{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T13:22:56Z","timestamp":1775308976109,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0027-5107(00)00116-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T10:39:58Z","timestamp":1027593598000},"page":"3-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Strategies and testing methods for identifying mutagenic risks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"455","author":[{"given":"James T.","family":"MacGregor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Casciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/157302a0","article-title":"Chemical production of mutations","volume":"157","author":"Auerbach","year":"1946","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"S16","key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850140603","article-title":"Origins of genetic toxicology and the Environmental Mutagen Society","volume":"14","author":"Wassom","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB3","unstructured":"M. Meselson, in: A. Hollaender (Ed.), Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for their Detection, Plenum, New York, 1971, pp. 9\u201312."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB4","unstructured":"DHEW, Subcommittee On Environmental Mutagenesis, Approaches to determining the mutagenic properties of chemicals: Risk to future generations, Committee to Coordinate Toxicology and Related Programs, U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare (DHEW), 1977, 1\u201358."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB5","unstructured":"United States Congress, Toxic Substances Control Act (1976),in: A. Hollaender,F.J. DeSerres (Eds.), Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for Their Detection vol. 5 Plenum, New York, 1978, pp. 287\u2013335."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)32698-0","article-title":"The detection of environmental mutagens","volume":"53","author":"Neel","year":"1969","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5135","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.12.5135","article-title":"Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella\/microsome test: assay of 300 chemicals","volume":"72","author":"McCann","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"S24","key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB8","first-page":"73","article-title":"Environmental mutagenesis: past and future directions","volume":"23","author":"MacGregor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB9","unstructured":"National Research Council, Identifying and Estimating the Genetic Impact of Chemical Mutagens, Committee on Chemical Environmental Mutagens, Board on Toxicology and Environmental Health Hazards, Commission on Life Sciences, National Academy Press, 1983, pp. 1\u2013295."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Brusick, Screening chemicals for genotoxic properties, Principles of Genetic Toxicology, Plenum, New York, 1987, pp. 79\u2013117, Second Edition.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1980-9_4"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB11","unstructured":"G.R. Hoffmann, Genetic toxicology, in: C.D. Klaassen (Ed.), Casarett and Doull's Toxicology, The Basic Science of Poisons, 5th edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998, pp. 269\u2013300."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1021\/ci00029a007","article-title":"The GEN-TOX program: genetic activity evaluation","volume":"21","author":"Waters","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850210106","article-title":"Mutagenicity test schemes and guidelines: U.S. EPA, office of pollution prevention and toxics and office of pesticide programs","volume":"21","author":"Auletta","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB14","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Toxicological Principles for the Safety Assessment of Direct Food Additives and Color Additives Used in Food, United States, 1982, pp. 1\u2013130."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB15","unstructured":"ICH S2B, A Standard Battery for Genotoxicity Testing of Pharmaceuticals, http:\/\/www.ifpma.org\/ich1.html, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB16","unstructured":"A. Hollender, Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for Their Detection, Plenum, New York, 1971."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB17","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Draft Toxicological Principles for the Safety Assessment of Direct Food Additives and Color Additives Used in Food (\u201cRedbook II\u201d), 1993."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB18","first-page":"255","article-title":"Toxicology testing requirements and the U.S.\u2013Japan collaborative study on in vitro tests for chromosomal aberrations","volume":"94","author":"Shelby","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/10.4.297","article-title":"Genotoxicity testing: current practices and strategies used by the pharmaceutical industry","volume":"10","author":"Purves","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB20","unstructured":"Department of National Health and Welfare, Health Protection Branch, Genotoxicity Assays Recommended in the Health Protection Branch Genotoxicity Committee Report, Ottawa, Canada, 1991."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850210104","article-title":"Genetic toxicology testing requirements: official and unofficial views from Europe","volume":"21","author":"Kirkland","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(88)90029-8","article-title":"The Japanese mutagenicity studies guidelines for pesticide registration","volume":"205","author":"Shirasu","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(99)00004-6","article-title":"ICH-harmarmonised guidances on genotoxicity testing of pharmaceuticals: evolution, reasoning and impact","volume":"436","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(87)90060-4","article-title":"Experience with mutagenicity testing of new drugs: viewpoint of a regulatory agency","volume":"182","author":"Madle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/6.2.143","article-title":"The quality of genotoxicity testing of drugs. Experiences of a regulatory agency with new and old compounds","volume":"6","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB26","first-page":"19","article-title":"Human biological relevance and the use of threshold-arguments in regulatory genotoxicity assessment: experience with pharmaceuticals","volume":"465","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(98)00119-3","article-title":"Genotoxicity tests for new chemicals in Germany: routine in vitro systems","volume":"418","author":"Broschinski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB28","unstructured":"F.J. de Serres, J. Ashby, History and design of the study, in: F.J. deSerres, J. Ashby (Eds.), Progress in Mutation Research, vol. 1. Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens, Report of the International Collaborative Program, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1981, pp. 3\u20137."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB29","unstructured":"J. Ashby, F.J. deSerres, M.D. Shelby, B.H. Margolin, M. Ishidate, G.C. Becking Jr., Introduction to: Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens: Report of the International Programme on Chemical Safety's Collaborative Study on In Vivo Assays, vol. 1, World Health Organization, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB30","unstructured":"A. Carere, G.R. Mohn, J.M. Parry, A.I. Sors, C.V. Nolan, Methods and testing strategies for evaluating the genotoxic potential of chemicals, EUR Report 15945 EN, 1995, EU, Notes for Guidance on the testing of Medicinal Products for their Mutagenic Potential, 1987."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB31","unstructured":"U.K. Department of Health, Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals for Mutagenicity, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1989."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB32","unstructured":"U.K. Department of Health, Committee on Mutagenicity (COM), Guidelines for the testing of chemicals for mutagenicity; guidelines proposal, www.doh.gov.uk\/com.htm, May 2000."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB33","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO), Guide to short-term tests for detecting mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals, Environmental Health Criteria vol. 51 World Health Organization, Geneva, 1985."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB34","unstructured":"B.A. Bridges, ICPEMC Perspectives on the scientific basis of risk assessment in genetic toxicology, in: P. Oftedal, A. Brogger (Eds.), Risk and Reason: Risk Assessment in Relation to Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens, Alan R. Liss, New York, 1986, pp. 175\u2013182."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB35","unstructured":"B.A. Bridges, M.L. Mendelsohn, Recommendations for screening for potential human germ cell mutagens: an ICPEMC working paper, in: C. Ramel, B. Lambert, J. Magnusson (Eds.), Genetic Toxicology of Environmental Chemicals, Part B: Genetic Effects and Applied Mutagenesis, Alan R. Liss, New York, 1986, pp. 51\u201365."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(88)90003-1","article-title":"Testing for mutagens and carcinogens: the role of short-term genotoxicity assays. A report prepared by The International Commission for Pretection Against Environmental Carcinogens and Mutagens (ICPEMC)","volume":"205","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB37","unstructured":"D. Brusick, J. Ashby, F. de Serres, P.H.M. Lohman, T. Matsushima, B.E. Matter, M.L. Mendelsohn, M.D. Waters, Weight-of-evidence scheme for evaluation and interpretation of short-term results, in: C. Ramel, B. Lambert, J. Magnusson (Eds.), Genetic Toxicology of Environmental Chemicals, Part B: Genetic Effects and Applied Mutagenesis, Alan R. Liss, New York, 1986, pp. 121\u2013129."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB38","first-page":"1","article-title":"A method for combining and comparing short-term genotoxicity test data","volume":"266","author":"Brusick","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB39","unstructured":"Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment, D.J. Brusick (Ed.), Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, London, 1994, pp. 1\u2013243."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB40","unstructured":"UKEMS Subcommittee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing, Report of the UKEMS Subcommittee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing, Part I, United Kingdom Environmental Mutagen Society, 1983."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB41","unstructured":"UKEMS Subcommittee on Guideline for Mutegenicity Testing, Report of the UKEMS Subcommittee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing, Part II, United Kingdom Environmental Mutagen Society, 1984."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1110(96)90046-9","article-title":"Achievements by CSGMT\/JEMS\/MMS (BMMS: the collaborative study group for the micronucleus test in the mammalian mutagenesis study group of the Environmental Mutagen Society of Japan","volume":"340","author":"Sutou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(96)00070-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the rodent micronucleus assay in the screening of IARC carcinogens (Groups 1, 2A and 2B), the summary report of the 6th collaborative study by CSGMT\/JEMS\/MMS","volume":"389","author":"Morita","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(99)00104-7","article-title":"Target organ and time-course in the mutagenicity of five carcinogens in MutaMouse\u2122: a summary report of the second collaborative study of the transgenic mouse mutation assay by JEMS\/MMS","volume":"444","author":"Suzuki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB45","unstructured":"ICH S2A, A Guidance on Specific Aspects of Regulatory Genotoxicity Tests for Pharmaceuticals, http:\/\/www.ifpma.org\/ich1.html, 1995."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.J. Kirkland (Ed.), Mutat. Res. Spec. Issue vol. 312, (1994) pp. 195\u2013318.","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(94)00006-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<162::AID-EM2>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Summary of major conclusions from the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Test Procedures (IWGTP)","volume":"35","author":"Kirkland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.1.125","article-title":"Kinetics of induction of DNA adducts, cell proliferation and gene mutations in the liver of Muta\u2122Mice treated with 5,9-dimethyldibenzo(c,g)carbazole","volume":"20","author":"Tombolan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/20.7.1357","article-title":"Effect of mitogenic or regenerative cell proliferation on lacZ mutant frequency in the liver of Muta\u2122Mice treated with 5,9-dimethyldibenzo(c,g)carbazole","volume":"20","author":"Tombolan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050679","article-title":"Diethylnitrosamine exposure-responses for DNA ethylation, hepatocellular proliferation, and intitiation of carcinogenesis in rat liver display non-linearities and thresholds","volume":"73","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.2.289","article-title":"Kinetics of DNA adduct formation and removal in mouse hepatocytes following in vivo exposure to 5,9-dimethyldibenzo(c,g) carbazole","volume":"21","author":"Renault","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB52","unstructured":"I. Purchase, Threshold methods should be used in risk assessment for genotoxic carcinogens, IUTOX Newsletter, 1998, pp. 20\u201321, July."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB53","unstructured":"J.M. Parry A. Sarrif (Eds.), Dose\u2013response and threshold-mediated mechanisms in mutagenesis, Mutat. Res. Spec. Issue vol. 465 (1999) pp. 1\u2013160."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(95)00185-9","article-title":"The genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of paracetamol: a regulatory (re)view","volume":"349","author":"Bergman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2490(97)80004-4","article-title":"Sense and nonsense in toxicity assessment of medicinal products","volume":"30","author":"Rauws","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.8.2281","article-title":"Carcinogens are mutagens: a simple test system for combining liver homogenates for activation and bacteria for detection","volume":"70","author":"Ames","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"Suppl. 18","key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850160502","article-title":"Evaluation of four in vitro genetic toxicity tests for predicting rodent carcinogenicity: confirmation of earlier results with 41 additional chemicals","volume":"16","author":"Zeiger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(91)90003-E","article-title":"Definitive relationships among chemical structure, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity for 301 chemicals tested by the U.S. NTP","volume":"257","author":"Ashby","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(95)00221-9","article-title":"IPCS harmonization of methods for the prediction and quantification of human carcinogenic\/mutagenic hazard, and for indicating the probable mechanism of action of carcinogens","volume":"352","author":"Ashby","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/1.1.3","article-title":"The prospects for a simplified and internationally harmonized approach to the detection of possible human carcinogens and mutagens","volume":"1","author":"Ashby","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(91)90024-P","article-title":"Genotoxicity under extreme culture conditions, a report from ICPEMC Task Group 9","volume":"123","author":"Scott","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(99)00175-8","article-title":"Interpretation of the biological relevance of genotoxicity test results: the importance of thresholds","volume":"464","author":"Kirkland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<191::AID-EM6>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and chromosome aberrations in vitro: experience in industry and the case for an upper limit on toxicity in the aberration assay","volume":"35","author":"Galloway","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<202::AID-EM7>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Appropriate levels of cytotoxicity for genotoxicity tests using mammalian cells in vitro","volume":"35","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2136249","article-title":"Too many rodent carcinogens: mitogenesis increases mutagenesis","volume":"249","author":"Ames","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB66","first-page":"245","article-title":"Challenge to the simple paradigm that carcinogens are mutagens and to the in vitro and in vivo assays used to test the paradigm","volume":"373","author":"Trosko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(88)90114-0","article-title":"Chemical structure, Salmonella mutagenicity and extent of carcinogenicity as indicators of genotoxic carcinogenesis among 222 chemicals tested in rodents by the U.S. NCI\/NTP","volume":"204","author":"Ashby","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB68","first-page":"3","article-title":"The influence of chemical structure on the extent and sites of carcinogenesis of 522 rodent carcinogens and 55 different human carcinogen exposures","volume":"286","author":"Ashby","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850160503","article-title":"Carcinogenicity results for 114 laboratory animal studies used to assess the predictivity of four in vitro genetic toxicity assays for rodent carcinogenicity","volume":"16","author":"Haseman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1998)32:2<106::AID-EM4>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Transgenic animal models for mutagenesis studies: Role in mutagenesis research and regulatory testing","volume":"32","author":"MacGregor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5475.2304","article-title":"Finally, the book of life and instructions for navigating it","volume":"288","author":"Pennisi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7772","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.19.7772","article-title":"Chemical carcinogensis: too many rodent carcinogens","volume":"87","author":"Ames","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(92)91535-Y","article-title":"Evaluation of the micronucleus test using a Chinese hamster cell line as an alternative to the conventional in vitro chromosomal aberration test","volume":"272","author":"Matsuoka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1218(97)00044-X","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the in vitro micronucleus test and the in vitro chromosome aberration test: industrial experience","volume":"392","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB75","unstructured":"The CB in vitro micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes, in: M. KirschVolders (Ed.), Mutat. Res. Spec. Issue vol. 392 (1997) pp. 1\u2013210."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB76","unstructured":"Chemically induced aneuploidy, in: P. Arni, S. Albertini (Eds.), Mutat. Res. Spec. Issue 410 (1998) pp. 1\u2013122."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<167::AID-EM3>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Report from the in vitro micronucleus assay working group","volume":"35","author":"Kirsch-Volders","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<206::AID-EM8>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"The single cell gel\/Comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing","author":"Tice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.T. MacGregor, L.D. Claxton, J. Lewtas, R. Jensen, W.R. Lower, G.G. Persch, Monitoring environmental genotoxicants, in: D.J. Brusick (Ed.), Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, London, 1994, pp. 171\u2013243.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003578888-5"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB80","unstructured":"P. Menichini, A. Abbondandolo, Somatic gene mutations in humans, in: B.L. Gledhill, F. Mauro (Eds.), New Horizons in Biological Dosimetry, Wiley, New York, 1991, pp. 267\u2013279."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.61.4.1306","article-title":"Mamalian cell genetics: II. Chemical induction of specific locus mutations in Chinese hamster cells in vitro","volume":"61","author":"Chu","year":"1968","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(73)90037-7","article-title":"Detection and quantification of X-ray induced mutation in cultured diploid human fibroblasts","volume":"18","author":"Albertini","year":"1973","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(77)90047-1","article-title":"A quantitative assay of mutation induction at the hypoxanthine\u2013guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO\/HGPRT system): development and definition of the system","volume":"45","author":"O'Neill","year":"1977","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(79)90069-1","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of alkylating agents in cultured mammalian cells (CHO\/HGPRT system):mutagen treatment in the presence or absence of serum","volume":"63","author":"O'Neill","year":"1979","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(78)90068-4","article-title":"Phenotypic lag and mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance in diploid human lymphoblasts","volume":"50","author":"Thilly","year":"1978","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(81)90024-5","article-title":"The use of Chinese hamster ovary cells for quantitative, specific locus mutation induction determination, and its applicability for mutagenicity testing of chemical substances: report of a U.S. invironmental protection agency genetic toxicology work group","volume":"86","author":"Hsie","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(87)90021-8","article-title":"Mammalian in vivo cytogenetic assays: analysis of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells","volume":"189","author":"Preston","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2000)153[0110:LPACOC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Lifetime persistence and clonality of chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood of mice acutely exposed to ionizing radiation","volume":"153","author":"Spruill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1999)33:1<49::AID-EM6>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Numerical and structural abnormalities detected in human sperm with a combination of multicolor FISH assays","volume":"33","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080270304","article-title":"Fluorescence in situ hybridization to Y chromosomes in decondensed human sperm nuclei","volume":"27","author":"Wyrobek","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(94)90028-0","article-title":"Detection of hyperdiploidy and chromosome breakage in interphase human lymphocytes following exposure to the benzene metabolite hydroquinone using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with DNA probes","volume":"322","author":"Eastmond","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(79)90140-4","article-title":"Enumeration of 6-thioguanine-resistant peripheral blood lymphocytes in man as a potential test for somatic cell mutations arising in vivo","volume":"61","author":"Strauss","year":"1979","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.24.120190.001513","article-title":"In vivo somatic mutations in humans: measurement and analysis","volume":"24","author":"Albertini","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6617","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.21.6617","article-title":"T-cell cloning to detect the mutant 6-thioguanine resistant lymphocytes present in human peripheral blood","volume":"79","author":"Albertini","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(85)90138-1","article-title":"Somatic gene mutations in vivo as indicated by 6-thioguanine-resistant T-lymphocytes in human blood","volume":"150","author":"Albertini","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(82)90271-8","article-title":"Enumeration of thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes using autoradiography","volume":"95","author":"Morely","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(89)90033-X","article-title":"Detection of somatic mutants in man: hprt mutations in lymphocytes and hemoglobin mutations in erythrocytes","volume":"213","author":"Tates","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(83)90234-0","article-title":"Autoradiographic detection of 6-thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes in mice: a novel system in somatic mutagenesis","volume":"113","author":"Gocke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(85)90022-6","article-title":"A method to quantify spontaneous and in vivo induced thioguanine-resistant mouse lymphocytes","volume":"147","author":"Jones","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860090311","article-title":"Factors that affect the frequency of thioguanine-resistant lynphocytes in mice following exposure to ethylnitrosourea","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2860080307","article-title":"Measurement of in vivo mutant frequency in lymphocytes in the mouse","volume":"3","author":"Dempsey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(88)90044-4","article-title":"Further assessment of factors influencing measurements of thioguanine-resistant mutant frequency in circulating T-lymphocytes","volume":"204","author":"Cole","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB103","unstructured":"J. Cole, A.P.W. Waugh, D.M. Beare, G. M.Sala-Trepat, M.H.L. Stephens, HPRT mutant frequencies in circulating lymphocytes: population studies using normal donors, exposed groups and cancer-prone syndrones, in: B.L. Gledhill, F. Mauro (Eds.), New Horizons in Biological Dosimetry, Wiley, New York, 1991, pp. 319\u2013328."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850190403","article-title":"Factors influencing mutation at the hprt locus in T-lymphocytes: studies in normal women and women with benign and malignant breast masses","volume":"19","author":"Branda","year":"1992","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8734(95)00018-2","article-title":"Impact of age and environment on somatic mutation at the hprt gene of T-lymphocytes in humans","volume":"338","author":"Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(91)90195-T","article-title":"In vivo ionizing irradiations produce deletions in the hprt gene of human T-lymphocytes","volume":"250","author":"Nicklas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB107","first-page":"49","article-title":"The mutagenic effects of low level sub-acute inhalation exposure to benzene in CD-1 mice","volume":"268","author":"Ward","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2307\/3578623","article-title":"Induction of hprt mutations in mice after exposure to fission-spectrum neutron or 60Co gamma rays","volume":"136","author":"Kataoka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850220204","article-title":"Molecular analysis of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase mutants induced by glycidyl 1-napthyl ether in mouse spleen cells in vivo","volume":"22","author":"Tan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(93)90216-3","article-title":"A mouse model for the study of in vivo mutational spectra:sequence specificity of ethylene oxide at the hprt locus","volume":"288","author":"Walker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/15.4.719","article-title":"Mutagenicity of butadiene and its epoxide metabolites: II. Mutational spectra of butadiene, 1, epoxybutane and diepoxybutane at the hprt locus in splenic T-cells from exposed B6C3F1 mice","volume":"15","author":"Cochrane","year":"1994","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(94)90106-6","article-title":"Development of a cloning assay with high cloning efficiency to detect induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes in spleen of adult mice following in vivo inhalation exposure to 1,3-butadiene","volume":"309","author":"Tates","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/09553009514550481","article-title":"Mutant frequency at the H-2K class 1 and hprt genes in T-lymphocytes from the X-ray exposed mouse","volume":"67","author":"Klarmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850170302","article-title":"Induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes in Fischer 344 rats following in vivo exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea and cyclophosphamide","volume":"17","author":"Aidoo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(93)90038-F","article-title":"The effect of time after treatment, treatment schedule and animal age on the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant T-lymphocytes induced in Fischer 344 rats by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea","volume":"298","author":"Aidoo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(97)00024-0","article-title":"Development and utilization of the rat lymphocyte hprt mutation assay","volume":"387","author":"Aidoo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB117","first-page":"1875","article-title":"Marked differences in the role of O6-alkylguanine in hprt mutagenesis in T-lymphocytes of rats exposed to ethylmethanessulfonate, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-nitrosourea, or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea","volume":"55","author":"Jansen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB118","first-page":"2316","article-title":"DNA adduct formation and T-lymphocyte mutation induction in F344 rats implanted with tumorigenic doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene","volume":"55","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB119","unstructured":"L.E. Lyn-Cook, A. Aidoo, M.E. Lee, W. Wamer, Vitamin C intake influences cell proliferation and muatgenicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and bleomycin (BM) in the rat, Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 25 (1995) 32, Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(96)00086-3","article-title":"Lymphocyte mutant frequency in relation to DNA adduct formation in rats treated with tumorigenic doses of the mammary gland carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene","volume":"357","author":"Manjanatha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)27:2<162::AID-EM10>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Calorie restriction modulates chemically-induced in vivo somatic mutation frequency","volume":"27","author":"Casciano","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB122","article-title":"Hprt and lacI mutant frequency in relation to DNA adduct formation in N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene-treated Big Blue\u00ae rats","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/17.10.2183","article-title":"Induction of hprt gene mutations in splenic T-lymphocytes from rats exposed in vivo to DNA methylating agents is correlated with formation of O6-methyguanine in bone marrow and not in the spleen","volume":"17","author":"Jansen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1218(96)90079-8","article-title":"Assessment of DNA adducts and the frequency of 6-thioguanine resistant T-lymphocytes in F344 rats fed 2,4-toluenediamine or implanted with toluendiisocyanate-containing polyester polyurethane foam","volume":"367","author":"Delclos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.20.7971","article-title":"Efficient rescue of integrated shuttle vectors from transgenic mice: a model for studying mutations in vivo","volume":"86","author":"Gossen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB126","first-page":"451","article-title":"LacZ transgenic mouse models: their application in genetic toxicology","volume":"307","author":"Gossen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.35.040195.001045","article-title":"Transgenic animal models for detection of in vivo mutations","volume":"35","author":"Mirsalis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<253::AID-EM11>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"In vivo transgenic mutation assays","volume":"35","author":"Heddle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10681","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.22.10681","article-title":"Comparison of somatic mutation in transgenic versus host locus","volume":"90","author":"Tao","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB130","first-page":"165","article-title":"Comparison of in vivo mutagenesis in the endogenous Hprt gene and the lacI transgene of Big Blue\u00ae rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene","volume":"401","author":"Manjanatha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7958","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.18.7958","article-title":"Spectra of spontaneous and mutagen-induced mutations in the lacI gene in transgenic mice","volume":"88","author":"Kohler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)28:4<465::AID-EM24>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"A new transgenic mouse mutagenesis test system using Spi- and 6-thioguanine selections","volume":"28","author":"Nohmi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(93)90009-O","article-title":"ENU-induced mutagenesis at a single A:T base pair in transgenic mice containing \u03c6X174","volume":"292","author":"Burkhart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB134","first-page":"199","article-title":"Comparison of mutant frequencies and types of mutations induced by thiotepa in the endogenous Hprt gene and transgenic lacI gene of Big Blue\u00ae rats","volume":"403","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(99)00063-7","article-title":"Induction of lacZ mutation by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in various tissues of transgenic mice","volume":"444","author":"Hachiya","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(99)00060-1","article-title":"Procarbazine genotoxicity in the Muta\u2122Mouse; strong clastogenicity and organ-specific induction of lacZ mutations","volume":"444","author":"Suzuki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB137","first-page":"121","article-title":"4-Chloro-o-phenylenediamine induces a dose-related increase in GC>T:A transversions and one major DNA adduct in the liver of Big Blue\u00ae mice after 26 weeks of feed treatment","volume":"430","author":"Staedler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(00)00036-X","article-title":"2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinooxaline in lacI transgenic (Big Blue\u00ae) mice","volume":"468","author":"Itoh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(00)00005-X","article-title":"Mutagenic activity of 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide in upper aerodigestive tissue in lacZ [Muta\u2122Mouse] and the effects of 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate","volume":"466","author":"Von Pressentin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.4.653","article-title":"Increase in mutation frequency in lung of the Big Blue\u00ae rat by exposure to diesel exhaust","volume":"21","author":"Sato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.4.715","article-title":"LacI mutation spectra following benzo[a]pyrene treatment of Big Blue\u00ae mice","volume":"21","author":"Shane","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/21.1.1","article-title":"Mutational analysis of the liver, colon, and kidney of Big Blue\u00ae rats treated with 2,amino-3-methylimadazo[4,5-fquinoloine]","volume":"21","author":"Bol","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB143","article-title":"Molecular analysis of mutations in the lacI and Hprt genes of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene-treated Big Blue\u00ae rats","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)28:4<376::AID-EM11>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Relative sensitivity of the endogenous hprt gene and lacI transgene in ENU-treated B6CH3Fl mice","volume":"28","author":"Skopek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/em.2850260103","article-title":"Mutagenic response of the endogenous hprt gene and lacI transgene in benzo[a]pyrene-treated Big Blue\u00ae B6C3HF1 mice","volume":"26","author":"Skopek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB146","first-page":"4654","article-title":"Frequency and spectrum of ethylnitrosourea-induced mutation at the hprt and lacI loci in splenic lymphocytes of exposed lacI transgenic mice","volume":"56","author":"Walker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. 28","key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB147","first-page":"33","article-title":"Comparison of in vivo mutagenesis in the transgene lacI with the endogenous gene hprt in Big Blue\u00ae rats exposed to DMBA","volume":"29","author":"Manjanatha","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.A. Mittelstaedt, M.G. Manjanatha, S.D. Shelton, L.E. Lya-Cook, J.B. Chen, A. Aidoo, D.A. Casciano, R.H. Heflich, Comparison of the types of mutations induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in the lacI and hprt genes of Big Blue rats. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 31 (1998) 149\u2013156.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1998)31:2<149::AID-EM6>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"issue":"Suppl. 27","key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB149","first-page":"4","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide-induced mutations are detected at the hprt but not lacI loci on splenic T-cells of exposed Big Blue\u00ae mice","volume":"27","author":"Andrews","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(97)00063-6","article-title":"Assessment of the in vivo mutagenicity of ethylene oxide in the tissues of B6C3HF1 lacI transgenic mice following inhalation exposure","volume":"391","author":"Sisk","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(97)00062-4","article-title":"In vivo mutageicity of ethylene oxide at the hprt locus in T-lymphocytes of B6C3HF1 lacI transgenic mice following inhalation exposure","volume":"392","author":"Walker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/11.1.111","article-title":"Evaluation of a plasmid-based transgenic mouse model for detecting in vivo mutations","volume":"11","author":"Dolle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)28:4<471::AID-EM25>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"APRT: a versatile in vivo resident reporter of local mutation and loss of heterozygosity","volume":"28","author":"Stambrook","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1996)28:4<483::AID-EM26>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Development of a novel mouse tk\u00b1 embryonic stem cell line for use in mutagenicity studies","volume":"28","author":"Dobrovolsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB155","first-page":"25","article-title":"Tk\u00b1 mouse model for detecting in vivo mutation in an endogenous autosomal gene","volume":"423","author":"Dobrovolsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13759","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.23.13759","article-title":"Carcinogen-induced loss of heterozygosity at the Aprt locus of somatic cells of the mouse","volume":"95","author":"Wijhoven","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(72)90066-8","article-title":"A mutational assay system using the thymidine kinase locus in mouse lymphoma cells","volume":"16","author":"Clive","year":"1972","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01538650","article-title":"High-frequency nonrandom mutational event at the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt) locus of sib-selected CHO variants heterozygous for aprt","volume":"9","author":"Bradley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Somatic Cell Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB159","first-page":"27","article-title":"Isolation of an APRT heterozygote from TK6 human lymphoblasts:predominance of multilocus loss of heterozygosity among spontaneous APRT mutants","volume":"377","author":"Pongsaensook","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(97)00026-4","article-title":"Geotypic selection methods for the direct analysis of point mutations","volume":"387","author":"Parsons","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2280(1998)32:3<200::AID-EM2>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Detection of basepair substitution mutation at a frequency of 1\u00d710\u22127 by combining two genotypic selection methods, MutEx enrichment and allele-specific competitive blocker PCR","volume":"32","author":"Parsons","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0_BIB162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1486","article-title":"Global response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to an alkylating agent","volume":"96","author":"Jelinski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."}],"container-title":["Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0027510700001160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0027510700001160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T05:37:17Z","timestamp":1764740237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0027510700001160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"references-count":162,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0027510700001160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0027-5107(00)00116-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-1964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-1964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Strategies and testing methods for identifying mutagenic risks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00116-0","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}