{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T09:10:46Z","timestamp":1766135446119,"version":"3.30.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-3203(03)00059-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:30:49Z","timestamp":1051749049000},"page":"1973-1983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["EM algorithms for Gaussian mixtures with split-and-merge operation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chibiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kap","family":"Luk Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"year":"2000","series-title":"Finite Mixture Models","author":"McLachlan","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB1"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","article-title":"Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm","volume":"39","author":"Dempster","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1137\/1026034","article-title":"Mixture densities, maximum likelihood and the EM algorithm","volume":"26","author":"Redner","year":"1984","journal-title":"SIAM Rev."},{"year":"1997","series-title":"The EM Algorithm and Extensions","author":"McLachlan","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB4"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1994.6.2.181","article-title":"Hierarchical mixtures of experts and EM algorithm","volume":"6","author":"Jordan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1162\/089976600300014764","article-title":"Asymptotic convergence rate of the EM algorithm for Gaussian mixtures","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1996.8.1.129","article-title":"On convergence properties for the EM algorithm","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1162\/089976600300015088","article-title":"SMEM algorithm for mixture models","volume":"12","author":"Ueda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB9","unstructured":"L. Xu, Vector quantization, cluster number selection and the EM algorithms, International Conference on Neural Networks and Signal Processing, Nanjing, China, 1995, 149\u2013152."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00095","article-title":"On Bayesian analysis of mixtures with an unknown number of components","volume":"59","author":"Richardson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/82.4.711","article-title":"Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo computation and Bayesian model determination","volume":"82","author":"Green","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB12","first-page":"3497","article-title":"A data-driven Bayesian sampling scheme for unsupervised image segmentation","volume":"6","author":"Clark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. ICASSP"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB13","first-page":"131","article-title":"Image segmentation by data driven Markov chain Monte Carlo","volume":"2","author":"Tu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. ICCV"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB14","first-page":"738","article-title":"Integrating bottom-up for object recognition by data driven Markov chain Monte Carlo","volume":"1","author":"Zhu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. CVPR"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1162\/089976601750541831","article-title":"Robust full Bayesian learning for radial basis networks","volume":"13","author":"Andrieu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"year":"1996","series-title":"Matrix Computations","author":"Golub","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB16"},{"year":"1992","series-title":"Numerical Recipes in C","author":"Press","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB17"},{"year":"1995","series-title":"Markov Random Field Modeling in Computer Vision","author":"Li","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB18"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001401000903","article-title":"A novel probabilistic model for object recognition and pose estimation","volume":"15","author":"Hornegger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognition Artif. Intell."},{"year":"2001","series-title":"Pattern Classification","author":"Duda","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB20"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1109\/72.238318","article-title":"Rival penalized competitive learning for clustering analysis RBF net, and curve detection","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"year":"1995","series-title":"Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition","author":"Bishop","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB22"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1109\/34.990138","article-title":"Unsupervised learning of finite mixture models","volume":"24","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"year":"1996","series-title":"Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks","author":"Ripley","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB24"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1109\/34.730550","article-title":"Bayesian approaches to Gaussian mixture modelling","volume":"20","author":"Roberts","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB26","first-page":"449","article-title":"Variational inference for Bayesian mixture of factor analyzers","volume":"12","author":"Ghahramani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv. NIPS"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(03)00059-1_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1162\/089976601750265045","article-title":"On-line model selection based on the variational Bayes","volume":"13","author":"Sato","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neural Comput."}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320303000591?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320303000591?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T16:11:33Z","timestamp":1734019893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031320303000591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031320303000591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0031-3203(03)00059-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-3203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}}}