{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:23:31Z","timestamp":1769117011253,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-2999(00)00677-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T17:18:16Z","timestamp":1027617496000},"page":"235-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["The brain mineralocorticoid receptor: greedy for ligand, mysterious in function"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"405","author":[{"given":"Johannes M.H.M","family":"Reul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Gesing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Droste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ingemar S.M","family":"Stec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cornelius","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Bilang-Bleuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Holsboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Astrid C.E","family":"Linthorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.14.5.779","article-title":"Subtle shifts in the ratio between pro- and antiapoptotic molecules after activation of corticosteroid receptors decide neuronal fate","volume":"14","author":"Almeida","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-98-3-676","article-title":"Corticoid receptors in rat brain: evidence for an aldosterone receptor","volume":"98","author":"Anderson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-7-4-351","article-title":"Hypothalamic control of adrenocorticotropin secretion: advances since the discovery of 41-residue corticotropin releasing factor","volume":"7","author":"Antoni","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3037703","article-title":"Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor complementary DNA: structural and functional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor","volume":"237","author":"Arriza","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-113-6-2043","article-title":"Characterization of rat brain aldosterone receptors reveals high affinity for corticosterone","volume":"113","author":"Beaumont","year":"1983","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963313","article-title":"Nuclear localization of aldosterone in rat brain cells assessed by autoradiography","volume":"35","author":"Birmingham","year":"1979","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(98)00071-9","article-title":"Corticosterone is permissive to the anxiolytic effect that results from the blockade of hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptors","volume":"60","author":"Bitran","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol., Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(81)90090-4","article-title":"Adrenal steroids and extinction behavior: antagonism by progesterone, deoxycorticosterone and dexamethasone of a specific effect of corticosterone","volume":"28","author":"Bohus","year":"1981","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB9","first-page":"E183","article-title":"Gluco- and antimineralocorticoid effects on human sleep: a role of central corticosteroid receptors","volume":"260","author":"Born","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115086","article-title":"Long-term antidepressant administration alters corticotropin-releasing hormone, tyrosine hydroxylase, and mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression in rat brain: therapeutic implications","volume":"87","author":"Brady","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB11","first-page":"37","article-title":"Regional distinctions in the regulation of type I and type II adrenal steroid receptors in the central nervous system","volume":"2","author":"Brinton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Methods for receptor binding","author":"Bylund","year":"1990","journal-title":"Methods Neurotransm. Recept."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1159\/000125250","article-title":"Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in rat brain","volume":"50","author":"Chao","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1210\/en.134.4.1611","article-title":"Male Fischer-344\/N-rats show a progressive central impairment of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis with advancing age","volume":"134","author":"Cizza","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1159\/000123575","article-title":"Identification of mineralocorticoid binding sites in rat brain by competition studies and density gradient centrifugation","volume":"37","author":"Coirini","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.2.695","article-title":"Multidrug-resistance gene (P-glycoprotein) is expressed by endothelial cells at blood\u2013brain barrier sites","volume":"86","author":"Cordon-Cardo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB17","first-page":"113","article-title":"Regulation of ACTH secretion: variations on a theme of B","volume":"43","author":"Dallman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Recent Prog. Horm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)91017-4","article-title":"Actions of d and l forms of 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate and 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate in the cat spinal cord","volume":"235","author":"Davies","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB19","first-page":"95","article-title":"Brain corticosteroid receptor balance and homeostatic control","volume":"12","author":"De Kloet","year":"1991","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3109\/10253899709014734","article-title":"Why dexamethasone poorly penetrates in brain","volume":"2","author":"De Kloet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(87)90040-0","article-title":"Feedback action and tonic influence of corticosteroids on brain function: a concept arising from the heterogeneity of brain receptor systems","volume":"12","author":"De Kloet","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-96-3-598","article-title":"Differences in corticosterone and dexamethasone binding to rat brain and pituitary","volume":"96","author":"De Kloet","year":"1975","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(77)90058-2","article-title":"Localization and role of transcortin-like molecules in the anterior pituitary","volume":"7","author":"De Kloet","year":"1977","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1210\/er.19.3.269","article-title":"Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease","volume":"19","author":"De Kloet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1019185","article-title":"Uptake and binding of [3H]aldosterone by the anterior pituitary and brain regions in adrenalectomized rats","volume":"13","author":"De Nicola","year":"1981","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1159\/000054384","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor also modulates basal activity of hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical system in humans","volume":"68","author":"Deuschle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(94)00135-B","article-title":"Differential activation of adrenal steroid receptors in neural and immune tissues of sprague dawley, fischer 344, and lewis rats","volume":"56","author":"Dhabhar","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1159\/000126592","article-title":"Antimineralocorticoid canrenoate enhances secretory activity of the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical (HPA) axis in humans","volume":"58","author":"Dodt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90742-8","article-title":"Localisation of 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-tissue specific protector of the mineralocorticoid receptor","volume":"2","author":"Edwards","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.49.030187.002145","article-title":"Adrenocortical steroids and the brain","volume":"49","author":"Funder","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-92-4-994","article-title":"The roles of plasma binding and receptor specificity in the mineralocorticoid action of aldosterone","volume":"92","author":"Funder","year":"1973","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2845584","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid action: target tissue specificity is enzyme, not receptor, mediated","volume":"242","author":"Funder","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1126\/science.175.4026.1133","article-title":"Rat brain binds adrenal steroid hormone: radioautography of hippocampus with corticosterone","volume":"175","author":"Gerlach","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB34","first-page":"707","article-title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated rise in rat brain mineralocorticoid receptor density following acute stress: functional significance","volume":"25","author":"Gesing","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-11-1-65","article-title":"Molecular properties of corticosteroid binding globulin and the sex-steroid binding proteins","volume":"11","author":"Hammond","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1996.0113","article-title":"Exacerbation of apoptosis in the dentate gyrus of the aged rat by dexamethasone and the protective role of corticosterone","volume":"140","author":"Hassan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-3-11-1886","article-title":"Localization and regulation of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor messenger RNAs in the hippocampal formation of the rat","volume":"3","author":"Herman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-09-03072.1989","article-title":"Evidence for hippocampal regulation of neuroendocrine neurons of the hypothalamo-pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis","volume":"9","author":"Herman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/318635a0","article-title":"Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA","volume":"318","author":"Hollenberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(98)90056-5","article-title":"The rationale for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRH-R) antagonists to treat depression and anxiety","volume":"33","author":"Holsboer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-17-2-187","article-title":"Antidepressants and hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical regulation","volume":"17","author":"Holsboer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1159\/000127023","article-title":"Altered hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical regulation in healthy subjects at high familial risk for affective disorders","volume":"62","author":"Holsboer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-12-2-118","article-title":"The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis","volume":"12","author":"Jacobson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2781292","article-title":"Effects of glucocorticoids and norepinephrine on the excitability in the hippocampus","volume":"245","author":"Jo\u00ebls","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4495","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.12.4495","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated changes in membrane properties of rat CA1 pyramidal neurons in vitro","volume":"87","author":"Jo\u00ebls","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90345-9","article-title":"Control of neuronal excitability by corticosteroid hormones","volume":"15","author":"Jo\u00ebls","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-08-02288.1991","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid hormones suppress serotonin-induced hyperpolarization of rat hippocampal CA1 neurons","volume":"11","author":"Jo\u00ebls","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-5-1-1","article-title":"Corticosteroid inhibition of ACTH secretion","volume":"5","author":"Keller-Wood","year":"1984","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-122-2-444","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor in magnocellular neurosecretory cells","volume":"122","author":"Kiss","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90435-0","article-title":"Corticosterone and dexamethasone act at different brain sites to inhibit adrenalectomy-induced adrenocorticotropin hypersecretion","volume":"474","author":"Kovacs","year":"1988","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6056","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.19.6056","article-title":"Renal mineralocorticoid receptors and hippocampal corticosterone-binding species have identical intrinsic steroid specificity","volume":"80","author":"Krozowski","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1210\/en.135.2.520","article-title":"Local administration of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta in the rat hippocampus increases serotonergic neurotransmission, hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis activity, and body temperature","volume":"135","author":"Linthorst","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-04-02920.1995","article-title":"Effect of bacterial endotoxin and interleukin-1 beta on hippocampal serotonergic neurotransmission, behavioral activity, and free corticosterone levels: an in vivo microdialysis study","volume":"15","author":"Linthorst","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01040.x","article-title":"Intraperitoneal administration of bacterial endotoxin enhances noradrenergic neurotransmission in the rat preoptic area: relationship with body temperature and hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis activity","volume":"7","author":"Linthorst","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-11-04448.1997","article-title":"Long-term intracerebroventricular infusion of corticotropin-releasing hormone alters neuroendocrine, neurochemical, autonomic, behavioral, and cytokine responses to a systemic inflammatory challenge","volume":"17","author":"Linthorst","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00878.x","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor impairment alters CNS responses to a psychological stressor: an in vivo microdialysis study in transgenic mice","volume":"12","author":"Linthorst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00484-8","article-title":"Regulation of serotonin(1A), glucocorticoid, and mineralocorticoid receptor in rat and human hippocampus- implications for the neurobiology of depression","volume":"43","author":"Lopez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-3-1194","article-title":"High affinity binding and regulatory actions of dexamethasone-type I receptor complexes in mouse brain","volume":"125","author":"Luttge","year":"1989","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1038\/220911a0","article-title":"Selective retention of corticosterone by limbic structures in rat brain","volume":"220","author":"McEwen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevNeurobiol.v12.i1-2.10","article-title":"Corticosterone and serotonergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus: functional implications of central corticosteroid receptor diversity","volume":"12","author":"Meijer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1210\/en.139.4.1789","article-title":"Penetration of dexamethasone into brain glucocorticoid targets is enhanced in mdr1A P-glycoprotein knockout mice","volume":"139","author":"Meijer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1159\/000097176","article-title":"Type I glucocorticoid receptor blockade does not affect baseline or ovine corticotropin-releasing-hormone-stimulated adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion","volume":"1","author":"Michelson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000127275","article-title":"Corticosteroid receptor function is decreased in depressed patients","volume":"65","author":"Modell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00144-9","article-title":"Hormonal response pattern in the combined DEX\u2013CRH test is stable over time in subjects at high familial risk for affective disorders","volume":"18","author":"Modell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(80)90285-X","article-title":"Evidence for a specific mineralocorticoid receptor in rat pituitary and brain","volume":"12","author":"Moguilewsky","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.15.1743437","article-title":"Corticosteroids, receptors, and the organ-specific functions of 11\u00df-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase","volume":"5","author":"Monder","year":"1991","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1994.1050","article-title":"The role of the hippocampal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in the hypothalamo\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis of the aged Fisher rat","volume":"5","author":"Morano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6334362","article-title":"Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients","volume":"226","author":"Nemeroff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00604.x","article-title":"The effect of corticosterone on reactivity to spatial novelty is mediated by central mineralocorticosteroid receptors","volume":"6","author":"Oitzl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(95)00003-7","article-title":"Corticosterone, brain mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and the activity of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis: the Lewis rat as an example of increased central MR capacity and a hyporesponsive HPA axis","volume":"20","author":"Oitzl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB71","first-page":"296","article-title":"The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in the pathophysiology of affective and anxiety disorders: laboratory and clinical studies","volume":"172","author":"Owens","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ciba Found. Symp."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00093.x","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-2 differentially affect hippocampal serotonergic neurotransmission, behavioural activity, body temperature and hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis activity in the rat","volume":"10","author":"Pauli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199412000-00067","article-title":"Type I adrenal steroid receptors prolong hippocampal long-term potentiation","volume":"5","author":"Pavlides","year":"1994","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB74","series-title":"65th Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society, San Antonio TX, U.S.A. 335","article-title":"RU 28362, a useful tool for the characterization of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors","author":"Philibert","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1159\/000126778","article-title":"Increased numbers of corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of depressed patients","volume":"60","author":"Raadsheer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.9.1372","article-title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of patients with Alzheimer's disease and depression","volume":"152","author":"Raadsheer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1159\/000125210","article-title":"On the role of brain mineralocorticoid (type-I) and glucocorticoid (type-II) receptors in neuroendocrine regulation","volume":"50","author":"Ratka","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-6-2505","article-title":"Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: microdistribution and differential occupation","volume":"117","author":"Reul","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(86)90063-4","article-title":"Anatomical resolution of two types of corticosterone receptor sites in rat brain with in vitro autoradiography and computerized image analysis","volume":"24","author":"Reul","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1150459","article-title":"Relative occupation of type-I and type-II corticosteroid receptors in rat brain following stress and dexamethasone treatment: functional implications","volume":"115","author":"Reul","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(88)80062-9","article-title":"Neurotrophic ACTH analogue promotes plasticity of type I corticosteroid receptor in brain of senescent male rats","volume":"9","author":"Reul","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-3-10-1674","article-title":"Type I and type II corticosteroid receptor gene expression in the rat: effect of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone administration","volume":"3","author":"Reul","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-127-2-907","article-title":"Binding characteristics of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in dog brain and pituitary","volume":"127","author":"Reul","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB84","series-title":"Circulating Regulatory Factors And Neuroendocrine Function","first-page":"243","article-title":"Central action of adrenal steroids during stress and adaptation","author":"Reul","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB85","first-page":"217","article-title":"Aging and the canine hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical (HPA) axis","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Reul","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(91)90168-5","article-title":"Age-related changes in the dog hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical system: neuroendocrine activity and corticosteroid receptors","volume":"40","author":"Reul","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1210\/en.133.1.312","article-title":"Chronic treatment of rats with the antidepressant amitriptyline attenuates the activity of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical system","volume":"133","author":"Reul","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1159\/000126788","article-title":"Hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis changes in the rat after long-term treatment with the reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor moclobemide","volume":"60","author":"Reul","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117272","article-title":"Prenatal immune challenge alters the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis in adult rats","volume":"93","author":"Reul","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1159\/000127272","article-title":"Increased stress-induced adrenocorticotropin response after long-term intracerebroventricular treatment of rats with antisense mineralocorticoid receptor oligodeoxynucleotides","volume":"65","author":"Reul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1210\/en.132.1.161","article-title":"Increased neuroendocrine reactivity and decreased brain mineralocorticoid receptor-binding capacity in aged dogs","volume":"132","author":"Rothuizen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0922-4106(93)90072-H","article-title":"Pharmacological and functional characterization of human mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor ligands","volume":"247","author":"Rupprecht","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol, Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(84)90150-X","article-title":"In vitro binding of tritiated glucocorticoids directly on unfixed rat brain sections","volume":"20","author":"Sarrieau","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118214","article-title":"Absence of the mdr1a P-glycoprotein in mice affects tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone, digoxin, and cyclosporin A","volume":"96","author":"Schinkel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1159\/000126180","article-title":"Antidepressants increase glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in rat hippocampus in vivo","volume":"55","author":"Seckl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB96","first-page":"457","article-title":"The serum transport of steroid hormones","volume":"38","author":"Siiteri","year":"1982","journal-title":"Recent Prog. Horm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2911756","article-title":"Selective loss of hippocampal granule cells in the mature rat brain after adrenalectomy","volume":"243","author":"Sloviter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1210\/en.130.4.2245","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of corticosteroid-binding globulin biosynthesis in the male rat","volume":"130","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00244-4","article-title":"Hippocampal mineralocorticoid, but not glucocorticoid, receptors modulate anxiety-like behavior in rats","volume":"56","author":"Smythe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90433-C","article-title":"Adrenal steroid type-I and type-II receptor binding \u2014 estimates of in vivo receptor number, occupancy, and activation with varying level of steroid","volume":"514","author":"Spencer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-121-4-1405","article-title":"Species-specificity of corticosteroid receptors in hamster and rat brains","volume":"121","author":"Sutanto","year":"1987","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90431-6","article-title":"Heterodimerization between mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor: a new principle of glucocorticoid action in the CNS","volume":"13","author":"Trapp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)35757-0","article-title":"Human P-glycoprotein transports cortisol, aldosterone, and dexamethasone, but not progesterone","volume":"267","author":"Ueda","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490210113","article-title":"Distribution of the mineralocorticoid and the glucocorticoid receptor mRNAs in the rat hippocampus","volume":"21","author":"Van Eekelen","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(91)90290-L","article-title":"Brain corticosteroid receptor gene expression and neuroendocrine dynamics during aging","volume":"40","author":"Van Eekelen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B83","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.2.B83","article-title":"Adrenocortical hyporesponsiveness and glucocorticoid feedback resistance in old male Brown Norway rats","volume":"50A","author":"Van Eekelen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Gerontol., Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022010904600","article-title":"Facilitation of feedback inhibition through blockade of glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus","volume":"22","author":"Van Haarst","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.109.4.787","article-title":"Partial colocalization of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in discrete compartments in nuclei of rat hippocampus neurons","volume":"109","author":"van Steensel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-110-6-2044","article-title":"Specificity of the adrenal steroid receptor system in rat hippocampus","volume":"110","author":"Veldhuis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.1989.tb00150.x","article-title":"Cortisol response to a combined dexamethasone\u2013human corticotrophin-releasing hormone challenge in patients with depression","volume":"1","author":"Von Bardeleben","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90133-X","article-title":"Radioautographic study of the rat brain after injection of (1,2-3H)corticosterone","volume":"89","author":"Warembourg","year":"1975","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-113-1-243","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor in rat kidney and hippocampus: characterization and quantitation by isoelectric focusing","volume":"113","author":"Wrange","year":"1983","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00612-9","article-title":"Glucocorticoids, hippocampal corticosteroid receptor gene expression and antidepressant treatment: relationship with spatial learning in young and aged rats","volume":"66","author":"Yau","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.949","article-title":"Prediction of medium-term outcome by cortisol response to the combined dexamethasone\u2013CRH test in patients with remitted depression","volume":"156","author":"Zobel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00677-4_BIB115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(00)00016-9","article-title":"Effects of the high-affinity corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor I antagonist R121919 in major depression: the first 20 patients treated","volume":"34","author":"Zobel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299900006774?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299900006774?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T02:02:44Z","timestamp":1620525764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299900006774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0014299900006774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0014-2999(00)00677-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-2999","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}}}