{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T16:55:24Z","timestamp":1775580924626,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,1]],"date-time":"2001-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":988675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-3203(00)00051-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T04:02:47Z","timestamp":1027569767000},"page":"1057-1065","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Handwritten Farsi (Arabic) word recognition: a holistic approach using discrete HMM"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Dehghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Faez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Shridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00051-0_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1109\/83.477074","article-title":"Variable duration hidden Markov and morphological segmentation for handwritten word recognition","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00051-0_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Guillevic, C.Y. Suen, HMM-KNN word recognition engine for bank cheque processing, Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Vol. 2, Brisbane, Australia, August 1998, pp. 1526\u20131529.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1998.711998"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00051-0_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1109\/34.667887","article-title":"An off-line cursive handwriting recognition system","volume":"20","author":"Senior","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intel."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00051-0_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1109\/34.588017","article-title":"A lexicon driven approach to handwritten word recognition for real-time applications","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00051-0_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(97)00084-8","article-title":"Off-line Arabic character recognition","volume":"31","author":"Amin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00051-0_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1684(94)00090-M","article-title":"Survey and bibliography of Arabic optical text recognition","volume":"41","author":"Al-Badr","year":"1995","journal-title":"Signal Processing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00051-0_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/5.18626","article-title":"A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition","volume":"77","author":"Rabiner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00051-0_BIB8","series-title":"SOM_PAK: The Selp-Organizing Map Program Package, Version 3.1","author":"Kohonen","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00051-0_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00065-9","article-title":"Threshold selection using Renyi's entropy","volume":"30","author":"Sahoo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00051-0_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19961501","article-title":"Algorithm for stroke width compensation of handwritten characters","volume":"32","author":"Hu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00051-0_BIB11","first-page":"385","article-title":"Use of Kohonen self-organising feature maps for HMM parameter smoothing in speech recognition","volume":"139","author":"Zhao","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEE Proceedings, Part F"}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320300000510?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320300000510?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,5]],"date-time":"2019-05-05T16:56:57Z","timestamp":1557075417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031320300000510"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031320300000510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0031-3203(00)00051-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,5]]}}}