{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:23:54Z","timestamp":1777454634059,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,6,1]],"date-time":"1998-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":896659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers in Biology and Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0010-4825(98)00005-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T15:05:05Z","timestamp":1027609505000},"page":"121-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["A software package for non-invasive, real-time beat-to-beat monitoring of stroke volume, blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and for assessment of autonomic functionAn updated and improved software version for Windows 95\/NT and the complete biosignal electronics (ECG, ICG, beat-to-beat and oscillometric blood pressure and pulse oxymetry) will be supplied in a compact instrument by: CNSystems Medical Equipment Inc. Heinrichstrasse 22 A-8010 Graz, Austria, Europe. Tel: +43\/316\/3631-0; Fax: +43\/316\/3631-20; E-mail: sales@cnsystems.at; Internet: http.\/\/www.cnsytems.at"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Gerfried","family":"Gratze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Holler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Grasenick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Pfurtscheller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Wach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Sch\u00f6negger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kotanko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Falko","family":"Skrabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB1","unstructured":"W.G. Kubicek, Applications of the Minnesota Impedance cardiography. Development and evaluation of an impedance cardiographic system to measure cardiac output and other parameters, University of Minnesota College of Medical Sciences, 1970, pp. 1\u20135"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB2","unstructured":"B.B. Sramek, NCCOM-3, BoMed Manufacturing Co., Iruine, CA, Non-invasive continous cardiac output monitor, US Patent 4 450 527, 1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.1.200","article-title":"Determination of cardiac output using ensemble averaged impedance cardiogram","volume":"58","author":"Muzi","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02368071","article-title":"New signal processing techniques for improved precision of non-invasive impedance cardiography","volume":"17","author":"Nagel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02368072","article-title":"An impedance cardiography system: a new design","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB6","first-page":"1208","article-title":"Development and evaluation of an impedance cardiac output system","volume":"37","author":"Kubicek","year":"1966","journal-title":"Aerospace Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.W. de Boer, J.M. Karemaker, J. Strackee, Comparing spectra of a series of point events particularly for heart rate variability data, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. (1984) 384\u2013387","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1984.325351"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.41.5.633","article-title":"Power spectral analysis of heart-rate variations improves assessment of diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy","volume":"41","author":"Bellavere","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB9","unstructured":"G. Parati, St. Omboni, A. Frattola, M. Di Rienzo, A. Zanchetti, G. Mancia, Dynamic evaluation of the baroreflex in ambulant subject, in: di Rienzo et al. (Eds.), Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability, IOS Press, 1992, pp. 123\u2013137"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB10","unstructured":"F. Fortin, Evaluation and redevelopment of a non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring system, M.Sc. thesis, Technical University of Graz, 1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1515\/bmte.1995.40.1-2.14","article-title":"Real-time measurement of stroke volume: an adaptive monitoring system and its application","volume":"40","author":"Grasenick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biomed. Techn."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB12","unstructured":"P. Frauscher, Analysis of electro-, phono- and impedance cardiographic signals for the non-invasive computation of the stroke volume, M.Sc. thesis, Technical University of Graz, 1993"},{"issue":"Part 2","key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-2-308","article-title":"Assessment of cardiovascular effects in diabetic autonomic neuropathy and prognostic implications","volume":"92","author":"Ewing","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann. Int. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/24.3.214","article-title":"Non-invasive continuous finger blood pressure measurement during orthostatic stress compared to intra-arterial pressure","volume":"24","author":"Imholz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.13.6.647","article-title":"Comparison of finger and intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring at rest and during laboratory testing","volume":"13","author":"Parati","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/22.6.390","article-title":"Continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring: reliability of Finapres device during the Valsalva manoeuvre","volume":"22","author":"Imholz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1992.tb00309.x","article-title":"Non-invasive versus invasive beat-to-beat monitoring of blood pressure","volume":"12","author":"Gabriel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019958","article-title":"Respiration-synchronous fluctuations in stroke volume, heart rate and arterial pressure in humans","volume":"472","author":"Tosca","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9572(84)90023-6","article-title":"Application of impedance cardiography in critical care medicine","volume":"11","author":"Schuster","year":"1984","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.1.200","article-title":"Determination of cardiac output using ensemble-averaged impedance cardiograms","volume":"58","author":"Muzi","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061804","article-title":"Use of impedance cardiography in evaluating the exercise response of patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Hetherington","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB22","first-page":"341","article-title":"Measurement of cardiac output by CO2 rebreathing technique. A study of reproducibility in the normal subject: application to cardiac insufficiency","volume":"86","author":"Douard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Mal. Coeur Vaiss."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)91235-V","article-title":"Validity of cardiac output measurement by computer-averaged impedance cardiography, and comparison with simultaneous thermodilution determinations","volume":"69","author":"Pickett","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","article-title":"Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use","volume":"93","author":"Malik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.6.1441","article-title":"Relationship between spectral components of cardiovascular variabilities and direct measures of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans","volume":"95","author":"Pagani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.28.2.238","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of baroreflex control in borderline hypertension. Comparison with the phenylephrine method","volume":"28","author":"Watkins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/10.43620","article-title":"A comparison of the sensitivity of nine QRS detection algorithms","volume":"27","author":"Frieser","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB28","unstructured":"B.B. Sramek, D.M. Rose, A. Miyamoto, Stroke volume equation with a linear base impedance model and its accuracy, as compared to thermodilution and magnetic flow meter techniques in humans and animals, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Electrical Bioimpedance, Zadar, Yugoslavia, 1983, p. 38"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198610000-00017","article-title":"A new stroke volume equation for thoracic electrical bioimpedance: theory and rationale","volume":"14","author":"Bernstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB30","unstructured":"R. Lamberts, K.R. Visser, W.G. Zijlstra, Impedance Cardiography, Vangorcum, Assen, The Netherlands, 1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.W. Hill, F.D. Thompson, The importance of blood resistivity in the measurement of cardiac output by the thoracic impedance method, Med. Biol. Eng. (3) (1975) 187\u2013191","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02477726"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.41.4.651","article-title":"The first derivative thoracic impedance cardiogram","volume":"41","author":"Lababidi","year":"1970","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1986.325870","article-title":"Cardiac output monitoring by impedance cardiography during treadmill exercise","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02368071","article-title":"New signal processing techniques for improved precision of non-invasive impedance cardiography","volume":"17","author":"Nagel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.39.3.242","article-title":"A study of systolic time intervals during uninterrupted exercise","volume":"39","author":"Van de Hoeven","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. Heart J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB36","first-page":"371","article-title":"The accuracy of rapid oscillometric blood pressure determination","volume":"24","author":"Gorback","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biomed. Instrum. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0010-4825(98)00005-5_BIB37","first-page":"907","article-title":"Accuracy of blood pressure measurement by the Dinamap monitor in infants and children","volume":"79","author":"Park","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Computers in Biology and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010482598000055?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010482598000055?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]],"date-time":"2020-01-14T20:26:31Z","timestamp":1579033591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010482598000055"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0010482598000055"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0010-4825(98)00005-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-4825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-4825","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,6]]}}}