{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T04:46:35Z","timestamp":1693284395031},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]],"date-time":"1990-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":660009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Man-Machine Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-7373(05)80068-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,30]],"date-time":"2006-11-30T14:30:37Z","timestamp":1164897037000},"page":"657-676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Integration of linguistic probabilities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"David V.","family":"Budescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rami","family":"Zwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Wallsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ido","family":"Erev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib1","author":"Anderson","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib2","author":"Anderson","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.17.4.B141","article-title":"Decision-making in fuzzy environment","volume":"17","author":"Bellman","year":"1970","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib4","series-title":"Modern Uses of Multiple Valued Logic","first-page":"103","article-title":"Local and fuzzy logics","author":"Bellman","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/for.3980010305","article-title":"How probable is probable? Numerical translation of verbal probability expressions","volume":"1","author":"Beyth-Marom","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Forecasting"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib6","author":"Bonissone","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib7","series-title":"Judgmental Forecasting","first-page":"63","article-title":"Subjective estimation of precise and vague uncertainties","author":"Budescu","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.14.2.281","article-title":"Decisions based on numerically and verbally expressed uncertainties","volume":"14","author":"Budescu","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib9","author":"Clemen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(84)90058-7","article-title":"The aggregation operations for decision making in probabilistic fuzzy environment","volume":"13","author":"Czogala","year":"1984","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(88)90105-3","article-title":"The problem of linguistic approximation in clinical decision making","volume":"2","author":"Degani","year":"1988","journal-title":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib12","author":"Dubois","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/03081078208934833","article-title":"A class of fuzzy measures based on triangular norms","volume":"8","author":"Dubois","year":"1982","journal-title":"International Journal of General Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(85)90027-1","article-title":"A review of fuzzy set aggregation connectives","volume":"36","author":"Dubois","year":"1985","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(84)90097-6","article-title":"Generalized means as model of compensative connectives","volume":"14","author":"Dyckhoff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib16","author":"Fillenbaum","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02189866","article-title":"On the simultaneous associativity of F(x, y) and x+y\u2212F(x, y)","volume":"19","author":"Frank","year":"1979","journal-title":"Aequationes Mathematicae"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/int.4550040405","article-title":"MILORD: The architecture and the management of linguistically expressed uncertainty","volume":"4","author":"Godo","year":"1989","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.105.3.254","article-title":"A fuzzy set approach to modifiers and vagueness in natural language","volume":"105","author":"Hersh","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib20","series-title":"Advance in Fuzzy Set Theory and Applications","first-page":"389","article-title":"Effects of context of fuzzy membership functions","author":"Hersh","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib21","volume":"Vol 1","author":"Krantz","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib22","first-page":"131","article-title":"Have fuzzy operations a psychological correspondence?","volume":"26","author":"Kulka","year":"1984","journal-title":"Studia Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.32.3.303","article-title":"Another look at an axiomatic approach to expert resolution","volume":"32","author":"Lindley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(82)80003-1","article-title":"Compensatory operators in fuzzy linear programming with multiple objective","volume":"8","author":"Luchandjula","year":"1982","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib25","first-page":"535","article-title":"Statistical metrics","volume":"28","author":"Menger","year":"1942"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.29.1.24","article-title":"An axiomatic approach to expert resolution","volume":"29","author":"Morris","year":"1983","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)90819-7","article-title":"Numbers are better than words. Verbal specifications of frequency have no place in medicine","volume":"74","author":"Nakao","year":"1983","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib28","series-title":"Fuzzy Set and Possibility Theory","first-page":"49","article-title":"The fundamental measurement of fuzziness","author":"Norwich","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(84)90047-2","article-title":"A model for the measurement of membership and the consequences of its empirical implementation","volume":"12","author":"Norwich","year":"1984","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03197362","article-title":"Fuzziness in semantic memory: Choosing exemplars of subjective categories","volume":"5","author":"Oden","year":"1977","journal-title":"Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.3.4.565","article-title":"Integration of fuzzy logical information","volume":"3","author":"Oden","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib32","series-title":"Advances in Fuzzy Set Theory and Applications","first-page":"409","article-title":"Fuzzy propositional approach to psycholinguistic problems: an application of fuzzy set theory in cognitive science","author":"Oden","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-0255(87)90506-9","article-title":"Direct and indirect scaling of membership functions of probability phrases","volume":"9","author":"Rapoport","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mathematical Modelling"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4896(84)90021-0","article-title":"Multivariate analysis using \u201cAnd\u201d and \u201cOr\u201d","volume":"7","author":"Smithson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mathematical Social Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib35","series-title":"Paper presented at the first IFSA Congress","article-title":"Fitting \u201cAnd\u201d and \u201cOr\u201d Models to Data","author":"Smithson","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib36","author":"Smithson","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(79)90023-X","article-title":"On the suitability of minimum and product operators for the intersection of fuzzy sets","volume":"2","author":"Th\u00f6le","year":"1979","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib38","series-title":"Insights in Decision Making: Theory and Applications; A Tribute to the Late Hillel Einhorn","first-page":"28","article-title":"The costs and benefits of vague information","author":"Wallsten","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(88)90044-3","article-title":"Understanding and using linguistic uncertainties","volume":"68","author":"Wallsten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.115.4.348","article-title":"Measuring the vague meaning of probability terms","volume":"115","author":"Wallsten","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(83)80073-6","article-title":"A general concept of fuzzy connectives, negations and implication based on t-norms and t-conorms","volume":"11","author":"Weber","year":"1983","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.32.3.298","article-title":"Expert resolution","volume":"32","author":"Winkler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(80)90013-5","article-title":"On a general class of fuzzy connectives","volume":"4","author":"Yager","year":"1980","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(81)90017-7","article-title":"A procedure for ordering fuzzy subsets on the unit interval","volume":"24","author":"Yager","year":"1981","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Information and Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(75)90036-5","article-title":"The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning, Part I","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1975","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(75)90046-8","article-title":"The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning, Part II","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1975","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib46_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(75)90017-1","article-title":"The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning, Part III","volume":"9","author":"Zadeh","year":"1975","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(76)80001-6","article-title":"A fuzzy algorithmic approach to the definition of complex or imprecise concepts","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1976","journal-title":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(80)90062-7","article-title":"Latent connectives in human decision making","volume":"4","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(87)90134-5","article-title":"A note on random sets and Thurstonian scaling methods","volume":"21","author":"Zwick","year":"1987","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib50","series-title":"Fuzzy Sets in Psychology","first-page":"91","article-title":"An empirical study of the integration of linguistic probabilites","author":"Zwick","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80068-9_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(89)80021-5","article-title":"Combining stochastic uncertainty and linguistic inexactness: Theory and experimental evaluation of four fuzzy probability models","volume":"30","author":"Zwick","year":"1989","journal-title":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Man-Machine Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020737305800689?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020737305800689?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T07:22:46Z","timestamp":1547191366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020737305800689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020737305800689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0020-7373(05)80068-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7373","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}}}