{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T07:12:07Z","timestamp":1783926727684,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T21:00:09Z","timestamp":1783630809000},"page":"347-364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Automatic accurate craniofacial reconstruction based on geodesic statistical model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Wenqi","family":"LIU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junli","family":"ZHAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib1","series-title":"Translated from German","article-title":"The face finder","author":"Quilliam","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib2","series-title":"Computer assisted 3D craniofacial reconstruction","author":"Bullock","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(96)02010-5","article-title":"Facial reconstruction: utilization of computerized tomography to measure facial tissue thickness in a mixed racial population","volume":"83","author":"Phillips","year":"1996","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib4","first-page":"10","article-title":"Computer-aided forensic facial reconstruction","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib5","first-page":"862","article-title":"3D facial reconstruction based on subarea and convhull","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Image and Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib6","first-page":"145","article-title":"Face reconstructions using flesh deformation modes","author":"Tu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Computer-Graphic Facial Reconstruction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.02.035","article-title":"Craniofacial reconstruction using a combined statistical model of face shape and soft tissue depths: methodology and validation","volume":"159","author":"Claes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib8","series-title":"Computer Graphics Forum","first-page":"1711","article-title":"The craniofacial reconstruction from the local structural diversity of skulls","author":"Pei","year":"2008"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib9","first-page":"758","article-title":"Craniofacial reconstruction based on MLS deformation","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"WSEAS Transactions On Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.07.017","article-title":"Densely calculated facial soft tissue thickness for craniofacial reconstruction in Chinese adults","volume":"266","author":"Shui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.03.009","article-title":"Bayesian estimation of optimal craniofacial reconstructions","volume":"201","author":"Claes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2498\/cit.2006.01.04","article-title":"3D semi-landmarks based statistical face reconstruction","volume":"14","author":"Berar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of computing and Information technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-012-1005-4","article-title":"A hierarchical dense deformable model for 3D face reconstruction from skull","volume":"64","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib14","series-title":"Pattern Recognition","first-page":"232","article-title":"Face reconstruction from skull shapes and physical attributes","author":"Paysan","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.03.010","article-title":"Craniofacial reconstruction as a prediction problem using a latent root regression model","volume":"210","author":"Berar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-012-1351-2","article-title":"Craniofacial reconstruction based on multi-linear subspace analysis","volume":"73","author":"Duan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.04.089","article-title":"3D face reconstruction from skull by regression modeling in shape parameter spaces","volume":"151","author":"Duan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib18","series-title":"2018 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"5295","article-title":"Probabilistic joint face-skull modelling for facial reconstruction","author":"Madsen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.03.008","article-title":"Computerized craniofacial reconstruction: conceptual framework and review","volume":"201","author":"Claes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"3D forensic facial reconstruction: a review of the traditional sculpting methods and recent computerised developments","volume":"3","author":"Arpita","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12547","article-title":"Anthropological facial approximation in three dimensions (AFA3D): computer-assisted estimation of the facial morphology using geometric morphometrics","volume":"59","author":"Guyomarc\u2019h","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.03.029","article-title":"A local technique based on vectorized surfaces for craniofacial reconstruction","volume":"200","author":"Tilotta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.10.033","article-title":"A regional method for craniofacial reconstruction based on coordinate adjustments and a new fusion strategy","volume":"259","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib24","series-title":"MultiMedia Modeling","first-page":"314","article-title":"From skulls to faces: a deep generative framework for realistic 3D craniofacial reconstruction","author":"Pan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib25","series-title":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","first-page":"759","article-title":"An end-to-end conditional generative adversarial network based on depth map for 3D craniofacial reconstruction","author":"Zhang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib26","series-title":"Intrinsic morphological relationship guided 3D craniofacial reconstruction using siamese cycle attention GAN","first-page":"1","author":"Zhao","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-024-01611-6","article-title":"CR-DM: a novel craniofacial reconstruction framework based on diffusion model","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Multimedia Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/609350","article-title":"A dense point-to-point alignment method for realistic 3D face morphing and animation","volume":"2009","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Games Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib29","article-title":"Craniofacial reconstruction evaluation by geodesic network","volume":"2014","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1105","article-title":"An efficient multimodal 2D-3D hybrid approach to automatic face recognition","volume":"29","author":"Mian","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1117\/12.240962","article-title":"Fast-marching level-set methods for three-dimensional photolithography development","volume":"2726","author":"Sethian","year":"1996","journal-title":"Optical Microlithography IX"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1137\/0216045","article-title":"The discrete geodesic problem","volume":"16","author":"Mitchell","year":"1987","journal-title":"SIAM Journal on Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1559755.1559761","article-title":"Improving Chen and Han\u2019s algorithm on the discrete geodesic problem","volume":"28","author":"Xin","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2534161","article-title":"Parallel Chen-Han (PCH) algorithm for discrete geodesics","volume":"33","author":"Ying","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508379","article-title":"Saddle vertex graph (SVG): a novel solution to the discrete geodesic problem","volume":"32","author":"Ying","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-08937-z","article-title":"Skull similarity comparison based on SPCA","volume":"79","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools and Applications"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib37","first-page":"163","article-title":"Marching cubes: a high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm","volume":"21","author":"Lorensen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Association for Computing Machinery"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.11.011","article-title":"A novel skull registration based on global and local deformations for craniofacial reconstruction","volume":"208","author":"Deng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2332981","article-title":"Skull identification via correlation measure between skull and face shape","volume":"9","author":"Duan","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2023.08.015","article-title":"CR-Net: a robust craniofacial registration network by introducing Wasserstein distance constraint and geometric attention mechanism","volume":"116","author":"Dai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers & Graphics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.70198","article-title":"OctFusion: octree-based diffusion models for 3D shape generation","volume":"44","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computer Graphics Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003_bib42","series-title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"942","article-title":"CR-GAN: learning complete representations for multi-view generation","author":"Tian","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2096579626000185?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2096579626000185?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:59:24Z","timestamp":1783925964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2096579626000185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2096579626000185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2096-5796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2096-5796","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Automatic accurate craniofacial reconstruction based on geodesic statistical model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vrih.2026.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}