{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:57:28Z","timestamp":1767707848436},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-2458(08)60176-x","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]],"date-time":"2011-01-19T05:56:15Z","timestamp":1295416575000},"page":"73-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Functional Representation and Causal Processes"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Chandrasekaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/64.79706","article-title":"Device understanding and modeling for diagnosis.","volume":"6","author":"Abu-Hanna","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Expert"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib2","unstructured":"Allemang, D. (1990). Understanding Programs as Devices. Ph.D. thesis, Ohio State University"},{"issue":"No. 6","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1109\/64.108947","article-title":"Using functional models in automatic debugging.","volume":"6","author":"Allemang","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Expert"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib4","first-page":"136","article-title":"Functional representation and program debugging.","author":"Allemang","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib5","series-title":"Understanding Devices: Representing Dynamic States.","author":"Allemang","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib6","first-page":"237","article-title":"Learning Generic Mechanisms from Experiences for Analogical Reasoning.","author":"Bhatta","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib7","first-page":"91","author":"Bonnet","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib8","author":"Bonnet","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib9","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Causal Reconstruction.","author":"Borchardt","year":"1993"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/64.79707","article-title":"Evaluating design using knowledge of purpose and knowledge structure.","volume":"6","author":"Bradshaw","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Expert"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib11","first-page":"167","article-title":"Representation and use of teleological knowledge in the multi-modeling approach.","author":"Brajnik","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib12","first-page":"720","article-title":"Seeing is believing: Why vision needs semantics. In","author":"Brand","year":"1992"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1109\/21.3464","article-title":"A critique of qualitative simulation from a consolidation viewpoint.","volume":"18","author":"Bylander","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0933-3657(90)90042-P","article-title":"Some causal models are deeper than others.","volume":"2","author":"Bylander","year":"1990","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(83)80064-9","article-title":"Deep versus compiled knowledge approaches to diagnostic problem solving.","volume":"19","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int. J. Man-Machine Studies"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0933-3657(89)90014-6","article-title":"\u2018Deep\u2019 Models and their relation to diagnosis.","volume":"1","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"1989","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib17","first-page":"57","article-title":"Design problem solving: A task analysis.","volume":"11","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"1990","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib18","first-page":"670","article-title":"Integrating imagery and visual representations.","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"1990"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1109\/64.79713","article-title":"Models vs rules, deep versus compiled, content versus form: Some distinctions in knowledge systems research.","volume":"6","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Expert"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8640.1992.tb00346.x","article-title":"QP is more than SPQR and dynamical systems theory: Response to Sacks and Doyle.","volume":"8","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"1992","journal-title":"Computational Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib21","first-page":"48","article-title":"Functional representation as design rationale.","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Computer, Special Issue on Concurrent Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib22","series-title":"Vision, Instruction and Action.","author":"Chapman","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib23","first-page":"23","article-title":"Putting functional knowledge on firmer ground.","author":"Chittaro","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/21.257765","article-title":"Functional and teleological knowledge in the multi-modeling approach for reasoning about physical systems: a case study in diagnosis.","author":"Chittaro","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (to appear)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib25","series-title":"The Nature of Explanation.","author":"Craik","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib26","first-page":"319","article-title":"Diagnosing and fixing faults in theories.","author":"Darden","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib27","series-title":"Theory Change in Science, Strategies from Mendelian Genetics.","author":"Darden","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib28","first-page":"251","article-title":"Strategies for Anomaly Resolution. Cognitive Models of Science","volume":"15","author":"Darden","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90042-0","article-title":"Diagnostic reasoning based on structure and function.","volume":"24","author":"Davis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib30","unstructured":"DeJongh, M. (1991). Integrating the Use of Device Models with Abductive Problem Solving, Ph.D thesis, Department of Computer and Information Science, Ohio State University"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib31","article-title":"How circuits work.","author":"deKleer","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib32","first-page":"155","article-title":"Assumptions and ambiguities in mechanistic mental models.","author":"de Kleer","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90037-7","article-title":"A qualitative physics based on confluences.","volume":"24","author":"deKleer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/int.4550040403","article-title":"FUR: Understanding functional reasoning.","volume":"4","author":"DiManzo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib35","unstructured":"Doyle, R. J. (1988). Hypothesizing Device Mechanisms: Opening up the Black Box. Ph.D. dissertation AI-TR 107, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(92)90025-S","article-title":"A symbolic approach to qualitative kinematics.","volume":"56","author":"Faltings","year":"1992","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib37","author":"Fikes","year":"1991"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1987.4309051","article-title":"Expert systems and diagnostic expertise in the mechanical and electrical domains.","volume":"SMC-17","author":"Fink","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90038-9","article-title":"Qualitative process theory.","volume":"24","author":"Forbus","year":"1984","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib40","first-page":"239","article-title":"Qualitative Physics: Past, Present and Future.","author":"Forbus","year":"1988"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/64.79708","article-title":"Deriving and using descriptions of purpose.","volume":"6","author":"Franke","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Expert"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib42","article-title":"A model for functional reasoning in design.","author":"Freeman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-71), London, England"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib43","first-page":"193","article-title":"Behaviour: a link between function and structure in design.","author":"Gero","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib44","unstructured":"Goel, A. K. (1989). Integration of Case-Based Reasoning and Model-Based Reasoning for Adaptive Design Problem Solving. Ph.D. thesis, Ohio State University, Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib45","first-page":"1388","article-title":"Functional representation of designs and redesign problem solving.","author":"Goel","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib46","first-page":"143","article-title":"A model-based approach to case adaptation.","author":"Goel","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib47","first-page":"605","article-title":"Model revision: A theory of incremental model learning.","author":"Goel","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib48","first-page":"283","article-title":"Representation of design functions in experience-based design.","author":"Goel","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib49","first-page":"165","article-title":"Case-based design: A task analysis. Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Engineering Design Volume II","author":"Goel","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib50","first-page":"242","article-title":"The naive physics manifesto.","author":"Hayes","year":"1979"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/64.120684","article-title":"Naive mechanics: A computational model of device use and function in design improvisation.","volume":"7","author":"Hodges","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Expert"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib52","first-page":"131","article-title":"Integrating functional models and structural domain models for diagnostic applications.","author":"Hunt","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib53","first-page":"597","article-title":"Design verification through function- and behavior-oriented representations: Bridging the gap between function and behavior.","author":"Iwasaki","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib54","first-page":"1516","article-title":"How things are intended to work: Capturing functional knowledge in device design.","author":"Iwasaki","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib55","series-title":"Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence","article-title":"Intention-based diagnosis of novice programming errors.","author":"Johnson","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib56","unstructured":"Johnson, K. P. (1993). Exploiting a Functional Model of Problem Solving for Error Detection in Tutoring. Ph.D thesis, Department of Computer and Information Science, Ohio State University"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib57","unstructured":"Jordan, D. S. (1991). The Role of Physical Properties in Understanding the Functionality of Objects, Ph.D thesis, Stanford University"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib58","unstructured":"J.R. Josephson, The Functional Representation Language FR as a Family of Data Types. 1993 The Ohio State University, Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence Research, Columbus, OH, Tech Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib59","first-page":"50","article-title":"Distinguishing between functional and behavioral models. Reasoning About Function","author":"Kaindl","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib60","unstructured":"A. Keuneke, D. Allemang. Understanding devices: Representing dynamic states. 1988 Technical Report, Ohio State University, Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib61","unstructured":"Keuneke, A. (1989). Machine Understanding of Devices: Causal Explanation of Diagnostic Conclusions. Ph.D thesis, Ohio State University"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/09528138908953694","article-title":"Exploring the \u201cNo-Function-In-Structure\u201d principle.","volume":"1","author":"Keuneke","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/64.79705","article-title":"Device representation: The significance of functional knowledge.","volume":"6","author":"Keuneke","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Expert"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90073-1","article-title":"Qualitative simulation.","volume":"29","author":"Kuipers","year":"1986","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90050-6","article-title":"SOAR: An architecture for general intelligence.","volume":"33","author":"Laird","year":"1987","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib66","first-page":"240","article-title":"Multilevel causal process modeling: Bridging the plan, execution, and device implementation gaps.","author":"Levi","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib67","unstructured":"M. Lind. Representing Goals and Functions of Complex Systems\u2014An Introduction to Multilevel Flow Modeling. 1990 Technical Report, Institute of Automatic Control Systems, Technical University of Denmark. Lyngby, Denmark"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib68","first-page":"95","article-title":"Working around faulty communication procedures using functional models.","author":"Liver","year":"1993"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib69","first-page":"115","article-title":"Device modeling environment: an interactive environment for modeling device behavior.","volume":"1","author":"Low","year":"1993","journal-title":"Intelligent Systems Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-5853(05)80059-0","article-title":"Functional modeling with goal-oriented activities for analysis of effect and failures on functions and operations","volume":"8","author":"Malin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib71","first-page":"347","article-title":"Diagnosing and fixing faults in theories, Appendix A: An implementation note.","author":"Moberg","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib72","series-title":"Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence","article-title":"Automatic program debugging for intelligent tutoring systems.","author":"Murray","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib73","first-page":"360","article-title":"Reasoning visually about spatial interactions.","author":"Narayanan Hari","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib74","first-page":"893","article-title":"Causal understanding of patient illness in medical diagnosis.","author":"Patil","year":"1981"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90072-X","article-title":"Fusion, propagation, and structuring in belief networks.","volume":"29","author":"Pearl","year":"1986","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib76","article-title":"A theory of inferred causation.","author":"Pearl","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Representation"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1109\/64.207430","article-title":"Functional representation and reasoning about the F\/A-18 aircraft fuel system.","volume":"8","author":"Pegah","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Expert"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib78","first-page":"114","article-title":"Representation and use of function in natural language understanding. Reasoning About Function","author":"Pittges","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib79","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Models of Creative Design","article-title":"Integrating case-based and model-based reasoning for creative design: Constraint discovery, model revision and case composition.","author":"Prabhakar","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib80","first-page":"299","article-title":"A system of cause-effect representation and simulation for computer-aided design.","author":"Rieger","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib81","first-page":"126","article-title":"Recognition of object functionality in goal-directed robotics. Reasoning About Function","author":"Rivlin","year":"1993"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8640.1992.tb00344.x","article-title":"Prolegomena to any future qualitative physics.","volume":"8","author":"Sacks Elisha","year":"1992","journal-title":"Computational Intelligence (Blackwell)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib83","first-page":"47","article-title":"Functional Representation of Devices and Compilation of Diagnostic Problem-Solving Systems.","author":"Sembugamoorthy","year":"1986"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1502_5","article-title":"Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Causation: Comment.","volume":"15","author":"Simon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib85","series-title":"Functional skeletons: From specification to design.","author":"Stadlbauer","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1109\/34.99242","article-title":"Achieving generalized object recognition through reasoning about association of function to structure.","volume":"13","author":"Stark","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine intelligence"},{"issue":"No. 2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib87","first-page":"129","article-title":"Diagnosis with a function-fault model.","volume":"3","author":"Steels","year":"1989","journal-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib88","unstructured":"Sticklen, J. H. (1987). MDX2, an integrated medical diagnostic system, Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University"},{"issue":"No. 2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/08839518908949928","article-title":"Integrating classification-based compiled level reasoning with function-based deep level reasoning.","volume":"3","author":"Sticklen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-8143(89)80017-2","article-title":"Distributed causal reasoning.","volume":"1","author":"Sticklen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Knowledge Acquisition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-1976(91)90064-D","article-title":"Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Computations in a Functional Framework.","volume":"4","author":"Sticklen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7177(92)90159-I","article-title":"Utilizing a functional approach for modeling biological systems.","volume":"16","author":"Sticklen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modeling"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/12.141742","article-title":"Troubleshooting based on a functional device representation: diagnosing faults in the external active thermal control system of space station FREEDOM.","author":"Sticklen","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib94","first-page":"519","article-title":"A model-based approach to blame assignment in design.","author":"Stroulia","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib95","first-page":"319","article-title":"Generic teleological mechanisms and their use in case adaptation.","author":"Stroulia","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib96","first-page":"157","article-title":"Using functional models of problem solving to learn from failure. Reasoning About Function","author":"Stroulia","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib97","first-page":"50","article-title":"Steps toward tractable envisionment via a functional approach.","author":"Sun","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib98","first-page":"232","article-title":"Integrating case-based reasoning and qualitative reasoning in engineering design.","author":"Sycara","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib99","unstructured":"Thadani, S. (1994). Constructing functional models of a device from its structural description. Ph.D thesis, Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib100","first-page":"164","article-title":"Structure-to-Function Reasoning.","author":"Thadani","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib101","unstructured":"Toth, S. (1993). Using Functional Representation for Smart Simulation of Devices, Ph.D thesis, Department of Computer and Information Science, The Ohio State University"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib102","first-page":"450","article-title":"Function sharing in mechanical design.","author":"Ulrich","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib103","first-page":"177","article-title":"Function, behavior and structure.","author":"Umeda","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib104","first-page":"626","article-title":"CFRL: A language for specifying the causal functionality of engineered devices.","author":"Vescovi","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib105","unstructured":"Weintraub, M. A. (1991). An Explanation-Based Approach to Assigning Credit, Ph.D. dissertation, The Ohio State University, Department of Computer and Information Science, Columbus, OH"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(78)90015-2","article-title":"A model-based method for computer-aided medical decision-making.","volume":"11","author":"Weiss","year":"1978","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib107","first-page":"11","article-title":"Representing function, behavior and structure during conceptual design.","author":"Welch","year":"1992"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60176-X_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90066-4","article-title":"The use of aggregation in causal simulation.","volume":"30","author":"Weld","year":"1986","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"}],"container-title":["Advances in Computers","Advances in Computers Volume 38"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T23:50:17Z","timestamp":1559951417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S006524580860176X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"references-count":108,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0065-2458(08)60176-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2458"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-2458","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}}}