{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T05:20:28Z","timestamp":1777958428316,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]],"date-time":"2003-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1057017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-3203(03)00004-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,4]],"date-time":"2003-04-04T21:45:35Z","timestamp":1049492735000},"page":"1467-1477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Automatic classification of clustered microcalcifications by a multiple expert system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Massimo","family":"De Santo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Molinara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Tortorella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Vento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB1","series-title":"Recent Results in Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-84065-4_5","article-title":"Screening for breast cancer: opportunities, status and challenges","author":"Mc Clelland","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB2","series-title":"Breast Carcinoma","article-title":"Breast cancer incidence, mortality survival and prognosis","author":"Seidman","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1148\/127.2.335","article-title":"Isolated clustered microcalcifications in the breast","volume":"127","author":"Murphy","year":"1978","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB4","series-title":"Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Breast Calcifications","author":"Lanyi","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB5","first-page":"1623","article-title":"Conduite \u00e0 tenir devant une mammographie r\u00e9v\u00e9latrice des microcalcification group\u00e9es sans tumeur palpable","volume":"5","author":"Le Gal","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nouv. Presse Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.190.2.8284403","article-title":"Isolated clustered microcalcifications","volume":"190","author":"de Lafontan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.183.3.1584908","article-title":"Digital mammography and related technologies","volume":"183","author":"Shtern","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1142\/S021800149300073X","article-title":"Image processing and computer aided diagnosis in digital mammography","volume":"7","author":"Pisano","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognition Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.191.1.8134580","article-title":"Benefit of independent double-reading in a population-based mammography screening program","volume":"191","author":"Thurfjell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.212.3.r99au47817","article-title":"Improvement of radiologists\u2019 characterization of mammographic masses by using computer-aided diagnosis","volume":"212","author":"Chan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1109\/42.500063","article-title":"Analysis of mammographic microcalcifications using gray-level image structure features","volume":"15","author":"Dhawan","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1109\/42.491423","article-title":"Wavelet Transforms for detecting microcalcifications in mammograms","volume":"15","author":"Strickland","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1109\/42.730395","article-title":"Detection of microcalcifications in digital mammograms using wavelets","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598273","article-title":"Optimally weighted wavelet transform based on supervised training for detection of microcalcifications in digital mammograms","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598624","article-title":"A wavelet-based algorithm for detecting clustered microcalcifications in digital mammograms","volume":"26","author":"Lado","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(05)80431-3","article-title":"Computer-aided detection of clustered microcalcifications in digitized mammograms","volume":"2","author":"Zheng","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451441","article-title":"Artificial neural networks in mammography","volume":"187","author":"Wu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1118\/1.597891","article-title":"An improved shift invariant artificial neural network for computerized detection of clustered microcalcifications in digital mammograms","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1109\/42.538936","article-title":"Digital mammography","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1109\/97.611278","article-title":"Detection of microcalcifications in mammograms using higher order statistics","volume":"4","author":"G\u00fcrkan","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1109\/42.764896","article-title":"Statistical texture features for detection of microcalcifications in digitized mammograms","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-199810000-00006","article-title":"Identification of clustered microcalcifications on digitized mammograms using morphology and topography-based computer-aided detection schemes. A preliminary experiment","volume":"33","author":"Chang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1109\/42.712133","article-title":"A novel approach to microcalcification detection using fuzzy logic technique","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001493000674","article-title":"Artificial neural network based classification of mammographic microcalcifications using image structure features","volume":"7","author":"Chitre","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognition Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(05)80164-3","article-title":"Classification of microcalcifications in radiographs of pathologic specimens for the diagnosis of breast cancer","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(98)80262-6","article-title":"Analysis of clustered microcalcifications by using a single numeric classifier extracted from mammographic digital images","volume":"5","author":"Buchbinder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB27","first-page":"234","article-title":"Application of shape analysis to mammographic calcifications","volume":"13","author":"Shen","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00085-6","article-title":"Fuzzy convex set-based pattern classification for analysis of mammographic microcalcifications","volume":"34","author":"Grohman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1109\/21.155943","article-title":"Method of combining multiple classifier systems and their application to handwritten numeral recognition","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB30","unstructured":"L. Lam, C.Y. Suen, Increasing experts for majority vote in OCR: theoretical considerations and strategies, Proceedings of the fourth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, Taiwan, 1994, pp. 245\u2013254."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1109\/34.273716","article-title":"Decision combination in multiple classifier systems","volume":"16","author":"Ho","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB32","first-page":"553","article-title":"A method of combining multiple experts for the recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1109\/34.58871","article-title":"Neural network ensembles","volume":"12","author":"Hansen","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB34","series-title":"Advances in Pattern Recognition","article-title":"A framework for classifier fusion: is it still needed?","author":"Kittler","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00088-1","article-title":"A new multi-expert combination algorithm and its application to the detection of circumscribed masses in digital mammograms","volume":"34","author":"Constantinidis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.3.8628853","article-title":"Malignant and benign clustered microcalcifications","volume":"198","author":"Jiang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598326","article-title":"Analysis of methods for reducing false positives in the automated detection of clustered microcalcifications in mammograms","volume":"25","author":"Nagel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB38","series-title":"Stork, Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis","author":"Duda","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(98)00099-5","article-title":"Classification of microcalcifications in digital mammograms using trend-oriented radial basis function neural network","volume":"32","author":"Tsujii","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001493000662","article-title":"Adaptive noise equalization and recognition of microcalcification clusters in mammograms","volume":"7","author":"Karssemeijer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognition Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3287615","article-title":"Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems","volume":"240","author":"Swets","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-198609000-00009","article-title":"ROC methodology in radiologic imaging","volume":"21","author":"Metz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980515)17:9<1033::AID-SIM784>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Maximum-likelihood estimation of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves from continuously distributed data","volume":"17","author":"Metz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00004-9_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(99)00067-4","article-title":"The promise of computer aided detection in digital mammography","volume":"31","author":"Roehrig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320303000049?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320303000049?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]],"date-time":"2019-03-23T23:51:55Z","timestamp":1553385115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031320303000049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031320303000049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0031-3203(03)00004-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]}}}