{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T13:33:24Z","timestamp":1773408804764,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]],"date-time":"1997-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":875664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]],"date-time":"1997-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":875664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(96)00502-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T16:41:41Z","timestamp":1027615301000},"page":"687-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Long-Term Stress Degenerates, But Imipramine Regenerates, Noradrenergic Axons in the Rat Cerebral Cortex"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Isao","family":"Kitayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takatoshi","family":"Yaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Kayahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuma","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumio","family":"Murase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/268455a0","article-title":"Development of \u03b2-adrenergic receptor subsensitivity by antidepressants","volume":"268","author":"Banerjee","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902870307","article-title":"Quantitation of catecholamine neurons in the locus coeruleus in human brains of normal young and older adults and in depression","volume":"287","author":"Chan-Palay","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.2.187","article-title":"Subcortical hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"147","author":"Coffey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820130009002","article-title":"Quantitative cerebral anatomy in depression. A controlled magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"50","author":"Coffey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810130057008","article-title":"Subcortical abnormalities detected in bipolar affective disorder using magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"47","author":"Dupont","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(77)90017-8","article-title":"Clinical and experimental studies on the pathogenesis of depression","volume":"2","author":"Hatotani","year":"1977","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(79)90029-5","article-title":"Psychoendocrine model of depression","volume":"4","author":"Hatotani","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB8","series-title":"Psychopharmacology","first-page":"535","article-title":"Mechanism of action of antidepressant treatments","author":"Heninger","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB9","series-title":"Neurobiology of Periodic Psychoses","first-page":"169","article-title":"Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of depression in a stressed-animal model","author":"Kitayama","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB10","series-title":"Stress","first-page":"125","article-title":"Changes in behavior and central catecholamines in rats after long-term severe stress","author":"Kitayama","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB11","first-page":"433","article-title":"Effect of antidepressant on behavior and central catecholamine of depression-model rats","volume":"7","author":"Kitayama","year":"1987","journal-title":"Jpn J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01250136","article-title":"Effect of chronic imipramine treatment on glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in various regions of the rat brain","volume":"73","author":"Kitayama","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01248925","article-title":"Chronic immobilization stress","volume":"77","author":"Kitayama","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB14","series-title":"Stress","first-page":"73","article-title":"Noradrenergic and neuroendocrine function in a chronic walking stress-induced model of depression in rats","author":"Kitayama","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)90171-6","article-title":"Degeneration of locus coeruleus axons in stress-induced depression model","volume":"35","author":"Kitayama","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB16","first-page":"747","article-title":"Tyrosine hydroxylase activity in discrete brain regions of depression model rats","volume":"44","author":"Komori","year":"1990","journal-title":"Jpn J Psychiatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(86)90155-7","article-title":"Efferent projections of nucleus locus coeruleus topographic organization of cells of origin demonstrated by three dimensional reconstruction","volume":"18","author":"Loughlin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB18","series-title":"Animal Models in Psychiatry and Neurology","first-page":"117","article-title":"Biobehavioral models of depression in monkeys","author":"Mckinney","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1177\/26.2.24068","article-title":"Tetramethyl benzidine for horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry","volume":"26","author":"Mesulam","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Electrophysiological study on animal model of depression","volume":"37","author":"Murase","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mie Medical J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90345-A","article-title":"Antidepressants induce regeneration of catecholaminergic axon terminals in the rat cerebral cortex","volume":"111","author":"Nakamura","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199109000-00007","article-title":"Effects of mianserin and fluoxetine on axonal regeneration of brain catecholamine neurons","volume":"2","author":"Nakamura","year":"1991","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63836-4","article-title":"Axonal sprouting of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons following repeated stress and antidepressant treatment","volume":"88","author":"Nakamura","year":"1991","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199304000-00007","article-title":"Involvement of phospholipase A2 in axonal regeneration of brain noradrenergic neurons","volume":"4","author":"Nakamura","year":"1993","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90675-7","article-title":"Electrophysiological evidence for terminal sprouting of locus coeruleus neurons following repeated mild stress","volume":"100","author":"Nakamura","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(91)90172-G","article-title":"Electrophysiological evidence for axonal degeneration of locus coeruleus neurons following long-term forced running stress","volume":"26","author":"Nakamura","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB27","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90624-I","article-title":"Duration-dependent effects of repeated restraint stress on cortical projections of locus coeruleus neurons","volume":"118","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB29","first-page":"505","article-title":"Fine structure of the locus coeruleus in rats subjected to forced running stress","volume":"21","author":"Sakashita","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Electron Microscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.122.5.509","article-title":"The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders","volume":"122","author":"Schildkraut","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1126\/science.10626","article-title":"\u03b2-Adrenergic receptor involvement in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced supersensitivity in rat cerebral cortex","volume":"194","author":"Sporn","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-05-01705.1989","article-title":"Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates","volume":"9","author":"Uno","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/257495a0","article-title":"Action of various antidepressant treatments reduces reactivity of noradrenergic cyclic AMP generating system in limbic forebrain","volume":"257","author":"Vetulani","year":"1975","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322396005021?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006322396005021?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T14:43:55Z","timestamp":1757774635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006322396005021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0006322396005021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(96)00502-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long-Term Stress Degenerates, But Imipramine Regenerates, Noradrenergic Axons in the Rat Cerebral Cortex","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Psychiatry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00502-1","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1997 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}