{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:18:37Z","timestamp":1774437517247,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,2,1]],"date-time":"1997-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":854755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-3203(96)00079-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,5]],"date-time":"2003-04-05T02:45:35Z","timestamp":1049510735000},"page":"261-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Parametric and non-parametric unsupervised cluster analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB1","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Jain","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB2","series-title":"Algorithms for Clustering Data","author":"Jain","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB3","series-title":"Clustering Algorithms","author":"Hartigan","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB4","series-title":"Cluster Analysis","author":"Everitt","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(79)90034-7","article-title":"Validity studies in clustering methodologies","volume":"11","author":"Dubes","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Inform. Control"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1109\/34.192473","article-title":"Unsupervised optimal fuzzy clustering","volume":"11","author":"Gath","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1982.4767266","article-title":"Cluster validity for the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm","volume":"4","author":"Windham","year":"1982","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767778","article-title":"Efficient implementation of the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithms","volume":"8","author":"Cannon","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB10","series-title":"Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms","author":"Bezdek","year":"1981"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB11","first-page":"390","article-title":"Unsupervised learning algorithm for fuzzy clustering","volume":"E76-D","author":"Urahama","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1109\/34.6788","article-title":"New results in fuzzy clustering based on the concept of indistinguishability relation","volume":"10","author":"Lopez de Mautaras","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(90)90087-2","article-title":"A new approach to clustering","volume":"23","author":"Wilson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1109\/72.97913","article-title":"A neural network approach to statistical pattern classification by \u201cSemiparametric\u201d estimation of probability density functions","volume":"2","author":"Tr\u00e5v\u00e9n","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1994.6.2.270","article-title":"A probabilistic resource allocating network for novelty detection","volume":"6","author":"Roberts","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","article-title":"Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm","volume":"39","author":"Dempster","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Roy. Statist. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177704472","article-title":"On estimation of a probability density function and mode","volume":"33","author":"Parzen","year":"1962","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Stat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767748","article-title":"Scaling theorems for zero crossings","volume":"8","author":"Yuille","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1109\/T-C.1969.222678","article-title":"A nonlinear mapping for data structure analysis","volume":"18","author":"Summon","year":"1969","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB20","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Analysis of the vibromyogram in the assessment of brain injured patients","author":"Outten","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB21","first-page":"1581","article-title":"Comments on the performance of maximum entropy algorithms","volume":"66","author":"Andersen","year":"1978"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(91)90143-S","article-title":"Unsupervised texture segmentation using Gabor filters","volume":"24","author":"Jain","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1006\/ciun.1993.1024","article-title":"A review of recent texture segmentation and feature extraction techniques","volume":"57","author":"Reed","year":"1993","journal-title":"CVGIP: Image Understanding"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(85)90051-2","article-title":"A quad-tree approach to image segmentation which combines statistical and spatial information","volume":"18","author":"Spann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB25","first-page":"773","article-title":"Image segmentation by clustering","volume":"67","author":"Coleman","year":"1979"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1109\/72.159057","article-title":"A comparison of neural network and fuzzy clustering techniques in segmenting MR images of the brain","volume":"3","author":"Hall","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB27","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Haralick","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1109\/41.192665","article-title":"The analysis of natural textures using run length features","volume":"35","author":"Lob","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Indus. Electr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB29","series-title":"Digital Image Processing","author":"Pratt","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB30","series-title":"Technical Report USCIPI 940","article-title":"Textured image segmentation","author":"Laws","year":"1980"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2307\/1268541","article-title":"Outlier\u2026 s","volume":"25","author":"Beckman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00337288","article-title":"Self-organized formation of topographically correct feature maps","volume":"43","author":"Kohonen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol. Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00079-9_BIB33","series-title":"Numerical Recipes in C","author":"Press","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320396000799?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031320396000799?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T05:29:53Z","timestamp":1733290193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031320396000799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031320396000799"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0031-3203(96)00079-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,2]]}}}