{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T04:03:04Z","timestamp":1779249784484,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4103,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0004-3702(02)00191-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T19:52:16Z","timestamp":1027626736000},"page":"43-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":532,"title":["Learning Bayesian networks from data: An information-theory based approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Greiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiru","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB001","series-title":"Proc. 12th Conference of Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Portland, OR","article-title":"An algorithm for finding minimum d-separating sets in belief networks","author":"Acid","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB002","series-title":"Proc. 6th International Conference IPMU'96, Granada, Spain","article-title":"BENEDICT: An algorithm for learning probabilistic belief networks","author":"Acid","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB003","series-title":"Categorical Data Analysis","author":"Agresti","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB004","series-title":"Computational Statistics","first-page":"251","article-title":"Model search in contingency tables in CoCo","author":"Badsberg","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB005","series-title":"Proc. 2nd European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine","first-page":"247","article-title":"The ALARM monitoring system: A case study with two probabilistic inference techniques for belief networks","author":"Beinlich","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.62","article-title":"Operations for learning with graphical models","volume":"2","author":"Buntine","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Artificial Intelligence Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1109\/69.494161","article-title":"A guide to the literature on learning probabilistic networks from data","volume":"8","author":"Buntine","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowledge Data Engrg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB008","series-title":"Proc. AI & STAT'97, Ft. Lauderdale, FL","first-page":"83","article-title":"An algorithm for Bayesian belief network construction from data","author":"Cheng","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB009","series-title":"Proc. 6th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM-97), Las Vegas, NV","article-title":"Learning belief networks from data: An information theory based approach","author":"Cheng","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB010","series-title":"Learning Bayesian networks from data: An information theory based approach, Doctoral Dissertation","author":"Cheng","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB011","series-title":"Proc. 15th International Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Stockholm, Sweden","article-title":"Comparing Bayesian Network Classifiers","author":"Cheng","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB012","series-title":"Proc. 14th Biennial Conference of the Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence, Ottawa, ON","article-title":"Learning Bayesian belief network classifiers: Algorithms and system","author":"Cheng","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB013","series-title":"Learning Bayesian networks is NP-hard, Technical Report MSR-TR-94-17","author":"Chickering","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB014","series-title":"Proc. 12th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Portland, OR","article-title":"Learning equivalence classes of Bayesian network structures","author":"Chickering","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1968.1054142","article-title":"Approximating discrete probability distributions with dependence trees","volume":"14","author":"Chow","year":"1968","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB016","series-title":"A roadmap to research on Bayesian networks and other decomposable probabilistic models, Technical Report","author":"Chrisman","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994110","article-title":"A Bayesian method for the induction of probabilistic networks from data","volume":"9","author":"Cooper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB018","series-title":"Proc. 17th International Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA","article-title":"When learning Bayesian networks from data, using conditional independence tests is equivalent to a local scoring metric","author":"Cowell","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB019","unstructured":"C. Darken, Personal communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB020","series-title":"Proc. 15th International Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Stockholm, Sweden","article-title":"A hybrid anytime algorithm for the construction of causal models from sparse data","author":"Dash","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB021","series-title":"Introduction to Graphical Modelling","author":"Edwards","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB022","series-title":"Proc. 14th International Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Madison, WI","article-title":"The Bayesian structural EM algorithm","author":"Friedman","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007465528199","article-title":"Bayesian network classifiers","volume":"29","author":"Friedman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB024","series-title":"Proc. 12th International Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Portland, OR","article-title":"Learning Bayesian networks with local structure","author":"Friedman","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB025","series-title":"Proc. AAAI-90, Boston, MA","article-title":"Constructor: A system for the induction of probabilistic models","author":"Fung","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB026","series-title":"Proc. 13th International Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Portland, OR","first-page":"198","article-title":"Learning Bayesian Nets that perform well","author":"Greiner","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/375360.375363","article-title":"Efficient reasoning","volume":"33","author":"Greiner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput. Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB028","series-title":"A tutorial on learning Bayesian networks, Technical Report MSR-TR-95-06","author":"Heckerman","year":"1995"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994016","article-title":"Learning Bayesian networks: The combination of knowledge and statistical data","volume":"20","author":"Heckerman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB030","series-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2","first-page":"149","article-title":"Propagating uncertainty in Bayesian networks by probabilistic logic sampling","author":"Henrion","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB031","series-title":"Proc. 6th International Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, MA","article-title":"Kutato: An entropy-driven system for construction of probabilistic expert systems from databases","author":"Herskovits","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB032","series-title":"User's guide to BIOFROST, Technical Report","author":"Hojsgaard","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB033","series-title":"Learning probabilistic networks, Technical Report","author":"Krause","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729694","article-title":"On information and sufficiency","volume":"22","author":"Kullback","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Statist."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00166.x","article-title":"Learning Bayesian belief networks: An approach based on the MDL principle","volume":"10","author":"Lam","year":"1994","journal-title":"Comput. Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1994.10476894","article-title":"Model selection and accounting for model uncertainty in graphical models using Occam's window","volume":"89","author":"Madigan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Amer. Statist. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB037","series-title":"Selecting Models from Data: Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, Vol. IV","article-title":"Strategies for graphical model selection","author":"Madigan","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB038","series-title":"Proc. 11th International Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Montreal, Quebec","article-title":"Strong completeness and faithfulness in Bayesian networks","author":"Meek","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB039","author":"Page"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB040","series-title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference","author":"Pearl","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB041","series-title":"Robust learing with missing data, Technical Report, KMI-TR-28","author":"Ramoni","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB042","series-title":"Discovering Bayesian networks in incomplete databases, Technical Report KMI-TR-46","author":"Ramoni","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB043","series-title":"Proceedings of 3rd Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA","article-title":"The recovery of causal poly-tree from statistical data","author":"Rebane","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB044","series-title":"TETRAD II: Tools for Discovery","author":"Scheines","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB045","series-title":"Proc. AAAI-97, Providence, RI","article-title":"Learning Bayesian networks from incomplete data","author":"Singh","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00016-V","article-title":"Construction of Bayesian network structures from data: A brief survey and an efficient algorithm","volume":"12","author":"Singh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB047","series-title":"Proceedings of Advanced Computing for the Social Sciences, Williamsburgh, VA","article-title":"Causality from probability","author":"Spirtes","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/089443939100900106","article-title":"An algorithm for fast recovery of sparse causal graphs","volume":"9","author":"Spirtes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Social Science Computer Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB049","series-title":"Causation, Prediction, and Search","author":"Spirtes","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB050","series-title":"Proc. 1st International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-95), Montreal, Quebec","article-title":"Learning Bayesian networks with discrete variables from data","author":"Spirtes","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB051","series-title":"Proc. AI & STAT'97, Ft. Lauderdale, FL","first-page":"481","article-title":"Heuristic greedy search algorithms for latent variable models","author":"Spirtes","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB052","series-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 5","article-title":"Automated construction of sparse Bayesian networks from unstructured probabilistic models and domain information","author":"Srinivas","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB053","series-title":"Proc. International Conference on Machine Learning, Bari, Italy","article-title":"Learning Bayesian belief networks based on the MDL principle: An efficient algorithm using the branch and bound technique","author":"Suzuki","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB054","series-title":"Bayesian Statistics, Vol. 4","first-page":"837","article-title":"BUGS: A program to perform Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling","author":"Thomas","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB055","series-title":"Proc. 6th International Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, MA","article-title":"Equivalence and synthesis of causal models","author":"Verma","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB056","series-title":"Proc. 8th International Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, Stanford, CA","article-title":"An algorithm for deciding if a set of observed independencies has a causal explanation","author":"Verma","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2307\/2336490","article-title":"Graphical and recursive models for contingency tables","volume":"72","author":"Wermuth","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00191-1_BIB058","series-title":"Proc. Third International Workshop on Rough Sets and Soft Computing, San Jose, CA","first-page":"562","article-title":"Construction of a Markov network from data for probabilistic inference","author":"Wong","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0004370202001911?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0004370202001911?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T18:23:11Z","timestamp":1579112591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0004370202001911"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0004370202001911"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0004-3702(02)00191-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}