{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:43:36Z","timestamp":1777466616771,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(03)00114-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,30]],"date-time":"2003-06-30T12:44:57Z","timestamp":1056977097000},"page":"1086-1098","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["Two-dimensional assessment of cytoarchitecture in the anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia: evidence for decreased neuronal somal size and increased neuronal density"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Gursharan","family":"Chana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Beasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ian P","family":"Everall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090940210","article-title":"Estimation of nuclear population from microtomic sections","volume":"94","author":"Abercrombie","year":"1946","journal-title":"Anat Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830050061010","article-title":"Maldistribution of interstitial neurons in prefrontal white matter of the brains of schizophrenic patients","volume":"53","author":"Akbarian","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.7.1010","article-title":"Cytoarchitecture of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia","volume":"154","author":"Akil","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB4","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00142-X","article-title":"Further evidence of abnormal cytoarchitecture of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia using spatial point pattern analyses","volume":"42","author":"Arnold","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700036151","article-title":"Changes in regional cerebral blood flow on recovery from depression","volume":"25","author":"Bench","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800190024004","article-title":"An analysis of the arrangement of neurons in the cingulate cortex of schizophrenic patients","volume":"44","author":"Benes","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB8","first-page":"11","article-title":"Two dimensional versus three-dimensional cell counting","volume":"24","author":"Benes","year":"2001","journal-title":"TINS"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800230097015","article-title":"Increased vertical axon numbers in cingulate cortex of schizophrenics","volume":"44","author":"Benes","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB10","first-page":"531","article-title":"The spatial distribution of neurons and glia in human cortex based on the Poisson distribution","volume":"9","author":"Benes","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal Quant Cytol Histology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810350036005","article-title":"Deficits in small interneurons in prefrontal and cingulate cortices in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients","volume":"48","author":"Benes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(00)00105-8","article-title":"Glutamate decarboxylase (65)-immunoreactive terminals in the cingulated and prefrontal cortices of schizophrenic and bipolar brain","volume":"20","author":"Benes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanatomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01084-8","article-title":"The density of pyramidal and nonpyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex of schizophrenic and bipolar","volume":"50","author":"Benes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00071-1","article-title":"Morphometric studies of the entorhinal cortex in neuropsychiatric patients and controls","volume":"33","author":"Bernstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.12.1670","article-title":"Anterior cingulate gyrus dysfunction and selective attention deficits in schizophrenia","volume":"154","author":"Carter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.6.545","article-title":"Glial cell loss and reduced neuronal size in the anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder","volume":"58","author":"Cotter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00527-5","article-title":"Glial cell abnormalities in major psychiatric disorders","volume":"55","author":"Cotter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB18","first-page":"339","article-title":"Schizophrenia as failure of hemispheric dominance for language","volume":"20","author":"Crow","year":"1997","journal-title":"TINS"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1991.10475087","article-title":"Analysis of variance for replicated spatial point patterns in clinical neuroanatomy","volume":"86","author":"Diggle","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000370","article-title":"Neuroimaging abnormalities in the subgenual prefrontal cortex","volume":"3","author":"Drevets","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00530-5","article-title":"Synaptic pathology in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and mood disorders. A review and a Western blot study of synaptophysin, GAP-43 and the complexins","volume":"55","author":"Eastwood","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00320-7","article-title":"The role of the cingulate gyrus in depression","volume":"39","author":"Ebert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.4.593","article-title":"The neuropathology of schizophrenia","volume":"122","author":"Harrison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540050053015","article-title":"Hemispheric differences in layer 3 pyramidal neurons of the anterior language areas","volume":"50","author":"Hayes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch of Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.5.682","article-title":"Decreased anterior cingulate gyrus metabolic rate in schizophrenia","volume":"154","author":"Haznedar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199803)250:3<366::AID-AR11>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Lost caps in histological counting methods","volume":"250","author":"Hedreen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.11.1730","article-title":"Superior temporal gyrus abnormalities and thought disorder in left-handed schizophrenic men","volume":"156","author":"Holinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB28","series-title":"S+SpatialStats","author":"Kaluzny","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/7.8.732","article-title":"A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia","volume":"7","author":"Krimer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901640303","article-title":"The origin of efferent pathways from the primary visual cortex, area 17, of the macaque monkey as shown by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase","volume":"164","author":"Lund","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.8.1299","article-title":"Superior temporal gyrus abnormalities in early-onset schizophrenia","volume":"158","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB33","first-page":"384","article-title":"The functional anatomy and hemispheric specialization for directed attention","volume":"6","author":"Mesulam","year":"1983","journal-title":"TINS"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13290","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.22.13290","article-title":"Glial reduction in the subgenual prefrontal cortex in mood disorders","volume":"95","author":"Ongur","year":"1998","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB35","series-title":"Genstat 5 Release 3 Reference Manual","author":"Payne","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.466","article-title":"Decreased somal size of deep layer 3 pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia","volume":"58","author":"Pierri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325","article-title":"The attention system of the human brain","volume":"13","author":"Posner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01080-0","article-title":"Reductions in neuronal and glial density characterize the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder","volume":"49","author":"Rajkowska","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00041-4","article-title":"Morphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal cell pathology in major depression","volume":"45","author":"Rajkowska","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.3.215","article-title":"Neuronal and glial somal size in the prefrontal cortex","volume":"55","author":"Rajkowska","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2307\/3212829","article-title":"The second-order analysis of stationary point processes","volume":"13","author":"Ripley","year":"1976","journal-title":"J App Probability"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB42","series-title":"Splancs","author":"Rowlingson","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960101)364:1<5::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Any way you cut it","volume":"364","author":"Saper","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/78.4.719","article-title":"Estimation in generalized linear models with random effects","volume":"78","author":"Schall","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB45","first-page":"681","article-title":"The reduced neuropil hypothesis","volume":"47","author":"Selemon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980316)392:3<402::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Elevated neuronal density in prefrontal area 46 in brains from schizophrenic patients","volume":"392","author":"Selemon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.2.234","article-title":"Structural abnormalities in frontal, temporal, and limbic regions and interconnecting white matter tracts in schizophrenic patients with prominent negative symptoms","volume":"158","author":"Sigmundsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00084-5","article-title":"Structural neuroimaging and mood disorders","volume":"43","author":"Steffens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(00)00043-1","article-title":"No deficit in the total number of neurons in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenics","volume":"35","author":"Thune","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00192-9","article-title":"The Stanley Foundation brain collection and neuropathology consortium","volume":"44","author":"Torrey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00114-8_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogt BA (1993): Structural organization of cingulate cortex: Areas, neurons, and somatodendritic transmitter receptors. In: Vogt BA, Gabriel M, editors. Neurobiology of the Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus: A Comprehensive Handbook. Boston; Birkhauser, 19\u201370","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-6704-6_2"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322303001148?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322303001148?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T15:42:29Z","timestamp":1682523749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322303001148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322303001148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(03)00114-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}}}