{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T23:42:51Z","timestamp":1772754171357,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1965,1,1]],"date-time":"1965-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-157766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Food and Cosmetics Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1965,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-6264(65)80012-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,13]],"date-time":"2004-11-13T16:59:08Z","timestamp":1100365148000},"page":"85-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Legal status and toxicity of saponins"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"A.J.","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib1_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"A study of some chemical and pharmacotoxicological properties of saponin from leaves of Saponaria vaccaria","volume":"16","author":"Abubakirov","year":"1960","journal-title":"Sbornik Nauch. Trudov. Tashkent Med. Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib1_2","first-page":"2680","volume":"56","year":"1962","journal-title":"Chem. Abstr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib2_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis der Ausscheidung der Saponine durch den Kot","volume":"86","author":"Back","year":"1917","journal-title":"Biochem. Z."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib2_2","first-page":"325","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis der Ausscheidung der Saponine durch den Kot","volume":"114","author":"Back","year":"1918","journal-title":"J. chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib3_1","unstructured":"Boletin Oficial, A\u00f1o CCCII, No. 82 (5 April 1963), 5726."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib3_2","series-title":"itCurr. Fd Addit. Legisl.","first-page":"601","author":"Boletin Oficial","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib4_1","first-page":"1451","article-title":"Sur les corr\u00e9lations entre la saponine et la vitamine B12 au cours de la croissance chez le poussin","volume":"149","author":"Brignon","year":"1955","journal-title":"C.r. S\u00e9anc. Soc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib4_2","first-page":"7975","volume":"50","year":"1956","journal-title":"Chem. Abstr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib5","first-page":"63","volume":"56","year":"1954","journal-title":"C.r. S\u00e9anc. Soc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib6","series-title":"British Pharmaceutical Codex","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02019138","article-title":"Zur Frage der Wirksamkeit der Saponineals Antivitamin D","volume":"2","author":"Brune von","year":"1960","journal-title":"Z. Ern\u00e4hrungs."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib8_1","series-title":"Food hygiene: beverages\u2014Morocco","first-page":"2108","author":"Bull. Off.","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib8_2","first-page":"414","volume":"12","year":"1961","journal-title":"Int. Dig. Hlth Legisl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib9","first-page":"280","article-title":"Saponins","volume":"9","author":"Coulson","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Sci. Fd Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19600019","article-title":"The effect of saponin, sterols and linoleic acid on the weight increase of growing rats","volume":"14","author":"Coulson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib11","first-page":"227","article-title":"Verordnung \u00fcber Essenzen und Grundstoffe (Essenzen\u2014Verordnung)","author":"Essences Order","year":"1959","journal-title":"Bundesgesetzblatt"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib12","article-title":"The poisonous action of ingested saponins","author":"Ewart","year":"1931","journal-title":"Council Sci. industr. Res. (Australia) Bull. No. 50"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib13","volume":"Vol. I","year":"1952"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib14","first-page":"12161","article-title":"Regulations under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act","volume":"28","author":"Federal Register","year":"1963","journal-title":"Title 21, Chapter I of the Code of Federal Regulations"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib15","first-page":"2558","article-title":"Regulations under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act","volume":"29","author":"Federal Register","year":"1964","journal-title":"Title 21, Chapter I of the Code of Federal Regulations"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib16","series-title":"Flavoring ingredients generally recognized as safe","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib17","first-page":"641","article-title":"Latin American Food Code: Chapter XVI.","volume":"16","author":"Fd Drug Cosmet. Law J.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Fd Drug Cosmet. Law J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib18","first-page":"355","article-title":"Latin American Food Code: Chapter XII, Nonalcoholic beverages and refreshing foods and drinks","volume":"17","author":"Fd Drug Cosmet. Law J.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Fd Drug Cosmet. Law J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib19","series-title":"Food Processing and Packaging Directory","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib20","author":"Food Standards Committee","year":"1956"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib21","series-title":"Toxicology of the Eye","author":"Grant","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib22","first-page":"424","article-title":"Dietary saponin and plasma cholesterol in the chicken","volume":"99","author":"Griminger","year":"1958"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib23","first-page":"486","article-title":"The value of certain steroidal sapogenins in rations of fattening lambs and cattle","volume":"106","author":"Hale","year":"1961"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.2331\/suisan.26.1132","article-title":"Confirmation of saponin as a toxic principle of Star fish","volume":"26","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1960","journal-title":"Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib24_2","first-page":"8499","volume":"39","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib25_1","first-page":"244","article-title":"Saponins, their properties, compositions and uses","volume":"86","author":"Kobert","year":"1911","journal-title":"Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib25_2","first-page":"293","article-title":"Saponins, their properties, compositions and uses","volume":"86","author":"Kobert","year":"1911","journal-title":"Pharm. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib26_1","series-title":"Die Saponine","author":"Kofler","year":"1927"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib26_2","article-title":"The poisonous action of ingested saponins","author":"Ewart","year":"1931","journal-title":"Council Sci. industr. Res. (Australia) Bull. No. 50"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1319(62)80017-9","article-title":"Effect of diosgenin on cholesterol metabolism","volume":"2","author":"Laguna","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib28_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Alfalfa saponins, Studies on their chemical pharmacological, and physiological properties in relation to ruminant bloat","author":"Lindahl","year":"1957","journal-title":"US Dept. Agr., Tech. Bull. No. 1161"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib28_2","first-page":"13168","volume":"51","year":"1957","journal-title":"Chem. Abstr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01201a032","article-title":"Steroidal Sapogenins","volume":"69","author":"Marker","year":"1947","journal-title":"J. Am. chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib30","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib31","article-title":"Emulsifiers and Stabilisers in Food Regulations","author":"Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib32","series-title":"Flavouring materials regarded as \u201cunsafe\u201d","author":"Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib33","first-page":"245","article-title":"Saponins","volume":"9","author":"Morgan","year":"1955","journal-title":"Soft Drinks Trade J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0370042","article-title":"Dietary saponin a factor which may reduce liver and serum cholesterol levels","volume":"37","author":"Newman","year":"1958","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/42.4.597","article-title":"Effect of sterols on the growth of chicks fed high alfalfa diets or a diet containing quillaja saponin","volume":"42","author":"Peterson","year":"1950","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)75450-1","article-title":"A micromethod for the determination of free and combined cholesterol","volume":"106","author":"Schoenheimer","year":"1934","journal-title":"J. biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib37_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Effect of glycyrrhizin on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits, especially its antihypercholesterolemic action","volume":"12","author":"Shibata","year":"1962","journal-title":"Med. J. Osaka Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib37_2","first-page":"11817","volume":"57","year":"1962","journal-title":"Chem. Abstr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib38_1","first-page":"418","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib38_2","first-page":"635","year":"1963","journal-title":"Fd Addit. Legisl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01473829","article-title":"The saponin inhibition test","volume":"32","author":"Sol\u00e9","year":"1954","journal-title":"Klin. Wschr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0370042","article-title":"Dietary saponin a factor which may reduce liver and serum cholesterol levels","volume":"37","author":"Newman","year":"1958","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib40","author":"Sollmann","year":"1957"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib41","volume":"Vol. I","author":"Spector","year":"1956"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib42_1","first-page":"815","article-title":"Pharmacology of some saponins","volume":"12","author":"Vogel","year":"1962","journal-title":"Arzneimittel-Forsch."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib42_2","first-page":"15752","volume":"57","year":"1962","journal-title":"Chem. Abstr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib43_1","first-page":"338","article-title":"Chemical and physiological studies of the saponin of sugar beets","volume":"2","author":"Wagner","year":"1958","journal-title":"Ern\u00e4hrungsforschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(65)80012-8_bib43_2","first-page":"20216","volume":"53","year":"1959","journal-title":"Chem. Abstr."}],"container-title":["Food and Cosmetics Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015626465800128?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0015626465800128?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T10:44:37Z","timestamp":1624877077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0015626465800128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1965,1]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S0015626465800128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-6264(65)80012-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0015-6264"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0015-6264","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1965,1]]}}}