{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T14:27:21Z","timestamp":1774880841418,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,1,1]],"date-time":"1988-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":567993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Man-Machine Studies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0020-7373(88)80012-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,14]],"date-time":"2008-08-14T08:40:20Z","timestamp":1218703220000},"page":"549-561","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Protos: an exemplar-based learning apprentice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"E. Ray","family":"Bareiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruce W.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Craig C.","family":"Wier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib1","series-title":"Technical Report, AITR-87-50","article-title":"A survey of psychological models of concept representation","author":"Bareiss","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib2","series-title":"Cognition and Categorization","first-page":"169","article-title":"Non-analytic concept formation and the memory for instances","author":"Brooks","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib3","series-title":"Rule-based Expert Systems (The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project)","author":"Buchanan","year":"1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00114116","article-title":"Explanation-based learning: an alternate view","volume":"1","author":"DeJong","year":"1986","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib5","series-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference of The Cognitive Science Society","article-title":"Purpose-directed analogy","author":"Kedar-Cabelli","year":"1985"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0704_1","article-title":"Maintaining organization in a dynamic long-term memory","volume":"7","author":"Kolodner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib7","series-title":"PhD Dissertation","article-title":"AM: An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Discovery in Mathematics as Heuristic Search","author":"Lenat","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib8","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"246","article-title":"The representation of an evolving system of legal concepts","author":"McCarty","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib9","series-title":"Interaction: Perception, Development, and Cognition","article-title":"Structural principles of categorization","author":"Medin","year":"1983"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.9.4.607","article-title":"Relationships between item and category learning: evidence that abstraction is not automatic","volume":"9","author":"Medin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib11","series-title":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","article-title":"Constraint-based generalization: learning game-playing plans from single examples","author":"Minton","year":"1984"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116250","article-title":"Explanation-based generalization: a unifying view","volume":"1","author":"Mitchell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib13","series-title":"Machine Learning","article-title":"Learning by experimentation: acquiring and refining problem solving heuristics","author":"Mitchell","year":"1983"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib14","first-page":"23","article-title":"Signal-to-symbol transformation: HASP\/SIAP case study","volume":"3","author":"Nu","year":"1982","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib15","series-title":"Proceedings of the First International Meeting on Advances in Learning","first-page":"159","article-title":"Protos: An experiment in knowledge acquisition for heuristic classification tasks","author":"Porter","year":"1986"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116893","article-title":"Experimental goal regression: a technique for learning problem solving heuristics","volume":"1","author":"Porter","year":"1986","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116251","article-title":"Induction of decision trees","volume":"1","author":"Quinlan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib18","series-title":"Cognition and Categorization","article-title":"Principles of categorization","author":"Rosch","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(75)90024-9","article-title":"Family resemblance studies in the internal structure of categories","volume":"7","author":"Rosch","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib20","series-title":"Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People","author":"Schank","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00051578","article-title":"Transcending Inductive Category Formation in Learning","volume":"9","author":"Schank","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Behavioural and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib22","series-title":"Categories and Concepts","author":"Smith","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(78)90015-2","article-title":"A model-based method for computer-aided medical decision-making","volume":"11","author":"Weiss","year":"1978","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(88)80012-9_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Information and Control"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Man-Machine Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020737388800129?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020737388800129?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T12:56:50Z","timestamp":1545829010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020737388800129"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020737388800129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0020-7373(88)80012-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7373","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]}}}