{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T14:10:16Z","timestamp":1738246216793,"version":"3.34.0"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"9780120121472"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0065-2458(08)60668-3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,30]],"date-time":"2008-05-30T08:21:49Z","timestamp":1212135709000},"page":"185-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ultrasound Visualization"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib1","unstructured":"Adelson, S. J., and Hansen, C. D. (1995) Fast stereoscopic images with ray-traced volume rendering. Proceedings 1994 Symposium on Volunie Visualization, 3\u20139, 125."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90208-X","article-title":"Evaluation of a three-dimensional reconstruction to compute left ventricular volume and mass","volume":"54","author":"Ariet","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anz. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1117\/12.233258","article-title":"Automated extraction of the LV from 3D cardiac ultrasound scans","volume":"2727","author":"Ashton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proceedings of the SPIE"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib4","series-title":"Three-dimensiord ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology.","first-page":"95","article-title":"Three-dimensional ultrasound in urogynecology","author":"Athanasiou","year":"1997"},{"year":"1997","series-title":"Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology","author":"Baba","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib5"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1989.17.1.19","article-title":"Development of an ultrasonic system for three-dimensional reconstruction of the Fetus","volume":"17","author":"Baba","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.203.2.9114124","article-title":"Real-time processable three-dimensional US in obstetrics","volume":"203","author":"Baba","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1145\/142920.134061","article-title":"Merging virtual objects with the real world: seeing ultrasound imagery within the patient","volume":"26","author":"Bajura","year":"1992","journal-title":"Coryuter Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-66-787-588","article-title":"3-dimensional reconstruction of ultrasound images of the uterine cavity","volume":"66","author":"Balen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brirish Journal of Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1117\/12.131117","article-title":"Data processing for 3-D ultrasound visualization of tumour anatomy and blood flow","volume":"1808","author":"Bamber","year":"1992","journal-title":"SPIE"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib11","first-page":"1290","article-title":"Interactive parallel volume rendering","volume":"2","author":"Bapty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Signal Processing Applications and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1121\/1.413690","article-title":"Speckle structure in three dimensions","volume":"98","author":"Bashford","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1109\/58.489394","article-title":"Ultrasound three-dimensional velocity measurements by feature tracking","volume":"43","author":"Bashford","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics arid Frequency Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belohlavek, M., Dutt, V., Greenleaf, J. F., Foley, D. A., Gerber, T. C., and Seward, J. B. (1992) Multidimensional ultrasonic visualization in cardiology. IEEE I992 Ultrasonics Symposium (Cat. NO. 92CH3118\u20137), p. 1137\u201345.2.","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.1992.275998"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90594-Q","article-title":"Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the atrial septum: Normal and pathologic anatomy","volume":"22","author":"Belohlavek","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60042-1","article-title":"Three-and four-dimensional cardiovascular ultrasound imaging: A new era for echocardiography","volume":"68","author":"Belohlavek","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.2.6867354","article-title":"Common carotid artery contours reconstructed in three dimensions from parallel ultrasonic images. Work in progress","volume":"148","author":"Blankenhorn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radioiogy."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1109\/29.7550","article-title":"On detecting edges in speckle imagery","volume":"36","author":"Bovik","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Trotis. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brady, M. L., Higgins, W. E., Ramaswamy, K., and Srinivasan, R. (1995) Interactive navigation inside 3D radiological images. Proceedings 1995 Biomedical Visualization (Cat No 95TB100001), pp. 33\u201340. 84.","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOVIS.1995.528703"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90443-4","article-title":"Fetal weight estimation from ultrasonic three-dimensional head and trunk reconstructions: Evaluation in vitro","volume":"144","author":"Brinkley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Obsiet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-7346(82)90096-7","article-title":"IN vitro evaluation of an ultrasonic three-dimensional imaging and volume system","volume":"4","author":"Brinkley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ultrasonic Imaging"},{"year":"1991","series-title":"Scientific Visualization\u2013Techniques and Applications","author":"Brodlie","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib22"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib23","first-page":"633","article-title":"Dynamic three-dimensional reconstruction of ICUS images based on an EGG-gated pull-back device","volume":"1995","author":"Bruining","year":"1995","journal-title":"Computers in Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burns, P. N., Powers, J. E., Simpson, D. H., Brezina, A., Kolin, A., Chin, C. T., Uhlendorf, V., and Fritzsch, T. (1994) Harmonic power mode Doppler using microbubble contrast agents: an improved method for small vessel flow imaging. 1994 IEEE Ultrasonics Syniposium Proceedings (Cat. No. 94CH3468\u20136). p. 1547\u2013503.","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.1994.401886"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib25","unstructured":"Cabral, B., Cam, N., and Foran, J. (1995) Accelerated volume rendering and tomographic reconstruction using texture mapping hardware. Proceedings 1994 Symposium on Volume Visualization, pp. 91\u201398, 131."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1992.11.8.377","article-title":"Enhanced color flow imaging of breast cancer vasculature: Continuous wave Doppler, three-dimensional display","volume":"11","author":"Carson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib27","first-page":"751","article-title":"Three-dimensional vascular ultrasound imaging","volume":"57","author":"Cavaye","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Am. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/01376517-199310000-00007","article-title":"Noninvasive bladder volume measurement","volume":"25","author":"Chan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neuroscience. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib29","first-page":"287","article-title":"Segmentation and reconstruction of prostate from transrectal ultrasound images","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biomedical Engineering, Applications Basis Commnications"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/51.105216","article-title":"Future mends in 3D medical imaging","author":"Coatrieux","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, M. F., Painter, J., Mehta, M., and Kwan-Liu, M. (1992) Volume seedlings. Proceedings of the 1992 Symposium on Interactive 3D Gruphirs, ACM Press, pp. 139\u2013145","DOI":"10.1145\/147156.147184"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib32","first-page":"276","article-title":"The use of active shape models for locating structures in medical images","volume":"12","author":"Cootes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ininge mid Vision Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70040-0","article-title":"Randomized trial of prenatal ultrasound screening: Impact on detection, management and outcome of anomalous fetuses","volume":"171","author":"Crane","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gyrecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1006\/uimg.1994.1009","article-title":"Two-dimensional random arrays for real time volumetric imaging","volume":"16","author":"Davidsen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ultrasonic Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4809(74)90031-7","article-title":"A system for ultrasonically imaging the human heart in three dimensions","volume":"7","author":"Dekker","year":"1974","journal-title":"Comnput. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-67-799-672","article-title":"Quantification of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries by three-dimensional ultrasound","volume":"67","author":"Delcker","year":"1994","journal-title":"British Journal of Radiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(96)00119-6","article-title":"Fetal echocardiography in three and four dimensions","volume":"22","author":"Deng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(94)90052-3","article-title":"3D ultrasonic image feature localization based on magnetic scanhead tracking: in vitro calibration and validation","volume":"20","author":"Detmer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1995.14.12.919","article-title":"Volume imaging: three-dimensional appreciation of the fetal head and face","volume":"14","author":"Devonald","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.165.3.7645492","article-title":"Vascular imaging with a three-dimensional power Doppler system","volume":"165","author":"Downey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgen."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1145\/378456.378484","article-title":"Volume rendering","volume":"22","author":"Drebin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Comput. Graphics."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90040-X","article-title":"Visualization of vasculature from volume data","volume":"18","author":"Ehricke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Computers & Graphics."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1145\/108360.108363","article-title":"A triangulation algorithm from arbitrary shaped multiple planar contours","volume":"10","author":"Ekoule","year":"1991","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graphics."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(05)80673-7","article-title":"Accuracy of prostate volume measurements in vitro using three-dimensional ultrasound","volume":"3","author":"Elliott","year":"1996","journal-title":"Academic Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elvins T. T. (1992a) Volume rendering on a distributed memory parallel computer. Proceedings Visualization 92 (Cat No 92CH3201\u20131), pp. 93\u201398.","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.1992.235221"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1145\/142413.142427","article-title":"A survey of algorithms for volume visualization","volume":"26","author":"Elvins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cornpurer Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0097-8493(95)00128-X","article-title":"Volume visualization in a collaborative computing environment","volume":"20","author":"Elvins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Computers & Graphics."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elvins, T. T., and Nadeau, D. R. (1991) NETV: An experimental network-based volume visualization system. Proceedings of Visualization 91, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 239\u2013245.","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.1991.175807"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1993.03030176.x","article-title":"Measurement of limb cicumferences with three-dimensional ultrasound for fetal weight estimation","volume":"3","author":"Favre","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1993.03060375.x","article-title":"Transvaginal three-dimensional imaging","volume":"3","author":"Feichtinger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/51.544511","article-title":"3-D ultrasound imaging: a review","volume":"15","author":"Fenster","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(95)02060-8","article-title":"High resolution 3D color flow mapping: Applied to the assessment of breast vasculature","volume":"22","author":"Ferrara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-64-767-1056","article-title":"Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the gallbladder and dilated biliary tree: reconstruction from real-time B-scans","volume":"64","author":"Fine","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brit. J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.2.1789832","article-title":"Three-dimensional imaging","volume":"181","author":"Fishman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"year":"1982","series-title":"Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics","author":"Foley","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib55"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.189.1.8372222","article-title":"Imaging of the skin with 20-MHz US","volume":"189","author":"Fomage","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib57","unstructured":"Forsberg, R, Ji-Bin, Liu, Merton, D. A., Rawool, N. M., and Goldberg, B. B. (1994) In vivo evaluation of a new ultrasound contrast agent. 1994 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposiurn Proceedings (Cat No 94CH3468\u20136), p. 1555\u20138.3."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(92)90714-J","article-title":"A new approach for three-dimensional reconstruction of arterial ultrasonography","volume":"15","author":"Franceschi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/2.35199","article-title":"Interactive visualization of 3D medical data","author":"Fuchs","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuchs, H., State, A., Pisano, E. D., Garrett, W. F., Hirota, G., Livingston, M., Whitton, M. C., and Pizer, S. M. (1996) Towards performing ultrasound-guided needle biopsies from within a head-mounted display. Visualization in Biomedical Computing 4th International Conference. VBC' 96 Proceedings, pp. 591\u2013600.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0047002"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.1994.tb01061.x","article-title":"Dynamic three-dimensional echocardiographic imaging of congenital heart defects in infants and children by computer-controlled tomographic parallel slicing using a single integrated ultrasound instrument","volume":"11","author":"Fulton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib62","unstructured":"Ganapathy, U., and Kaufman, A. (1992) 3D acquisition and visualization of ultrasound data. Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Visualization in Biomedical Computing, SPIE 1808, pp. 535-545."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrett, W. F., Fuchs, H., Whitton, M. C., and State, A. (1996) Real-time incremental visualization of dynamic ultrasound volumes using parallel BSP trees. Proceedings Visuahation' 96 (IEEE Cat No 96CB36006), pp. 235\u2013240, 490","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.1996.568114"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1810080114","article-title":"A mechanical arm for spatial registration of two-dimensional echocardiographic sections","volume":"8","author":"Geiser","year":"1982","journal-title":"Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(82)90569-5","article-title":"Dynamic three-dimensional echocardiographic reconstruction of the intact human left ventricle: Technique and initial observations in patients","volume":"103","author":"Geiser","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ant. Heart J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(82)90122-3","article-title":"Three-dimensional reconstruction of echo-cardio-graphic images using the rotation method","volume":"8","author":"Ghosh","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(94)90080-9","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of three dimensional ultrasonography in volume estimation of abdominal organs","volume":"20","author":"Gilja","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ultrasound. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(94)90001-9","article-title":"Ultrasound contrast agents: A review","volume":"20","author":"Goldberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib69","unstructured":"Gorfu, Y., and Schattner, P. (1992) Parallel computation for rapid reconstruction of volumetric ultrasonic images. Proc. IEEE Workshop on Accoustics and Signal Processing. SRI International, Menlo Park, California."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00995508","article-title":"Three-dimensional imaging in ultrasound","volume":"6","author":"Greenleaf","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Medical System"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60041-X","article-title":"Multidimensional visualization in echocardiography: An introduction","volume":"68","author":"Greenleaf","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(96)00125-1","article-title":"Three-dimensional power Doppler imaging: A phantom study to quantify vessel stenosis","volume":"22","author":"Guo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib73","first-page":"397","article-title":"Three-dimensional US: preliminary clinical experience","volume":"191","author":"Hamper","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rudiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib74","unstructured":"Hashimoto, H., Shen, Y., Takeuchi, Y., and Yoshitome, E. (1995) Ultrasound 3-dimensional image processing using power Doppler image. 1995 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings An International Symposium (Cat No Y5CH35844), p. 1423\u20136.2."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.5.6.3880007","article-title":"Stereoscopic computed three-dimensional surface displays","volume":"5","author":"Herman","year":"1985","journal-title":"RadioGraphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib76","unstructured":"Hernandez, A., Basset, O., Dautraix. I., Magnin, I., Favre, and C., Gimenez, G. (1995) Stereoscopic visualization of 3D ultrasonic data for the diagnosis improvement of breast tumors. 1995 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings An International Symposium (Cat No 95CH35844), p. 1435\u20138.2."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(95)02038-1","article-title":"Spatial compounding in ultrasound imaging using an articulated scan arm","volume":"22","author":"Hernandez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1109\/58.503718","article-title":"Acquisition and stereoscopic visualization of three-dimensional ultrasonic breast data","volume":"43","author":"Hernandez","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(94)90029-9","article-title":"Ultrasonic three-dimensional reconstruction: in vitro and in vivo volume and area measurement","volume":"20","author":"Hodges","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1956.9.2.304","article-title":"Three dimensional and stero-scopic observation of body stmctures by ultrasound","volume":"9","author":"Howry","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. AppE. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(96)00022-1","article-title":"Volume estimation from multiplanar 2D ultrasound images using a remote electromagnetic position and orientation sensor","volume":"22","author":"Hughes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02056942","article-title":"Three-dimensional endorectal ultrasonography for staging of obstructing rectal cancer","volume":"39","author":"H\u00fcnerbein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1109\/58.308509","article-title":"A study of two-dimensional array transducers for limited diffraction beams","volume":"41","author":"Jian-Yu","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib84","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fast cutting operations on three dimensional volume datasets","author":"Jones","year":"1995","journal-title":"Visualization in Scientific Computing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1145\/964965.808594","article-title":"Ray tracing volume densities","volume":"10","author":"Kajiya","year":"1984","journal-title":"Comput. Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1145\/234313.234383","article-title":"Volume visualization","volume":"28","author":"Kaufman","year":"1996","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-66911-1_7","article-title":"Navigation and animation in a volume visualization system","author":"Kaufman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Models and Techniques in Computer Animation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/38.267473","article-title":"Research issues in volume visualization","volume":"14","author":"Kaufman","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.192.1.8208948","article-title":"Three-dimensional US of the fetus\u2013work in progress","volume":"192","author":"Kelly","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib90","unstructured":"Kim, J. J., and Jeong, Y. C. (1996). An efficient volume visualization algorithm for rendering isosurface and ray casted images. 1996 Pucific Graphics Conference Proceedings, pp. 91\u2013105."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1990.9.9.525","article-title":"Three-dimensional spatial registration and interactive display of position and orientation of real-time ultrasound images","volume":"9","author":"King","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1991.10.2.77","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro measurement accuracy of a three-dimensional ultrasound scanner","volume":"10","author":"King","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(14)80322-2","article-title":"Ultrasound beam orientation during standard two-dimensional imaging: Assessment by three-dimensional echocardiography","volume":"5","author":"King","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib94","first-page":"209","article-title":"Three-dimensional echocardiography","volume":"3","author":"King","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Card. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib95","first-page":"85","article-title":"3d Ultrasound\u2013the Kretztechnik Voluson\u00ae Approach","volume":"1","author":"Kirbach","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Journal of Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01745143","article-title":"3-D visualization of arterial structures using ultrasound and Voxel modelling","volume":"4","author":"Kitney","year":"1989","journal-title":"Intern. J. Cardiac lmag."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02734099","article-title":"3D-surface reconstruction of intravascular ultrasound images using personal computer hardware and a motorized catheter control","volume":"15","author":"Klein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kluytmans, M., Bouma, C. J., ter Haar Romeny, B. M., Pasterkamp, G., and Viergever, M. A. (1995) Analysis and 3D display of 30 MHz intravascular ultrasound images. Computer Vision, Virtual Reality and Robotics in Medicine First International Conference, CVRMed '95 Proceedings, pp. 406\u2013412","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-49197-2_51"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1995.05040217.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional ultrasound\u2013technology push or market pull?","volume":"5","author":"Kossoff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.195.3.7754024","article-title":"Transducer rotation: a useful scanning manoeuvre in three-dimensional ultrasonic volume imaging","volume":"195","author":"Kossoff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"year":"1989","series-title":"Diagnostic ultrasound: Principles, Instrumenfs, and Exercises","author":"Kremkau","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib101"},{"year":"1990","series-title":"Doppler ultrasound: Principles and instruments","author":"Kremkau","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib102"},{"year":"1990","series-title":"Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics","author":"Krestel","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib103"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91355-E","article-title":"The primary application of three-dimensional ultrasonography in obstetrics","volume":"166","author":"Kuo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Obsret. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib105","first-page":"761","article-title":"An efficient environment for stereoscopic volume visualization","volume":"4","author":"Lateiner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1145\/127719.122748","article-title":"Hierarchical splatting: A progressive refinement algorithms for volume rendering","volume":"25","author":"Laur","year":"1991","journal-title":"Comput. Graphics."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121H","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90656-J","article-title":"Three-dimensional echocardiog-raphy: techniques and applications","volume":"69","author":"Levine","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/38.511","article-title":"Display of surfaces from volume data","volume":"8","author":"Levoy","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Computer graphics arid Applications."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/38.50671","article-title":"Volume rendering, a hybrid ray tracer for rendering polygon and volume data","volume":"10","author":"Levoy","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1145\/78964.78965","article-title":"Efficient ray tracing of volume data","volume":"9","author":"Levoy","year":"1990","journal-title":"ACM Transurtions on Gruphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib111","unstructured":"Levoy, M. (1992) Volume rendering using the Fourier projection-slice theorem. Proceedings Graphics Inmface '92, pp. 61\u201369."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1145\/37402.37422","article-title":"Marching cubes: A high resolution three-dimensional surface construction algorithm","volume":"21","author":"Lorensen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comput. Graphics."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib113","first-page":"97","article-title":"A method for three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the heart in vivo","volume":"1","author":"McCann","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dynamic Cardiovusc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1109\/5.9652","article-title":"Multidimensional ultrasonic imaging for cardiology","volume":"76","author":"McCann","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib115","series-title":"Medical Imaging Systems","first-page":"173","article-title":"Basic ultrasonic imaging","author":"Macovski","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1145\/169711.169705","article-title":"Fourier volume rendering","volume":"12","author":"Malzbender","year":"1993","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin, R. W., Legget, M., McDonald, J., Li, X.-N, Leotta, D., Bolson, E., Bashein, G., Otto, C. M., and Sheehan, F. H. (1995) Stereographic viewing of 3D ultrasound images: a novelty or a tool? 1995 lEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings An International Symposium (Cat No 95CH35844), pp. 1431\u20134.2.","DOI":"10.1109\/ULTSYM.1995.495824"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib118","series-title":"Vascular Imaging by Color Doppler and Mugnetic Resonance","first-page":"87","article-title":"Color Doppler instrumentation","author":"Maslak","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1995.05040222.x","article-title":"Volume scanning in the evaluation of fetal malformations: a new dimension in prenatal diagnosis","volume":"5","author":"Merz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib120","first-page":"111","article-title":"Three-250 THOMAS R. NELSON dimensional reconstruction and volume calculation from a series of nonparallel, real-time, ultrasonic images","volume":"62","author":"Moritz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1983.325151","article-title":"An ultrasonic technique for imaging the ventricle in three dimensions and calculating its volume","volume":"30","author":"Moritz","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engin."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(95)00018-M","article-title":"Registration of three-dimensional compound ultrasound scans of the breast for refraction and motion corrections","volume":"21","author":"Moskalik","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib123","first-page":"973","article-title":"Synchronization of time-varying physiological data in 3DUS studies","volume":"22","author":"Nelson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Physics."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/38.252557","article-title":"Visualization of 3D ultrasound data","volume":"13","author":"Nelson","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1992.02030166.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional ultrasound of fetal surface features","volume":"2","author":"Nelson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gyizecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib126","first-page":"927","article-title":"3-dimensional ultrasound volume measurement","volume":"201","author":"Nelson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med. Physics."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.6.7754898","article-title":"Visualization of the fetal thoracic skeleton with three-dimensional sonography: A preliminary report","volume":"164","author":"Nelson","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1098(1997)8:1<26::AID-IMA4>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Interactive acquisition, analysis, and visualization of sonographic volume data","volume":"8","author":"Nelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Imagimg Systems and Technology"},{"issue":"P","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib129","first-page":"191","article-title":"Interactive electronic scalpel for extraction of organs from 3DUS data","volume":"197","author":"Nelson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.15.1.1","article-title":"Three-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of fetal heart anatomy and function: Acquisition, Analysis, and Display","volume":"15","author":"Nelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1994.tb09192.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional imaging of the prostatic urethra\u2013an exciting new tool","volume":"74","author":"Ng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.2.718","article-title":"Arterial imaging with a new forward-viewing intravascular ultrasound catheter, II. Three-dimensional reconstruction and display of data","volume":"89","author":"Ng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-7346(84)90006-3","article-title":"Computerized three-dimensional finite element reconstruction of the left ventricle from cross-sectional echocardiograms","volume":"6","author":"Nikravesh","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ultrasonic Imag."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(94)90024-8","article-title":"Three-dimensional and four-dimensional echocardiography","volume":"20","author":"Ofili","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.1992.tb00513.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional and four-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic imaging of the heart and aorta in humans using a computed tomographic imaging probe","volume":"9","author":"Pandian","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eclzocardiography"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(95)00026-N","article-title":"Intravascular ultrasound image subtraction: A contrast enhancing technique to facilitate automatic three-dimensional visualization of the arterial lumen","volume":"21","author":"Pasterkamp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(91)91016-G","article-title":"Initial clinical experience with a 48 by 48 element biplane transesophageal probe","volume":"122","author":"Pearson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(93)90001-5","article-title":"Three-dimensional colour Doppler imaging","volume":"19","author":"Picot","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"year":"1991","series-title":"Digital Image Processing","author":"Pratt","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib139"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1991.01060381.x","article-title":"3-Dimensional ultrasound imaging in patient diagnosis and management: The future","volume":"1","author":"Pretorius","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gyizecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1994.13.11.871","article-title":"Prenatal visualization of cranial sutures and fontanelles with three-dimensional ultrasonography","volume":"13","author":"Pretorius","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1995.05040219.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional ultrasound","volume":"5","author":"Pretorius","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1995.14.5.349","article-title":"Fetal face visualization using three-dimensional ultrasonography","volume":"14","author":"Pretorius","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1992.11.5.225","article-title":"3-Dimensional sonographic analysis based on color flow Doppler and gray scale image data: A preliminary report","volume":"11","author":"Pretorius","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1979.308860","article-title":"Magnetic positioning and orientation tracking system","volume":"15","author":"Raab","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Systenis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.161.4.8372741","article-title":"Three-dimensional sonographic reconstruction: techniques and diagnostic applications","volume":"161","author":"Rankin","year":"1993","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1995.14.12.881","article-title":"Distance and volume measurement using three-dimensional ultrasonography","volume":"14","author":"Riccabona","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1996.15.9.627","article-title":"Three-dimensional sonographic measurement of bladder volume","volume":"15","author":"Riccabona","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Ultrasourzd Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-6111(96)00048-1","article-title":"Automated texture-based segmentation of ultrasound images of the prostate","volume":"20","author":"Richard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(95)02052-7","article-title":"Three-dimensional ultrasonic angiography using power-mode Doppler","volume":"22","author":"Ritchie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib151","first-page":"173","article-title":"Interactive 3-D image display and analysis","volume":"939","author":"Rohb","year":"1988","journal-title":"SPZE"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1109\/42.34710","article-title":"Interactive display and analysis of 3-D medical images","volume":"8","author":"Robb","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.5.1938","article-title":"Three-dimensional reconstruction of human coronary and peripheral arteries from images recorded during two-dimensional intravascular ultrasound examination","volume":"84","author":"Rosenfield","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1991.01060384.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional imaging of solid breast tumors with ultrasound: preliminary data and analysis of its possible contribution to the understanding of the standard two-dimensional sonographic images","volume":"1","author":"Rotten","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gyrzecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.190.3.8115639","article-title":"Power Doppler US: A potentially useful alternative to mean frequency-based color Doppler US","volume":"190","author":"Rubin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"year":"1992","series-title":"The Image Processing Handbook","author":"Russ","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib156"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1145\/378456.378476","article-title":"A rendering algorithm for visualizing 3D Scalar fields","volume":"22","author":"Sabella","year":"1988","journal-title":"Comput. Graphics."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakas, G., and Walter, S. (1995) Extracting surfaces from fuzzy 3D-ultrasound data. Computer Graphics Proceedings SIGGRAPH 95, 465\u2013474.","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218504"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakas, G., Schreyer, L.-A., and Grimm. M. (1994) Visualization of 3D ultrasonic data. Proceedings Visualization '94 (Cat No 94CH35707), pp. 369\u2013373, CP42.","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.1994.346294"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1109\/38.391490","article-title":"Preprocessing and voiume rendering of 3D ultrasonic data","volume":"15","author":"Sakas","year":"1995","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(94)00125-W","article-title":"Ultrasonic three-dimensional reconstruction of the heart","volume":"21","author":"Salustri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib162","first-page":"1165","article-title":"Stable surface estimation","author":"Sander","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarti, A., Lamberti, C., Erbacci, G., and Pini, R. (1993) Volume rendering for 3-D echocardiography visualization. Proceedings Computers in Cardiology 1993 (Cat No 93CH3384\u201351, pp. 209\u2013212.","DOI":"10.1109\/CIC.1993.378467"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib164","first-page":"2646","article-title":"3-D surface contours","volume":"7","author":"Schroeder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dr Dobb's Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90682-3","article-title":"Simulation of intraoperative visualization of cardiac structures and study of dynamic surgical anatomy with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography","volume":"73","author":"Schwartz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib166","first-page":"21","article-title":"Computer-generated three-dimensional ultrasound images of the carotid artery","author":"Selzer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Computers in Cardiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib167","first-page":"38","article-title":"Congenital heart disease: wide-field, three-dimensional, and four-dimensional ultrasound imaging","volume":"9","author":"Seward","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiac Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-7346(82)90094-3","article-title":"Compound scanning with a phased array","volume":"4","author":"Shattuck","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ultrasonic. Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.4.1715","article-title":"Three-dimensional echocardiography. In viva validation for left ventricular volume and function","volume":"88","author":"Siu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-7346(92)90064-3","article-title":"Two-dimensional arrays for medical ultrasound","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ultrasonic Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80147-4","article-title":"Real-time orthogonal mode scanning of the heart. I. system design","volume":"7","author":"Snyder","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"State, A., Chen, D. T., Tector, C., Brandt, A., Hong, C., Ohbuchi, R., Bajura, M., and Fuchs, H. (1994) Observing a volume rendered fetus within a pregnant patient. Proceedings Visualization '94 (Cat No 94CH35707J, pp. 364\u2013368, CP41.","DOI":"10.1109\/VISUAL.1994.346295"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"State, A., Livingston, M. A., Garrett, W. F., Hirota, G., Whitton, M. C., Pisano, E. D., and Fuchs, H. (1996) Technologies for augmented reality systems: realizing ultrasound-guided needle biopsies. Computer Graphics Proceedings SIGGRAPH '96, pp. 439\u2013446.","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237283"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1109\/42.310883","article-title":"Volume rendering of 3D medical ultrasound data using direct feature mapping","volume":"13","author":"Steen","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138793","article-title":"Three-dimensional ultrasound in obstetrics and gynaecology: technique, possibilities and limitations","volume":"9","author":"Steiner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Human Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(84)90070-X","article-title":"An analysis of three-dimensional reconstructive echocardiography","volume":"10","author":"Stickels","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"year":"1987","series-title":"Clinical Applications of Doppler Ultrasound","author":"Taylor","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib177"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(95)02010-1","article-title":"Ultrasound focal beam surgery","volume":"21","author":"ter Haar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38508-7","article-title":"Determination of prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound. J","volume":"145","author":"Tems","year":"1991","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(96)00079-8","article-title":"A three-dimensional ultrasound prostate imaging system","volume":"22","author":"Tong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-7346(86)90006-4","article-title":"A quantitative approach to speckle reduction via frequency compounding","volume":"8","author":"Trahey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ultrasonic Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib182","first-page":"202","article-title":"Two-dimensional transducer arrays for medical ultrasound: beamforming and imaging","volume":"1733","author":"Turnbull","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of the SPIE\u2013The International Society for Optical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03168161","article-title":"Surface and volume rendering in 3D imaging: A comparison","volume":"4","author":"Udupa","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Digital Imaging"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13842.x","article-title":"Assessment of congenital heart defects by dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography; methods of data acquisition and clinical potential","volume":"410","author":"Vogel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta. Paediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib185","first-page":"129","article-title":"Three-dimensional intracoronary ultrasound imaging. Methodology and clinical relevance for the assessment of coronary arteries and bypass grafts","volume":"37","author":"von Birgelen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cardiavasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1117\/12.18779","article-title":"Real time volumetric ultrasound imaging system","volume":"1231","author":"von Ramm","year":"1990","journal-title":"SPIE"},{"issue":"Suppl.2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib187","first-page":"11","article-title":"Real-time, three-dimensional ecbocardiography: The first human images","volume":"84","author":"von Ramm","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"P","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib188","first-page":"308","article-title":"Real-time volumetric US imaging","volume":"193","author":"van Ramm","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(94)90492-8","article-title":"Clinical application of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1995.14.12.919","article-title":"Volume imaging: three-dimensional appreciation of the fetal head and face","volume":"14","author":"Warren","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib191","series-title":"Advanced Animation and Rendering Techniques: Theory and Practice","first-page":"297","article-title":"Volume rendering techniques","author":"Watt","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-624X(93)90068-B","article-title":"The present status of ultrasonic imaging in medicine","volume":"31","author":"Wells","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/39\/12\/001","article-title":"Ultrasonic colour flow imaging","volume":"39","author":"Wells","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physics in Medicine and Bidogy"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-624X(81)90007-X","article-title":"Speckle in ultrasonic imaging","volume":"19","author":"Wells","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4823090","article-title":"Volume visualization I: Basic concepts and applications","volume":"6","author":"Wolff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Comput. Physics."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4823125","article-title":"Volume visualization II: Ray-tracing of Volume Data","volume":"6","author":"Wolff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Comput. Physics."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4823160","article-title":"Volume visualization III: Polygonally Based Volume Rendering","volume":"7","author":"Wolff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Comput. Physics."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1109\/51.139040","article-title":"Visualization and modeling of 3-D structures","author":"Wood","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE. Engirieer. Med. Biol. June"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib199","series-title":"Textbook of diagiiastic ultrosonics","first-page":"58","article-title":"Images and artifacts","author":"Zagzebski","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(95)00007-E","article-title":"Quantitative investigation of in vitro flow using three-dimensional colour Doppler ultrasound","volume":"21","author":"Zhenyu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0065-2458(08)60668-3_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.15.1.25","article-title":"Selection and identification of standard cardiac views from three-dimensional volume scans of the fetal thorax","volume":"15","author":"Zosmer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."}],"container-title":["Advances in Computers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T13:43:09Z","timestamp":1738244589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0065245808606683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998]]},"ISBN":["9780120121472"],"references-count":201,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0065-2458(08)60668-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-2458"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0065-2458"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998]]}}}