{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T21:57:13Z","timestamp":1774130233914,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]],"date-time":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":852076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers in Biology and Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0010-4825(96)00039-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T19:05:05Z","timestamp":1027623905000},"page":"19-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Construction of a Bayesian network for mammographic diagnosis of breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Charles E.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Shaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Haddawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Cancer statistics","volume":"45","author":"Wingo","year":"1995","journal-title":"CA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.167.3.3283836","article-title":"Decreased cancer mortality through mammographic screening: results of clinical trials","volume":"167","author":"Feig","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.167.2.3282256","article-title":"Nonpalpable breast lesions: recommendations for biopsy based on suspicion of carcinoma at mammography","volume":"167","author":"Hall","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-198804000-00002","article-title":"Enhanced interpretation of diagnostic images","volume":"23","author":"Getty","year":"1988","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451441","article-title":"Artificial neural networks in mammography: application to decision making in the diagnosis of breast cancer","volume":"187","author":"Wu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB6","author":"Pearl","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1988.tb01721.x","article-title":"Local computations with probabilities on graphical structures and their applications to expert systems","volume":"50","author":"Lauritzen","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. R. Statist. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB8","series-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"1080","article-title":"HUGIN\u2014a shell for building Bayesian belief universes for expert systems","author":"Andersen","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB9","series-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"212","article-title":"IDEAL: a software package for analysis of influence diagrams","author":"Srinivas","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7101(91)90023-8","article-title":"Medical expert systems based on causal probabilistic networks","volume":"28","author":"Andreassen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Biomed. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0933-3657(92)90029-O","article-title":"Planning of therapy and tests in causal probabilistic networks","volume":"4","author":"Andreassen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Art. Intell. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597400","article-title":"A Bayesian network model for radiological diagnosis and procedure selection: work-up of suspected gallbladder disease","volume":"21","author":"Haddawy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB13","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"366","article-title":"MUNIN\u2014a causal probabilistic network for interpretation of electromyographic findings","author":"Andreassen","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.4.329","article-title":"Expert system support using Bayesian belief networks in the diagnosis of fine needle aspiration biopsy specimens of the breast","volume":"47","author":"Hamilton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Path."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1634867","article-title":"Toward normative expert systems: Part I. The Pathfinder project","volume":"31","author":"Heckerman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Meth. Inform. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1634868","article-title":"Toward normative expert systems: Part II. Probability-based representations for efficient knowledge acquisition and inference","volume":"31","author":"Heckerman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Meth. Inform. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4809(92)90035-9","article-title":"An evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of Pathfinder","volume":"25","author":"Heckerman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Comput. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB18","series-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Annual Symposium of Computer Applications in Medical Care","first-page":"439","article-title":"A decision aid for diagnosis of liver lesions on MRI","author":"Tombropoulos","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB19","series-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care","first-page":"765","article-title":"Automated transformation of probabilistic knowledge for a medical diagnostic system","author":"Li","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1634846","article-title":"Probabilistic diagnosis using a reformulation of the INTERNIST-1\/QMR knowledge base. I. The probabilistic model and inference algorithms","volume":"30","author":"Shwe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Meth. Inform. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1634847","article-title":"Probabilistic diagnosis using a reformulation of the INTERNIST-1\/QMR knowledge base. II. Evaluation of diagnostic performance","volume":"30","author":"Middleton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Meth. Inform. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)02488-5","article-title":"Breast masses: mammographic and sonographic evaluation","volume":"30","author":"Feig","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiol. Clin. N. Amer."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510030062035","article-title":"Family history, age, and risk of breast cancer. Prospective data from the Nurses' Health Study","volume":"270","author":"Colditz","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Ass."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198705000-00010","article-title":"Management of nonpalpable breast abnormalities","volume":"205","author":"Symmonds","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.173.2.2678242","article-title":"Breast masses: mammographic evaluation","volume":"173","author":"Sickles","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.6.1145","article-title":"The halo sign and malignant breast lesions","volume":"149","author":"Swan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)02489-7","article-title":"Mammographic analysis of calcifications","volume":"30","author":"Bassett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiol. Clin. N. Amer."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.160.2.3726103","article-title":"Breast calcifications: mammographic evaluation","volume":"160","author":"Sickles","year":"1986","journal-title":"Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.146.4.661","article-title":"Mammographic features of 300 consecutive nonpalpable breast cancers","volume":"146","author":"Sickles","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0037-198X(05)80080-X","article-title":"Mammographic feature analysis","volume":"28","author":"D'Orsi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Seminars in Roentgenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB31","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB32","author":"Kelsey","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/81.24.1879","article-title":"Projecting individualized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually","volume":"81","author":"Gail","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Natl Canc. Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.192.2.8029411","article-title":"Nonpalpable, circumscribed, noncalcified solid breast masses: likelihood of malignancy based on lesion size and age of patient","volume":"192","author":"Sickles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.137.1.7422830","article-title":"Intramammary calcifications without an associated mass in benign and malignant diseases","volume":"137","author":"Egan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.157.1.1646563","article-title":"Diagnostic importance of the radiographic density of noncalcified breast masses: analysis of 91 lesions","volume":"157","author":"Jackson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Amer. J. Roentgen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB37","series-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings of the Tenth Conference","first-page":"262","article-title":"Generating Bayesian networks from probability logic knowledge bases","author":"Haddawy","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB38","series-title":"Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care","first-page":"203","article-title":"Clinical simulation using context-sensitive temporal probability models","author":"Haddawy","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB39","unstructured":"L. Ngo, P. Haddawy, J. Helwig and R.A. Krieger, Efficient temporal probabilistic reasoning via contextsensitive model construction, Comput, Biol. Med. (in press)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB40","series-title":"Proceedings ACSC95","first-page":"286","article-title":"Probabilistic logic programming and Bayesian networks, Algorithms, Concurrency and Knowledge","author":"Ngo","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3975(96)00128-4","article-title":"Answering queries from context-sensitive probabilistic knowledge bases","volume":"171","author":"Ngo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Theoret. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB42","author":"Tab\u00e1r","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-198903000-00012","article-title":"Some practical issues of experimental design and data analysis in radiological ROC studies","volume":"24","author":"Metz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1118\/1.596845","article-title":"Computerized detection of clustered microcalcifications in digital mammograms: applications of artificial neural networks","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440020119016","article-title":"Variability in the interpretations of screening mammograms by US radiologists: findings from a national sample","volume":"156","author":"Beam","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Int. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-198609000-00009","article-title":"ROC methodology in radiologic imaging","volume":"21","author":"Metz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.184.3.1509042","article-title":"Reading and decision aids for improved accuracy and standardization of mammographic diagnosis","volume":"184","author":"D'Orsi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19941201)74:11<2944::AID-CNCR2820741109>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Prediction of breast cancer malignancy using an artifieial neural network","volume":"74","author":"Floyd","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.196.3.7644649","article-title":"Breast cancer: prediction with artificial neural network based on BI-RADS standardized lexicon","volume":"196","author":"Baker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(05)80057-1","article-title":"Computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer: artificial neural network approach for optimized merging of mammographic features","volume":"2","author":"Lo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.1.8539365","article-title":"Artificial neural network: improving the quality of breast biopsy recommendations","volume":"198","author":"Baker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597287","article-title":"Effect of case selection on the performance of computer-aided detection schemes","volume":"21","author":"Nishikawa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7373(92)90058-S","article-title":"Explanation and artificial neural networks","volume":"37","author":"Diederich","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Machine Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4809(81)90012-4","article-title":"An analysis of physician attitudes regarding computer-based clinical consultation systems","volume":"14","author":"Teach","year":"1981","journal-title":"Comput. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB55","first-page":"17","article-title":"Qualitative propagation and scenario-based approaches to explanation of probabilistic reasoning","volume":"6","author":"Henrion","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1993.1017","article-title":"An evaluation of explanations of probabilistic inference","volume":"26","author":"Suermondt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Comput. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB57","series-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care","first-page":"770","article-title":"Generating explanations and tutorial problems from Bayesian networks","author":"Haddawy","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(96)00039-X_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Haddawy, J. Jacobson and C.E. Kahn Jr, BANTER: a Bayesian network tutoring shell, Artif. Intell. Med. (in press).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0933-3657(96)00374-0"}],"container-title":["Computers in Biology and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001048259600039X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001048259600039X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:32:42Z","timestamp":1733358762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001048259600039X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S001048259600039X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0010-4825(96)00039-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-4825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-4825","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}}}