{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:20:03Z","timestamp":1770823203728,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":239,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]],"date-time":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":788918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,1]],"date-time":"1995-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":788918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,10]],"date-time":"2006-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4270,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Problems in Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0011-3840(05)80011-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,11]],"date-time":"2006-09-11T07:12:21Z","timestamp":1157958741000},"page":"1-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Malignancies of the biliary tree"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Henry A.","family":"Pitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charles J.","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Dooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib1","first-page":"69","article-title":"The management of malignant strictures of the bile duct","volume":"24","author":"Blumgart","year":"1987","journal-title":"Curr Probl Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)45292-8","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"70","author":"Jones","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197703)39:3<1267::AID-CNCR2820390338>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder in a population of southwestern American Indians","volume":"39","author":"Black","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib4","first-page":"77","article-title":"Gallbladder and risk of gallbladder cancer","volume":"75","author":"Lowenfels","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib5","series-title":"WHO dissemination of statistical information","article-title":"A Special listing of mortality rates of malignant neoplasms of the liver and biliary passage","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib6","first-page":"929","article-title":"Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"147","author":"Piehler","year":"1978","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920101)69:1<60::AID-CNCR2820690112>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Gallbladder cancer in Chile: a report on 54 potentially resectable tumors","volume":"69","author":"Aretxabala","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib8","series-title":"Nosocomio practico vendobonensi\u2014Part 1","article-title":"Rationis mendenchi","author":"DeStoll","year":"1788"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib9","first-page":"48","article-title":"Cholecystectomy and partial hepatectomy for carcinoma of the gallbladder with local liver extension","volume":"22","author":"Sheinfeld","year":"1947","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)40147-7","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"53","author":"Adson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib11","first-page":"333","article-title":"Epidemiological consideration of cancer of the gallbladder, bile ducts and salivary glands in the rubber industry","volume":"12","author":"Mancuso","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19831201)52:11<2086::AID-CNCR2820521120>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"An abnormal pancreatico-choledochoductal junction in cases of biliary tract carcinoma","volume":"52","author":"Suda","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90641-9","article-title":"Association of gallbladder carcinoma and anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union","volume":"89","author":"Kimura","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198508000-00008","article-title":"The relation between carcinoma of the gallbladder and an anomalous connection between the choledochus and the pancreatic duct","volume":"202","author":"Nagata","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib15","first-page":"20","article-title":"Anomalous junction of pancreaticobiliary duct without congenital choledochal cyst: a possible risk factor for gallbladder cancer","volume":"82","author":"Yamauchi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19931115)72:10<2920::AID-CNCR2820721011>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Heterogeneity in the nuclear DNA content of cells in carcinomas of the biliary tract and pancreas","volume":"72","author":"Suto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib17","first-page":"375","article-title":"Tumor DNA content in gallbladder carcinoma","volume":"40","author":"Sato","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711700111","article-title":"p53 and c-erbB-2 protein expression in adenocarcinomas and epithelial dysplasias of the gallbladder","volume":"170","author":"Kamel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296789","article-title":"Differences in antigen expression between neoplastic and nonneoplastic gallbladder epithelium: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"38","author":"Iliopoulos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib20","first-page":"386","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct in autopsy cases of the aged, with special reference to its relationship to gallstones","volume":"84","author":"Kimura","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib21","first-page":"139","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tree","volume":"67","author":"Anderson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J R Coll Surg England"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib22","first-page":"4","article-title":"Some considerations on 9412 autopsies performed in the Mexico General Hospital","volume":"102","author":"Albores","year":"1971","journal-title":"Gac Med Mex"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/12.2.156","article-title":"The epidemiology of cancer of the extrahepatic biliary tract in Bolivia","volume":"12","author":"Rios-Dalenz","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800770316","article-title":"Operative findings in patients with early forms of gallbladder cancer","volume":"77","author":"Aretxabala","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib25","first-page":"22","article-title":"it","volume":"881","author":"Vater","year":"1723","journal-title":"Wittenburgoe"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib26","first-page":"231","article-title":"Congenital choledochal cyst: new etiological concept based on anomalous relationship of the common bile duct and pancreatic bulb","volume":"12","author":"Babbitt","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ann Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib27","first-page":"1539","article-title":"A clinical study on cancer of the bile duct associated with anomalous arrangements of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system: analysis of 569 cases collected in Japan","volume":"8","author":"Aoki","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Bile Tract Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199201000-00003","article-title":"Congenital choledochal dilatation with emphasis on pathophysiology of the biliary tract","volume":"215","author":"Iwai","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800800527","article-title":"Cancer of the gallbladder associated with anomalous junction of the pancreatobiliary duct system without bile duct dilation","volume":"80","author":"Tanaka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib30","series-title":"Current surgical therapy","first-page":"367","article-title":"Biliary cysts: choledochal cysts and Caroli's disease","author":"Pitt","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib31","first-page":"535","article-title":"Comparative urinary and gallbladder carcinogenicity of N-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-2-thiazolyl) formamide and N-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl) acetamide in the dog","volume":"45","author":"Ertuck","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196109\/10)14:5<1127::AID-CNCR2820140535>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder in dogs","volume":"14","author":"Fortner","year":"1961","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-136-35293","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder induced in hamsters by insertion of cholesterol pellets and feeding dimethylnitrosamine","volume":"136","author":"Kowalewski","year":"1971","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1992.tb02760.x","article-title":"3,2\u2032-Dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-induced gallbladder carcinogenics and effects of ethinyl estradiol in hamsters","volume":"83","author":"Hasegawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)91315-1","article-title":"Association between hepatobiliary cancer and typhoid carrier state","volume":"1","author":"Welston","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib36","first-page":"989","article-title":"Intestinal metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence of the gallbladder","volume":"36","author":"Yamagiwa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib37","first-page":"107","article-title":"Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder: a premalignant lesion?","volume":"109","author":"Aldridge","year":"1991","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(66)80037-9","article-title":"Carcinoma and the calcified gallbladder","volume":"50","author":"Polk","year":"1966","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19821115)50:10<2226::AID-CNCR2820501043>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Relation of adenoma to carcinoma in the gallbladder","volume":"50","author":"Kozuka","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1989.tb02299.x","article-title":"Mucosal dysplasia of gallbladder: isolated and adjacent lesions to carcinoma","volume":"80","author":"Yamagiwa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296719","article-title":"Carcinoma and polyps of the gallbladder associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Koichi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00718587","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder: the correlation between histogenesis and prognosis","volume":"414","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658722","article-title":"Pathology of carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"15","author":"Sumiyoshi","year":"1991","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib44","first-page":"268","article-title":"Adenoendocrine cell carcinoma of the gallbladder: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study","volume":"43","author":"Ohmori","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1155\/1993\/25314","article-title":"Common bile duct obstruction by free floating tumor","volume":"6","author":"Prinz","year":"1993","journal-title":"HPB Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(11)80009-9","article-title":"Small-cell carcinoma of gallbladder: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study","volume":"187","author":"Cavazzana","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01600216","article-title":"Osteoclast-like giant cell tumour of the gallbladder","volume":"420","author":"Ito","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(92)90328-Z","article-title":"Stromal osteoclast-like giant cells in an adenosquamous carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"23","author":"Grosso","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib49","first-page":"69","article-title":"Definition and diagnosis of early cancer of the biliary tract","volume":"40","author":"Mizumoto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatogastroentroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib50","series-title":"Manual for staging of cancer","first-page":"93","article-title":"Gallbladder","author":"American Joint Committee on Cancer","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197601)37:1<141::AID-CNCR2820370121>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder: staging, treatment, and prognosis","volume":"37","author":"Nevin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711700112","article-title":"Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in benign and malignant epithelium of the gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of Vater","volume":"170","author":"Maxwell","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19921001)70:7<1838::AID-CNCR2820700705>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in primary gallbladder carcinoma without hepatic involvement","volume":"70","author":"Brown","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib54","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Gallbladder carcinoma producing human chorionic gonadotropin","volume":"85","author":"Fukuda","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529108998580","article-title":"Side effects and complications after hepatic artery embolization in the carcinoid syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Kolmannskog","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.179.1.2006272","article-title":"Early carcinoma of the gallbladder: macroscopic features and US findings","volume":"179","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1177\/028418518702800611","article-title":"Ultrasonography in carcinoma of the gallbladder, diagnostic difficulties and pitfalls","volume":"28","author":"hederstroma","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.143.2.255","article-title":"Differentiation of complicated cholecystitis from gallbladder carcinoma by computed tomography","volume":"143","author":"Smathers","year":"1984","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01889076","article-title":"Intraluminal papillary carcinoma of the gallbladder: prognostic value of computed tomography and sonography","volume":"13","author":"Araki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastrointest Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01887330","article-title":"Primary gallbladder carcinoma: imaging findings in 50 patients with pathologic correlation","volume":"16","author":"Franquet","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastrointest Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01889043","article-title":"High-field MRI of primary gallbladder carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Wilbur","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastrointest Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.101.3.605","article-title":"Preoperative diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography","volume":"101","author":"McNulty","year":"1967","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1148\/92.7.1485","article-title":"Arteriography in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease","volume":"92","author":"Rosch","year":"1969","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib64","first-page":"19","article-title":"Gallbladder carcinoma first diagnosed at microscopic examination of gallbladders removed for presumed benign disease","volume":"1","author":"Bergdahl","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197806)41:6<2413::AID-CNCR2820410647>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration biopsy of a malignant lesion in and around the pancreas","volume":"41","author":"McLaughlin","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198505000-00002","article-title":"Does preoperative percutaneous biliary drainage reduce operative risk or increase hospital cost?","volume":"201","author":"Pitt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib67","first-page":"113","article-title":"The changing role of preoperative biliary decompression","volume":"1","author":"Pitt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Perspect Gen Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib68","first-page":"473","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of computerized estimates of risk in the management of obstructive jaundice","volume":"102","author":"Little","year":"1987","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198205000-00012","article-title":"Is carcinoma of the gallbladder a curable lesion?","volume":"195","author":"Wanebo","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib70","first-page":"250","article-title":"En bloc resection of hepatic segments 4B, 5 and 6 by transverse hepatectomy","volume":"170","author":"Sugarbaker","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib71","series-title":"Current therapy in oncology","first-page":"402","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder","author":"Eckhuaser","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.2.1410354","article-title":"Malignant biliary obstruction: histologic findings after treatment with self-expandable stents","volume":"185","author":"Hausegger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib73","first-page":"348","article-title":"Acute cholecystitis occurring as a complication of percutaneous transhepatic drainage","volume":"168","author":"Lillemoe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199305010-00004","article-title":"Chemical splanchnicectomy in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"217","author":"Lillemoe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib75","series-title":"Atlas of surgical oncology","first-page":"417","article-title":"Proximal bile duct: resection and palliation","author":"Pitt","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib76","first-page":"170","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholangioenteric anastomosis in carcinoma of the hilus of the liver","volume":"140","author":"Bismuth","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surg Gyneco Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib77","series-title":"Surgery of the liver and biliary tract","first-page":"907","article-title":"Hilar and intrahepatic biliary-enteric anastomosis","author":"Blumgart","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1990.01410140115019","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"125","author":"Donohue","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658726","article-title":"Radical operations for carcinomas of the gallbladder: present status in North America","volume":"15","author":"Gagner","year":"1991","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658724","article-title":"Radical operations for carcinoma of the gallbladder: present status in Germany","volume":"15","author":"Gall","year":"1991","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199403000-00007","article-title":"Surgical treatment of 724 carcinomas of the gallbladder: results of the French surgical association survey","volume":"219","author":"Cubertafond","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658725","article-title":"Radical operations for carcinoma of the gallbladder: present status in Japan","volume":"15","author":"Ogura","year":"1991","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib83","first-page":"731","article-title":"Factors in the surgical treatment of gallbladder carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Ouchi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1989.01410020122021","article-title":"Long-term survival in carcinoma of the biliary tract","volume":"124","author":"Ouchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19881001)62:7<1425::AID-CNCR2820620730>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"62","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib86","first-page":"467","article-title":"Aggressive surgery for carcinoma of the gallbladder","volume":"106","author":"Nakamura","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib87","first-page":"846","article-title":"Parietal seeding of carcinoma of the gallbladder after laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"79","author":"Barsoum","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110313251816","article-title":"Cutaneous seeding of gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"325","author":"Drouard","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib89","first-page":"355","article-title":"Rapid development of umbilical metastases after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma","volume":"113","author":"Clair","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib90","first-page":"170","article-title":"Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for advanced carcinoma of the biliary tract","volume":"38","author":"Nimura","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810139","article-title":"Major hepatectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy for advanced carcinoma of the biliary tract","volume":"81","author":"Tsukada","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841015)54:8<1513::AID-CNCR2820540806>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Hepatic artery infusion of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin in cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma","volume":"54","author":"Smith","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib93","first-page":"713","article-title":"Primary gallbladder cancer: significance of subserosal lesions and results of aggressive surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"94","author":"Morrow","year":"1983","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19840915)54:6<965::AID-CNCR2820540603>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Eastern cooperative oncology group experience with chemotherapy for inoperable gallbladder and bile duct cancer","volume":"54","author":"Falkson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930510415","article-title":"Experimental chemotherapy for xenograft cell lines of human bile duct and gallbladder cancers in nude mice","volume":"51","author":"Tsubono","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib96","first-page":"45","article-title":"Superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy with mitomycin C in liver and gallbladder cancer","volume":"14","author":"Kairaluoma","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760508","article-title":"Gallbladder carcinoma: role of radiation therapy","volume":"76","author":"Houry","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19891101)64:9<1843::AID-CNCR2820640915>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: adjuvant postoperative external irradiation","volume":"64","author":"Bosset","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658728","article-title":"Intraoperative radiation therapy for gallbladder cancer","volume":"15","author":"Busse","year":"1991","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01658729","article-title":"Resection combined with intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) for stage IV gallbladder carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Todoroki","year":"1991","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-199208000-00010","article-title":"Intraoperative radiation therapy of extrahepatic biliary carcinoma: a report of RTOG-8506","volume":"15","author":"Wolkov","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80612-9","article-title":"Management of proximal cholangiocarcinoma by surgical resection and radiotherapy","volume":"159","author":"Cameron","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib103","first-page":"614","article-title":"Changing patterns in diagnosis and management of bile duct cancer","volume":"211","author":"Tompkins","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420200045008","article-title":"Outcomes after curative resections of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"128","author":"Nagorney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib105","article-title":"SEER Cancer Statistics review: 1973\u20131990","author":"Miller","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib106","series-title":"Cancer incidence in five countries","author":"Waterhouse","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib107","first-page":"416","article-title":"Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts: review of the literature and report of six cases","volume":"41","author":"Sako","year":"1957","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM188912121212404","article-title":"Primary cancer of the gallbladder and bile ducts","volume":"121","author":"Musser","year":"1889","journal-title":"Boston Med Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1940.01210030096008","article-title":"Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts","volume":"41","author":"Stewart","year":"1940","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1957.01280150140015","article-title":"Sclerosing carcinoma of the major intrahepatic bile ducts","volume":"75","author":"Altemeier","year":"1957","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(65)90178-6","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma of the hepatic duct at its bifurcation within the porta hepatis: an unusual tumor with distinctive clinical and pathologic features","volume":"38","author":"Klatskin","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199201000-00005","article-title":"management strategies in resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"215","author":"Bismuth","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib113","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Evidence for the stem cell origin of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"134","author":"Sell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197309000-00013","article-title":"Carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract","volume":"178","author":"Longmire","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib115","first-page":"923","article-title":"Carcinoma of the proximal bile ducts","volume":"136","author":"Ross","year":"1973","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930470213","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in hepatolithiasis: a frequently overlooked disease","volume":"47","author":"Sheen-Chen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420210134022","article-title":"Hepatic resection for hepatolithiasis","volume":"128","author":"Fan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910550116","article-title":"Late development of cholangiocarcinoma after the treatment of hepatolithiasis: immunohistochemical study of mucin carbohydrates and core proteins in hepatolithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"55","author":"Chijiiwa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700720130","article-title":"The relationship between primary carcinoma of the liver and infestation with Clonorchis sinensis","volume":"72","author":"Hou","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.172.3.2549565","article-title":"Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma and clonorchiasis: CT findings","volume":"172","author":"Choi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01536385","article-title":"Hilar cholangiocarcinoma associated with clonorchiasis","volume":"34","author":"Sher","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib122","first-page":"323","article-title":"Liver cancer in Thailand: a casecontrol study of cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"48","author":"Parkin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910480606","article-title":"Opisthorchis viverrini infestation and endogenous nitrosamines as risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand","volume":"48","author":"Srivatanakul","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1992.tb01035.x","article-title":"Opisthorchis viverrini infection in Northeast Thailand and its relationship to cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Haswell-Elkins","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18003212614","article-title":"Congenital cyst of common bile duct containing stones and undergoing cancerous change","volume":"32","author":"Irwin","year":"1944","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197909)44:3<1134::AID-CNCR2820440350>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Carcinoma arising in the wall of congenital bile duct cysts","volume":"44","author":"Todani","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1983.01390080088022","article-title":"Carcinoma in choledochal cysts: age-related incidence","volume":"118","author":"Voyles","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(83)90164-2","article-title":"Caroli's disease: a premalignant condition?","volume":"145","author":"Dayton","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198404053101407","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"310","author":"LaRusso","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90673-9","article-title":"Natural history and prognostic variables in primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"100","author":"Farrant","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.1.86","article-title":"Serum antibodies, ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"27","author":"Chapman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(94)95271-X","article-title":"Autoantibodies in sclerosing cholangitis against a shared peptide in biliary and colon epithelium","volume":"106","author":"Mandel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.11.1369","article-title":"Predicting cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis before transplantation","volume":"32","author":"Miros","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib134","first-page":"335","article-title":"Efficacy of hepatic transplantation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"177","author":"Abu-Elmagd","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040419","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"11","author":"Rosen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199101000-00004","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"213","author":"Rosen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib137","first-page":"1124","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma and sclerosing cholangitis: clinical characteristics and effect on survival after liver transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Abu-Elmagd","year":"1993","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528709011139","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"22","author":"Aadlund","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198801000-00005","article-title":"Orthotopic liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"207","author":"Marsh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4895.1030","article-title":"The liver in ulcerative colitis","volume":"2","author":"Parker","year":"1954","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529209011174","article-title":"Primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"27","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01297102","article-title":"Bile duct carcinoma in patients with ulcerative colitis: relationship to sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"32","author":"Mir-Madjlessi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196009\/10)13:5<1021::AID-CNCR2820130524>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Thorotrast-induced cancer in man","volume":"13","author":"Baserga","year":"1960","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880915)62:6<1153::AID-CNCR2820620619>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Pathomorphologic characteristics of 102 cases of Thorotrast-related hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and hepatic angiosarcoma","volume":"62","author":"Ito","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1148\/103.1.13","article-title":"Effects of long-term Thorotrast exposure","volume":"103","author":"Janower","year":"1972","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-199109000-00003","article-title":"Plutonium-or americium-induced liver tumors and lesions in beagles","volume":"61","author":"Taylor","year":"1991","journal-title":"Health Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib147","series-title":"Proceedings of the First World Congress of the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association","first-page":"25","article-title":"A cluster of cholangiocarcinoma in West Virginia","author":"Pitt","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199401203300302","article-title":"Residential random exposure and lung cancer in Sweden","volume":"330","author":"Pershagen","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(83)90213-X","article-title":"Asbestos bodies in a bile duct cancer after occupational exposure","volume":"30","author":"Szendroi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8367719","article-title":"New Seveso findings point to cancer","volume":"261","author":"Stone","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1155\/1991\/65315","article-title":"The effect of incomplete bile duct obstruction in diisopropanolnitrosamine-induced cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"3","author":"Kinami","year":"1991","journal-title":"HPB Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589109514152","article-title":"Inhibition by selenium of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma induction in Syrian golden hamsters by N'-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine","volume":"16","author":"Kise","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib153","first-page":"33","article-title":"Mortality of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls: an update","volume":"42","author":"Brown","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03290050024007","article-title":"Isoniazid and bile duct cancer","volume":"240","author":"Lowenfels","year":"1978","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib155","first-page":"7","article-title":"Biliary carcinoma associated with methyldopa therapy","volume":"500","author":"Broden","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19870615)59:12<2112::AID-CNCR2820591226>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Extrahepatic bile duct cancer and smoking, beverage consumption, past medical history, and oral-contraceptive use","volume":"59","author":"Yen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911101)68:9<2051::AID-CNCR2820680934>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Etiologic and clinical characteristics of peripheral and hilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"68","author":"Altaee","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib158","first-page":"337","article-title":"Bile duct carcinoma in Egypt: possible etiological factors","volume":"38","author":"El-Zayadi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib159","first-page":"37","article-title":"Carcinoid tumor of the common bile duct","volume":"41","author":"Dixon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Contemp Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198208000-00005","article-title":"Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bile duct","volume":"196","author":"Koo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19811001)48:7<1664::AID-CNCR2820480731>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Biliary cystadenocarcinoma with peritoneal carcinomatosis","volume":"48","author":"Iemoto","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib162","first-page":"510","article-title":"Granular cell tumors of the biliary ducts","volume":"103","author":"Farris","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198907000-00004","article-title":"Well differentiated cholangiocarcinoma: diagnostic significance of morphologic and immunohistochemical parameters","volume":"13","author":"Nakajima","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib164","first-page":"215","article-title":"Polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen staining in the cytologic differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies","volume":"35","author":"Wolber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.90","article-title":"Difference in tissue expression of tumour markers CA 19-9 and CA 50 in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"63","author":"Haglund","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib166","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Analysis of ras gene mutations in human hepatic malignant tumors by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing","volume":"50","author":"Tada","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib167","first-page":"3497","article-title":"Multiple K-ras codon 12 mutations in cholangiocarcinomas demonstrated with a sensitive polymerase chain reaction technique","volume":"51","author":"Levi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.2820690509","article-title":"High incidence of ras gene mutation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"69","author":"Tada","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1993.184","article-title":"Loss of constitutional heterozygosity on chromosomes 5 and 17 in cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"67","author":"Ding","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920901)70:5<1057::AID-CNCR2820700508>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Expression of HLA-DR in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Torii","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib171","first-page":"S53","article-title":"Immunoreactivity for c-erbB-2 oncopeptide in benign and malignant diseases of the liver","volume":"97","author":"Brunt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib172","first-page":"249","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor during carcinogenesis in the rat liver","volume":"61","author":"Minote","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nippon Geka Hokan"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930530546","article-title":"Expression of new phenotypic markers in cholangiocarcinoma and putative precursor lesions","volume":"3","author":"Roncalli","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib174","first-page":"47","article-title":"The management of proximal biliary tract tumors","volume":"15","author":"Broe","year":"1981","journal-title":"Adv Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930340103","article-title":"Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts: a postmortem study of 65 cases and review of the literature","volume":"34","author":"Sons","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199103000-00010","article-title":"Surgical management of 552 carcinomas of the extrahepatic bile ducts: results of the French surgical association survey","volume":"213","author":"Reding","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib177","first-page":"357","article-title":"Carcinoma of the major intrahepatic and the extrahepatic bile ducts exclusive of the papilla of Vater","volume":"104","author":"Kuwayti","year":"1957","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib178","series-title":"TNM atlas","author":"Spiessl","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880601)61:11<2310::AID-CNCR2820611127>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"TNM classification of malignant tumors","volume":"61","author":"Sobin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib180","first-page":"752","article-title":"Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts: results of an aggressive surgical approach","volume":"98","author":"Langer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-65-778-871","article-title":"Staging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma by ultrasound and duplex sonography: a comparison with angiography and preoperative findings","volume":"65","author":"Looser","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01888536","article-title":"Parenchymal changes of the liver in cholangiocarcinoma: CT evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Yamashita","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastrointest Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199111000-00013","article-title":"MR imaging of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Tani","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.161.2.8392787","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: spinecho and contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging","volume":"161","author":"Fan","year":"1993","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib185","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Hepato Biliary Pancreatic Association","first-page":"100A","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of hilar cholangiocarcinoma","author":"Saeki","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.169.2.3175006","article-title":"Transcatheter biopsy of lesions obstructing the bile ducts","volume":"169","author":"Cope","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.10.1188","article-title":"Cytodiagnosis in the management of extrahepatic biliary stricture","volume":"32","author":"Desa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib188","first-page":"791","article-title":"Endoscopic retrograde wire-guided brush cytology for diagnosis of patients with malignant obstruction of the bile duct","volume":"85","author":"Foutch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib189","first-page":"147","article-title":"Intraoperative fine needle aspiration of pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary masses","volume":"177","author":"Earnhordt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(81)90296-8","article-title":"Experimental and clinical studies on the effect of biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice","volume":"142","author":"Koyama","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198401000-00003","article-title":"Impaired bacterial clearance and trapping in obstructive jaundice","volume":"199","author":"Katz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(88)80723-2","article-title":"Endotoxemia in obstructive jaundice: observations on cause and clinical significance","volume":"155","author":"Thompson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(81)90014-3","article-title":"Factors influencing mortality in biliary tract surgery","volume":"141","author":"Pitt","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01798361","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma: role of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in determination of resectability","volume":"33","author":"Lynn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib195","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Association","first-page":"32A","article-title":"Is angiography useful in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma","author":"Dooley","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199006000-00001","article-title":"Is preoperative angiography useful in patients with periampullary tumors","volume":"211","author":"Dooley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(89)90583-7","article-title":"Nonoperative approach to hilar cancer determined by the atrophy-hypertrophy complex","volume":"157","author":"Hadjis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)70024-R","article-title":"Endosonographic TNM staging of extrahepatic bile duct cancer: comparison with pathological staging","volume":"100","author":"Tio","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02734120","article-title":"Metallic stents for the treatment of biliary obstruction: a report of 100 cases","volume":"15","author":"Coons","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(93)71931-4","article-title":"Bilateral internal biliary drainage of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with modified Gianturco Z stents inserted via a single percutaneous tract","volume":"4","author":"Kubota","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(92)90102-W","article-title":"Choice of palliation for malignant hilar obstruction","volume":"163","author":"Lai","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib202","first-page":"597","article-title":"Unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: percutaneous versus operative palliation","volume":"115","author":"Nordback","year":"1994","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)45293-X","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"70","author":"Yeo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib204","series-title":"Current therapy in oncology","first-page":"410","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma","author":"Ahrendt","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib205","first-page":"421","article-title":"Proximal biliary tract reconstruction: the value of preoperatively placed percutaneous biliary catheters","volume":"165","author":"Crist","year":"1987","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib206","first-page":"579","article-title":"Current management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"175","author":"Stain","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800801128","article-title":"Changing trends in the management of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"80","author":"Guthrie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19891201)64:11<2226::AID-CNCR2820641107>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Clinical experience in 20 hepatic resections for peripheral cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1155\/1992\/93976","article-title":"Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: clinical aspects, pathology and treatment","volume":"5","author":"Schlinkert","year":"1992","journal-title":"HPB Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198802000-00002","article-title":"Major liver resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"207","author":"Bengmark","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1989.01410110029005","article-title":"Proximal intrahepatic bile duct tumors: analysis of a series of 52 consecutive patients treated over a period of 13 years","volume":"124","author":"Fortner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198702000-00001","article-title":"Proximal bile duct cancer: quality of survival","volume":"205","author":"Lai","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib213","first-page":"597","article-title":"Outcome of radical surgery in hilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"107","author":"Hadjis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib214","first-page":"572","article-title":"Research into the results of resection of hilar bile duct cancer","volume":"108","author":"Boerma","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199301000-00005","article-title":"Improvements in survival by aggressive resections of hilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"217","author":"Baer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib216","first-page":"968","article-title":"Comparison of outcome between extended and nonextended liver resections for neoplasms","volume":"114","author":"Vauthey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198901000-00013","article-title":"The role of liver transplantation in hepatobiliary malignancy: a retrospective analysis of 95 patients with particular regard to tumor stage and recurrence","volume":"209","author":"Ringe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199202010-00021","article-title":"Liver transplantation for primary hepatic cancer","volume":"53","author":"Haug","year":"1992","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80696-8","article-title":"Is liver transplantation indicated for cholangiocarcinoma?","volume":"166","author":"Goldstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01613278","article-title":"Rifampicin as cytotoxic agent for cholangiocarcinoma: preliminary report of seven cases","volume":"117","author":"Sali","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(88)90319-7","article-title":"Definitive radiation therapy in bile duct carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Hayes","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib222","first-page":"350","article-title":"Does additive radiotherapy after hilar resection improve survival of cholangiocarcinoma: an analysis in sixty-four patients","volume":"45","author":"Verbeek","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687120","article-title":"Radiotherapy of cholangiocarcinoma: the roles for primary and adjuvant therapies","volume":"31","author":"Shiina","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib224","first-page":"724","article-title":"Intraoperative radiation therapy for biliary tract carcinoma: results of a 5-year experience","volume":"105","author":"Busse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-7404(92)90089-4","article-title":"Intraoperative radiotherapy for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: the Mayo Clinic experience","volume":"1","author":"Monson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800760834","article-title":"Endoscopic management of inoperable cholangiocarcinoma using iridium-192","volume":"76","author":"Ede","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib227","first-page":"523","article-title":"New strategy for treatment of carcinoma of the hilar bile duct","volume":"168","author":"Koyama","year":"1989","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-199110000-00014","article-title":"Extrahepatic biliary system cancer: an update of a combined modality approach","volume":"14","author":"Minsky","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.7.1286","article-title":"Treatment of primary hepatobiliary cancers with conformal radiation therapy and regional chemotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Robertson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib230","first-page":"1601","article-title":"Variable low dose irradiation (131Ianti-CEA) and inegrated low dose chemotherapy in the treatment of nonresectable primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"21","author":"Stillwagon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Radiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199403000-00006","article-title":"Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts: the University of California at San Francisco experience","volume":"219","author":"Schoenthaler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib232","unstructured":"Pitt HA, Nakeeb A, Abrams RA, et al. Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: postoperative radiotherapy does not improve survival. Ann Surg (in press)."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib233","first-page":"617","article-title":"Surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: four patients surviving more than five years","volume":"111","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800780629","article-title":"Combined portal vein and liver resection for carcinoma of the biliary tract","volume":"78","author":"Nimura","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib235_1","series-title":"Hepatobiliary malignancy: its multidisciplinary management","first-page":"387","article-title":"Bile duct carcinoma","author":"Yeo","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib235_2","series-title":"Hepatobiliary malignancy: its multidisciplinary management","first-page":"480","article-title":"Bile duct carcinoma","author":"Yeo","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib236","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current status of surgical palliation of periampullary carcinoma","volume":"176","author":"Lillemoe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surgery Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198901000-00003","article-title":"Pancreatic lymphoma: Is surgery mandatory for diagnosis or treatment?","volume":"209","author":"Webb","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(91)90361-G","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of sclerosing cholangiocarcinomas of the common hepatic duct (Katskisn tumors)","volume":"161","author":"Wetter","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Surg"}],"container-title":["Current Problems in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0011384005800115?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0011384005800115?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:55:48Z","timestamp":1757897748000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0011384005800115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":239,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0011384005800115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0011-3840(05)80011-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-3840"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-3840","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Malignancies of the biliary tree","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Problems in Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0011-3840(05)80011-5","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1995 Published by Mosby, Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}