{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T08:36:14Z","timestamp":1774946174103,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":149,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]],"date-time":"2001-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1001894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4343,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0004-3702(01)00127-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,14]],"date-time":"2002-10-14T13:01:41Z","timestamp":1034600501000},"page":"39-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Computer Go: An AI oriented survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Bouzy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Cazenave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB001","series-title":"Searching for solutions in games and artificial intelligence","author":"Allis","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)90004-3","article-title":"Proof-number search","volume":"66","author":"Allis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB003","article-title":"Go-moku solved by new search techniques","volume":"11","author":"Allis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comput. Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90073-9","article-title":"Singular extensions: Adding selectivity to brute force searching","volume":"43","author":"Anantharaman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB005","series-title":"Metaprogramming in logic","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90072-8","article-title":"A generalised quiescence search algorithm","volume":"43","author":"Beal","year":"1989","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(76)90554-5","article-title":"Life in the game of Go","volume":"10","author":"Benson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB008","series-title":"Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, 43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1090\/psapm\/043\/1095541","article-title":"Introductory overview of mathematical Go endgames","author":"Berlekamp","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB009","series-title":"Mathematical Go Endgames, Nightmares for the Professional Go Player","author":"Berlekamp","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(79)90003-1","article-title":"The B\u2217 tree search algorithm: A best-first proof procedure","volume":"12","author":"Berliner","year":"1979","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(80)90041-7","article-title":"Backgammon computer program beats world champion","volume":"14","author":"Berliner","year":"1980","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB012","series-title":"Ensembles flous et morphologie math\u00e9matique","author":"Bloch","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB013","first-page":"13","article-title":"A pattern matcher for Goliath","volume":"13","author":"Boon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Computer Go"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB014","series-title":"Overzicht van de ontwikkeling van een Go spelend programma, Afstudeer Scriptie Informatica onder begeleiding van Prof. J. Bergstra, Amsterdam","author":"Boon","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB015","series-title":"Mod\u00e9lisation cognitive du joueur de Go","author":"Bouzy","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB016","series-title":"Actes des Rencontres Fran\u00e7aises sur la Logique Floue et ses Applications LFA-95, Paris, France","first-page":"334","article-title":"Les ensembles flous au jeu de Go","author":"Bouzy","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB017","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"197","article-title":"The Indigo program","author":"Bouzy","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB018","series-title":"Proceedings IPMU-96, Granada, Spain","first-page":"197","article-title":"There are no winning moves except the last","author":"Bouzy","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB019","series-title":"Actes du 2eme Colloque Jeunes Chercheurs en Sciences Cognitives Giens, France","first-page":"276","article-title":"Explicitation de connaissances non conscientes par mod\u00e9lisation computationnelle dans un domaine complexe: le jeu de Go","author":"Bouzy","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB020","series-title":"Proceedings of the fourth Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"179","article-title":"Incremental updating of objects in Indigo","author":"Bouzy","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB021","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"53","article-title":"Complex games in practice","author":"Bouzy","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB022","unstructured":"B. Brugmann, Monte Carlo Go, ftp:\/\/www.joy.ne.jp\/welcome\/igs\/Go\/computer\/mcgo.tex.Z"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB023","series-title":"Proceedings of the Third Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"56","article-title":"The use of inferential information in remembering Go positions","author":"Burmeister","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB024","series-title":"Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop Using Games as an Experimental Testbed for AI Research, Nagoya, Japan","article-title":"Memory performance of master Go players","author":"Burmeister","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB025","series-title":"Methods for the evaluation of game positions using examples","author":"Buro","year":"1994"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(83)90001-2","article-title":"A comparison of minimax tree search algorithms","volume":"20","author":"Campbell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB027","series-title":"Apprentissage de la r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8mes de vie et de mort au jeu de Go","author":"Cazenave","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB028","series-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Metareasoning and Metaprogramming in Logic, Bonn, Germany","article-title":"Automatic ordering of predicates by metarules","author":"Cazenave","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB029","series-title":"Proceedings of the Third Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"10","article-title":"Automatic acquisition of tactical Go rules","author":"Cazenave","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB030","series-title":"Syst\u00e8me d'Apprentissage par Auto-Observation. Application au Jeu de Go","author":"Cazenave","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB031","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"75","article-title":"Development and evaluation of strategic plans","author":"Cazenave","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB032","series-title":"Proc. ECAI-98, Brighton, England","first-page":"645","article-title":"Metaprogramming forced moves","author":"Cazenave","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB033","series-title":"Proceedings of Meta-Level Architectures and Reflection, Reflection'99","first-page":"235","article-title":"Metaprogramming domain specific metaprograms","volume":"1616","author":"Cazenave","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB034","article-title":"Generation of patterns with external conditions for the game of Go","volume":"9","author":"Cazenave","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90004-2","article-title":"Perception in chess","volume":"4","author":"Chase","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB036","series-title":"Heuristic Programming in Artificial Intelligence: The First Computer Olympiad","first-page":"195","article-title":"Group identification in computer Go","author":"Chen","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB037","first-page":"9","article-title":"The move decision process of Go intellect","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Computer Go"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB038","series-title":"Heuristic Programming in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 3: The Third Computer Olympiad","first-page":"146","article-title":"Attack and defense","author":"Chen","year":"1992"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(99)00083-3","article-title":"Static analysis of life and death in the game of Go","volume":"121","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3233\/ICG-2000-23202","article-title":"Some practical techniques for global search in Go","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"ICGA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB041","unstructured":"Z. Chen, E-mail sent on 5th January 1997 to the Computer Go mailing list, http:\/\/www.cs.uoregon.edu\/~richard\/computer-go\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB042","unstructured":"Z. Chen, E-mail sent on 11th May 1997 to the Computer Go mailing list, http:\/\/www.cs.uoregon.edu\/~richard\/computer-go\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB043","series-title":"On Numbers and Games","author":"Conway","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB044","series-title":"Winning Ways","author":"Conway","year":"1982"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/0824-7935.00065","article-title":"Pattern databases","volume":"14","author":"Culberson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Computational Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB046","article-title":"Explanation based learning: An alternative view","volume":"2","author":"Dejong","year":"1986","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB047","series-title":"The Golem Go program","author":"Enderton","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB048","series-title":"The integration of a priori knowledge into a Go playing neural network","author":"Enzenberger","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB049","series-title":"Protocol Analysis, Verbal Reports as Data","author":"Ericsson","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB050","first-page":"10","article-title":"The program G2","volume":"1","author":"Fotland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Computer Go"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB051","series-title":"Knowledge representation in The Many Faces of Go, 2nd Cannes\/Sophia-Antipolis Go Workshop","author":"Fotland","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB052","unstructured":"D. Fotland, Computer Go Design Issues, E-mail sent on 1st October 1996 to the Computer Go mailing list, http:\/\/www.cs.uoregon.edu\/~richard\/computer-go\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB053","first-page":"276","article-title":"The 3rd FOST cup world-open computer-go championship","volume":"20","author":"Fotland","year":"1997","journal-title":"ICCA J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0097-3165(81)90016-9","article-title":"Computing a perfect strategy for n by n Chess requires time exponential","volume":"31","author":"Fraenkel","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Combin. Theory, Serie A"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB055","series-title":"Abstraction hierarchies: A model of perception and cognition in the game of Go","author":"Friedenbach","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB056","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on PEPM'93","article-title":"Specialization of logic programs","author":"Gallagher","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB057","unstructured":"Gnu Go home page, http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/gnugo\/devel.html, 1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB058","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fall Joint Computer Conference","first-page":"801","article-title":"The Greenblatt chess program","author":"Greenblatt","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB059","series-title":"Heuristic Programming in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2","first-page":"210","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence or stochastic relaxation: Simulated annealing challenge","author":"Grigoriev","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB060","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"9","article-title":"A plausible move generator for Shogi using static evaluation","author":"Grimbergen","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB061","series-title":"Psychological Studies, T4, Thought and Choice in Chess","author":"de Groot","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(88)90088-4","article-title":"Explanation based generalisation = partial evaluation","volume":"36","author":"van Harmelen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB063","series-title":"Heuristic Programming in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2: The Second Computer Olympiad","first-page":"232","article-title":"Which games will survive?","author":"van den Herik","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB064","first-page":"14","article-title":"Mathematical Go","author":"High","year":"1990","journal-title":"Computer Go"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB065","series-title":"Multipurpose adversary planning in the game of Go","author":"Hu","year":"1995"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1109\/34.615454","article-title":"Multipurpose strategic planning in the game of Go","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1090-44","article-title":"A grandmaster chess machine","volume":"263","author":"Hsu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB068","series-title":"Proc. AAAI-98, Madison, WI","article-title":"Single-agent search in the presence of deadlocks","author":"Junghanns","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB069","series-title":"Computer Shogi Progress","first-page":"1","article-title":"The search algorithm of the Shogi program K3.0","author":"Kakinoki","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB070","series-title":"Sum of hot and tepid combinatorial games","author":"Kao","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(99)00094-8","article-title":"Mean and temperature search for Go endgames","volume":"122","author":"Kao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671","article-title":"Optimisation by simulated annealing","volume":"220","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(75)90019-3","article-title":"An analysis of alpha-beta pruning","volume":"6","author":"Knuth","year":"1975","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB074","series-title":"Proceedings of the Game Programming Workshop in Japan","first-page":"34","article-title":"A case study on acquisition and refinement of deductive rules based on EBG in an adversary game: How to capture stones in Go","author":"Kojima","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB075","series-title":"Proc. IJCAI-97, Nagoya, Japan","first-page":"684","article-title":"An evolutionary algorithm extended by ecological analogy and its application to the game of Go","author":"Kojima","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(85)90084-0","article-title":"Depth-first iterative deepening: An optimal admissible tree search","volume":"27","author":"Korf","year":"1985","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB077","series-title":"Proc. AAAI-97, Providence, RI","first-page":"700","article-title":"Finding optimal solutions to Rubik's Cube using pattern databases","author":"Korf","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB078","series-title":"Advances in Computer Chess, Vol. 7","first-page":"135","article-title":"Solving large retrograde-analysis problems using a network of workstations","author":"Lake","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB079","series-title":"Games of No Chance","first-page":"227","article-title":"Eyespace values in Go","author":"Landman","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB080","article-title":"Perception in Go as a problem in AI","volume":"6","author":"Langston","year":"1988","journal-title":"Computer Go"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB081","series-title":"A strategic pattern recognition program for the game of Go","author":"Lefkovitz","year":"1960"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1145\/322186.322201","article-title":"Go is polynomial-space hard","volume":"27","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(88)90019-7","article-title":"Conspiracy numbers for min-max search","volume":"35","author":"McAllester","year":"1988","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB084","series-title":"Shogi (Japanese chess) as the AI research target next to chess","author":"Matsubara","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB085","series-title":"Proceedings of AAAI-84, Austin, TX","first-page":"251","article-title":"Constraint-based generalization learning game-playing plans from single examples","author":"Minton","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(89)90047-7","article-title":"Explanation-based learning: A problem solving perspective","volume":"40","author":"Minton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90059-9","article-title":"Quantitative results concerning the utility of explanation-based learning","volume":"42","author":"Minton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116250","article-title":"Explanation-based generalization: A unifying view","volume":"1","author":"Mitchell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB089","series-title":"Games Theories and Computer Go, Computer Go Workshop, Cannes","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB090","series-title":"Computer Go as a sum of local games: An application of combinatorial game theory","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB091","series-title":"Games of No Chance","first-page":"273","article-title":"Experiments in computer Go endgames","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB092","series-title":"Generalized thermography: Algorithms, implementation and application to Go endgames","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB093","series-title":"Proc. CG-98","first-page":"252","article-title":"Computer Go: A research agenda","volume":"1558","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB094","series-title":"Proc. IJCAI-99, Stockholm, Sweden","first-page":"578","article-title":"Decomposition search: A combinatorial games approach to game tree search, with applications to solving Go endgames","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB095","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"61","article-title":"Race to capture: Analyzing Semeai in Go","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB096","series-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Joint Conference on Information Sciences","article-title":"Not like other games\u2014Why tree search in Go is different","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.3.231","article-title":"Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes","volume":"84","author":"Nisbett","year":"1977","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB098","first-page":"191","article-title":"Extracting information from endgame databases","author":"Nunn","year":"1993","journal-title":"ICCA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB099","series-title":"The Simulated Annealing Algorithm","author":"Otten","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB100","series-title":"Heuristic Programming in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 3, The Third Computer Olympiad, University of Limburg, Maastricht","first-page":"237","article-title":"Metagame: A new challenge from games and learning","author":"Pell","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB101","series-title":"Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"399","article-title":"A program for learning to play chess","author":"Pitrat","year":"1976"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB102","first-page":"147","article-title":"Games: The next challenge","volume":"21","author":"Pitrat","year":"1998","journal-title":"ICCA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB103","unstructured":"M. Reiss, E-mail sent in January 1995 to the Computer Go mailing list, http:\/\/www.cs.uoregon.edu\/~richard\/computer-go\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(76)90011-6","article-title":"Skilled perception in Go: Deducing memory structures from inter-response times","volume":"8","author":"Reitman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB105","series-title":"Proc. IJCAI-79, Tokyo, Japan","first-page":"711","article-title":"The structure and performance of the INTERIM.2 Go program","author":"Reitman","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB106","series-title":"Proceedings of IFIP Congress","article-title":"Simulation of a learning machine for playing Go","author":"Remus","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB107","series-title":"Gobelin: Une approche pragmatique de l'abstraction appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 la mod\u00e9lisation de la strat\u00e9gie el\u00e9mentaire au jeu de Go","author":"Ricaud","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB108","series-title":"Proceedings IJCAI-97, Nagoya, Japan","first-page":"678","article-title":"A model of strategy for the game of Go using abstraction mechanisms","author":"Ricaud","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB109","series-title":"N by N checkers is exptime complete","author":"Robson","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB110","series-title":"The Complexity of Go","author":"Robson","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB111","series-title":"Heuristic analysis of large trees as generated in the game of Go","author":"Ryder","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB112","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"118","article-title":"Do Go players think in words? Interim report of the analysis of Go players' protocol","author":"Saito","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB113","series-title":"Proceedings of the Third Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"66","article-title":"An analysis of strong Go-players' protocols","author":"Saito","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.33.0210","article-title":"Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers","volume":"3","author":"Samuel","year":"1959","journal-title":"IBM J. Res. Develop."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.116.0601","article-title":"Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers II","volume":"11","author":"Samuel","year":"1967","journal-title":"IBM J. Res. Develop."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90071-7","article-title":"Conspiracy numbers","volume":"33","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(92)90074-8","article-title":"A world championship caliber checkers program","volume":"53","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB118","series-title":"One Jump Ahead\u2014Challenging Human Supremacy in Checkers","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB119","series-title":"Neural Information Processing Systems, Vol. 6","article-title":"Temporal difference learning of position evaluation in the game of Go","author":"Schraudolph","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB120","series-title":"Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology","author":"Serra","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB121","first-page":"256","article-title":"Programming a computer to play chess","volume":"41","author":"Shannon","year":"1950","journal-title":"Philosoph. Magazine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB122","series-title":"First International Conference on Computer and Games 98","first-page":"232","article-title":"Extended thermography for multiple Kos in Go","volume":"1558","author":"Spight","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB123","series-title":"Games of No Chance, MSRI Publication, Vol. 29","article-title":"Multilinear algebra and chess endgames","author":"Stiller","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(79)90016-X","article-title":"A minimax algorithm better than alpha-beta?","volume":"12","author":"Stockman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00115009","article-title":"Learning to predict by the method of temporal differences","volume":"3","author":"Sutton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB126","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Internat. Logic Programming Conference, Uppsala University","article-title":"Unfold\/fold transformations of logic programs","author":"Tamaki","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(89)90017-9","article-title":"A parallel network that learns to play Backgammon","volume":"39","author":"Tesauro","year":"1989","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992697","article-title":"Practical issues in temporal difference learning","volume":"8","author":"Tesauro","year":"1992","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1994.6.2.215","article-title":"TD-Gammon, a self teaching backgammon program, achieves master-level play","volume":"6","author":"Tesauro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1145\/203330.203343","article-title":"Temporal difference learning and TD-Gammon","volume":"38","author":"Tesauro","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comm. ACM"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB131","first-page":"131","article-title":"Retrograde analysis of certain endgames","volume":"9","author":"Thompson","year":"1986","journal-title":"ICCA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB132","first-page":"215","article-title":"6-piece endgames","author":"Thompson","year":"1996","journal-title":"ICCA J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/7.3.203","article-title":"A partial analysis of Go","volume":"7","author":"Thorpe","year":"1964","journal-title":"Computer J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB134","first-page":"1","article-title":"A computer assisted study of Go on M\u00d7N boards","volume":"4","author":"Thorpe","year":"1972","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB135","article-title":"Les connaissances non conscientes de l'homme au travail","volume":"84","author":"Vermersch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Le Journal des Psychologues"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB136","series-title":"Theory of Games and Economic Behavior","author":"von Neumann","year":"1944"},{"issue":"4,5,6","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB137","article-title":"Computer Go","volume":"13","author":"Wilcox","year":"1978","journal-title":"American Go J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB138","unstructured":"P. Woitke, New ladder participant, E-mail sent on 11th March 1996 to the Computer Go mailing list, http:\/\/www.cs.uoregon.edu\/~richard\/computer-go\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB139","unstructured":"P. Woitke, Computer Go summary, E-mail sent on 5th October 1996 to the Computer Go mailing list, http:\/\/www.cs.uoregon.edu\/~richard\/computer-go\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB140","series-title":"Proceedings of the First Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"84","article-title":"The program GoTools and its computer-generated tsume-go database","author":"Wolf","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB141","series-title":"Proceedings of the Third Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"20","article-title":"About problems in generalizing a tsumego program to open positions","author":"Wolf","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-0255(99)00096-1","article-title":"Forward pruning and other heuristic search techniques in tsume go","volume":"122","author":"Wolf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB143","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"46","article-title":"Half extension algorithm","author":"Yamashita","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB144","series-title":"Computer Shogi Progress 2","first-page":"112","article-title":"YSS: About its datastructures and algorithm","author":"Yamashita","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB145","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Game Programming Workshop in Japan, Hakone","first-page":"87","article-title":"The difference of the knowledge for solving Tsume-Go problem according to the skill","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB146","series-title":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer and Games 98","first-page":"282","article-title":"Relations between skill and the use of terms\u2014An analysis of protocols of the game of Go","volume":"1558","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB147","series-title":"Proc. AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference, Boston","first-page":"103","article-title":"A model of visual organization for the game of Go","author":"Zobrist","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB148","series-title":"A new hashing method with application for game playing","author":"Zobrist","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(01)00127-8_BIB149","series-title":"Feature extractions and representation for pattern recognition and the game of Go","author":"Zobrist","year":"1970"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0004370201001278?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0004370201001278?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T07:30:29Z","timestamp":1579159829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0004370201001278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"references-count":149,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0004370201001278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0004-3702(01)00127-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]}}}