitter precise quantization superposing","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2024.106113","article-title":"High throughput dynamic dual entropy source true random number generator based on FPGA","volume":"145","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360-022-02679-7","article-title":"A gigabit TRNG with novel lightweight post-processing method for cryptographic applications","volume":"137","author":"Garipcan","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Physical Journal Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2023.103969","article-title":"FPGA modeling of a novel fully-synthesizable and secure TRNG based on key-dependent s-box","volume":"136","author":"Garipcan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9427","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-019-04027-x","article-title":"Implementation and performance analysis of true random number generator on FPGA environment by using non-periodic chaotic signals obtained from chaotic maps","volume":"44","author":"Garipcan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arabian J. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib12","first-page":"570","article-title":"FPGA-Based true random number generation using programmable delays in oscillator-rings","volume":"67","author":"Nalla Anandakumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib13","series-title":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Singapore, Singapore","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel PUF based on generalized galois ring oscillators with 10-15 EER and 0.53% BER","author":"Aparicio-T\u00e9llez","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib14","first-page":"2820","article-title":"Ultra-high efficiency TRNG IP based on mesh topology of coupled-XOR","volume":"72","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2007.250627","article-title":"A provably secure true ran-dom number generator with built-in tolerance to active attacks","volume":"56","author":"Sunar","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib16","article-title":"Multi-cell lightweight high-throughput TRNG based on selector clock driving and XOR feedback","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Integrat. VLSI J."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.65.1523","article-title":"Lyapunov exponents from observed time series","volume":"65","author":"Bryant","year":"1990","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control and stabilization of chaotic systems using lyapunov stability theory","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Hamidouche","year":"2023"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib19","first-page":"1854","article-title":"The unpre-dictability analysis of Boolean chaos","volume":"67","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Wang et al., \u201cAn ultrahigh-throughput and FPGA-compatible TRNG based on dynamic hybrid metastability and Jitter entropy cells,\u201d in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, doi: 10.1109\/TCSI.2025.3526181.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2025.3526181"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s44443-025-00271-4","article-title":"A novel deep learning-based statistical randomness evaluation test methodology for cryptographic applications","volume":"37","author":"Kaner","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ., Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib22","series-title":"2024 IEEE International Test Conference in Asia (ITC-Asia)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Design of ultra-high throughput and resource efficiency TRNG based on NAND-XOR and feedback XOR ring oscillators","author":"Wang","year":"2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib25","first-page":"3513","article-title":"Lightweight hybrid entropy source true random num-ber generator based on jitter and metastability","volume":"71","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. CircuitsSyst. II, Exp. Briefs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4970","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2020.3019030","article-title":"A high-performance and secure TRNG based on chaotic cellular automata topology","volume":"67","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib23","first-page":"1672","article-title":"\u201cA novel ultra-compact FPGA-compatible TRNG architecture exploiting latched ring oscillators","volume":"69","author":"Sala","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEETrans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib28","first-page":"4964","article-title":"A high-speed and low-power DSP-based TRNG for FPGA implementations","volume":"71","author":"Frustaci","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3624991","article-title":"High-efficiency TRNG design based on multi-bit dual-ring oscillator","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Reconfigurable Technol. Syst. (TRETS)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2022.3158022","article-title":"TROT: a three-edge ring oscillator based true random number generator with time-to-digital conversion","volume":"69","author":"Gruji\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."}],"container-title":["Integration"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016792602600163X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016792602600163X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:17:18Z","timestamp":1784672238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016792602600163X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S016792602600163X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-9260"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-9260","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An ultra-high-throughput chaotic entropy source based on asymmetric dynamic phase transition mechanism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Integration","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vlsi.2026.102808","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102808"}}