{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T08:14:51Z","timestamp":1779351291752,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,4,1]],"date-time":"1997-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":859852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5951,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)80180-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,10]],"date-time":"2004-04-10T09:39:29Z","timestamp":1081589969000},"page":"33-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":413,"title":["The RNA\u2013DNA Hybrid Maintains the Register of Transcription by Preventing Backtracking of RNA Polymerase"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Evgeny","family":"Nudler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arkady","family":"Mustaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Goldfarb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgeny","family":"Lukhtanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3784","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.3784","article-title":"RNA cleavage and chain elongation by Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in a binary enzyme RNA complex","volume":"91","author":"Altman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7660129","article-title":"Elongin (SIII)","volume":"269","author":"Aso","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90121-6","article-title":"Transcript cleavage factors from E","volume":"72","author":"Borukhov","year":"1993","journal-title":"coli. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.5.1388-1392.1995","article-title":"Escherichia coli NusG protein stimulates transcription elongation rates in vivo and in vitro","volume":"177","author":"Burova","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB5","first-page":"1","article-title":"New models for the mechanism of transcription elongation and its regulation","volume":"88","author":"Chamberlin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Harvey Lect."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB6","series-title":"Transcription","first-page":"297","article-title":"New perspective on RNA chain elongation and termination by E","author":"Chan","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90144-N","article-title":"Three-dimensional structure of yeast RNA polymerase II at 16 \u00c5 resolution","volume":"66","author":"Darst","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.62.070193.004333","article-title":"Control of transcription termination by RNA-binding proteins","volume":"62","author":"Das","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235608","article-title":"Multiple RNA polymerase conformations and GreA","volume":"262","author":"Erie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(80)90320-7","article-title":"A model for transcription termination suggested by studies on the trp attenuator in vitro using base analogs","volume":"20","author":"Farnham","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB11","first-page":"99","article-title":"Reagents for directed modification of biopolymers. Aromatic 2-chlortoaethylamines with controlled reactivity","volume":"4","author":"Gall","year":"1979","journal-title":"Izv. Sib. Otd. Acad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khim. Nauk"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(82)90092-7","article-title":"A topological model for transcription based on unwinding angle analysis of E. coli RNA polymerase binary, initiation and ternary complexes","volume":"29","author":"Gamper","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11238","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.19.11238","article-title":"Identification of a decay in transcription potential that results in elongation factor dependence of RNA polymerase II","volume":"270","author":"Gu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6935","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.14.6935","article-title":"Increased accommodation of nascent RNA in a product site on RNA polymerase II during arrest","volume":"93","author":"Gu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1996.0707","article-title":"A model for the mechanism of polymerase translocation","volume":"265","author":"Guajardo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.14.4238","article-title":"Topography of transcription path","volume":"80","author":"Hanna","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01086a031","article-title":"Conversion of mono- and oligodeoxyribonucleotides to 5\u2032-triphosphates","volume":"87","author":"Hoard","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.7.1342","article-title":"The RNA polymerase II ternary complex cleaves the nascent transcript in 3\u2032-5\u2032 direction in the presence of elongation factor SII","volume":"6","author":"Izban","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)31468-6","article-title":"The increment of SII-facilitated transcript cleavage varies dramatically between elongation competent and incompetent RNA polymerase II ternary complexes","volume":"268","author":"Izban","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13677","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.13677","article-title":"Fidelity of RNA polymerase II transcription controlled by elongations factor TFIIS","volume":"93","author":"Jeon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90314-X","article-title":"Complexes of yeast RNA polymerase II and RNA are substrates for TFIIS-induced RNA cleavage","volume":"77","author":"Johnson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1536008","article-title":"Structure of transcription elongation complex in vivo","volume":"255","author":"Kainz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(93)90340-9","article-title":"Histidine-tagged RNA polymerase","volume":"130","author":"Kashlev","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.13.1916107","article-title":"RNA polymerase","volume":"5","author":"Kerppola","year":"1991","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"94","key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB001","article-title":"Arrest of transcription","author":"Komisarrova","year":"1997","journal-title":"coli RNA polymerase translocates backward leaving the"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB002","article-title":"RNA polymerase switches between inactivated and activated states translocating back and forth along the DNA and the RNA","volume":"272","author":"Komisarrova","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(92)90917-9","article-title":"Structural analysis of ternary complexes of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Individual complexes halted along different transcription units have distinct and unexpected biochemical properties","volume":"225","author":"Krummel","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.8.3221","article-title":"Protein\u2013RNA interactions in the active center of transcription elongation complex","volume":"93","author":"Markovtsov","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)41792-9","article-title":"Host factor requirements for processive antitermination of transcription and suppression of pausing by the N protein of bacteriophage \u03bb","volume":"267","author":"Mason","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1994.1072","article-title":"Analysis of RNA chain elongation and termination by Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase III","volume":"235","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36495-6","article-title":"Active center rearrangement in RNA polymerase initiation complex","volume":"268","author":"Mustaev","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12036","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.25.12036","article-title":"Topology of the RNA polymerase active center probed by chimeric rifampicin-nucleotide compounds","volume":"91","author":"Mustaev","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8047884","article-title":"Discontinuous mechanism of transcription elongation","volume":"265","author":"Nudler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90388-7","article-title":"Coupling between transcription termination and RNA polymerase inchworming","volume":"81","author":"Nudler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5272.211","article-title":"Transcription processivity","volume":"273","author":"Nudler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4596","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.10.4596","article-title":"Intrinsic transcript cleavage activity of RNA polymerase","volume":"92","author":"Orlova","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB35","series-title":"RNA Structure and Function","article-title":"RNA structure in transcription elongation, termination, and antitermination","author":"Platt","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90114-0","article-title":"Three-dimensional structure of E. coli core RNA polymerase","volume":"83","author":"Polyakov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4569","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.12.4569","article-title":"Archaebacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerases testify to the evolution of the eukaryotic nuclear genome","volume":"86","author":"Puhler","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81395-1","article-title":"Promoter proximal sequences modulate RNA polymerase II elongation by a novel mechanism","volume":"87","author":"Reeder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB39","series-title":"Transcription Mechanisms and Regulation","first-page":"263","article-title":"Transcript elongation and gene regulation in eukaryotes","author":"Reines","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4245","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.10.4245","article-title":"Footprinting analysis of mammalian RNA polymerase II along its transcript","volume":"88","author":"Rice","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB41","series-title":"Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium","first-page":"822","article-title":"Control of RNA chain elongation and termination","author":"Richardson","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8057","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.17.8057","article-title":"The active site of RNA polymerase II participates in transcript cleavage within arrested ternary complexes","volume":"91","author":"Rudd","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23495","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.38.23495","article-title":"Translocation and transcriptional arrest during transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II","volume":"271","author":"Samkurashvili","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.5.1192","article-title":"Prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerases have homologous core subunits","volume":"84","author":"Sweetser","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90387-9","article-title":"Discontinuous movements of DNA and RNA in RNA polymerase accompany formation of a paused transcription complex","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42576-8","article-title":"Mechanistic studies of transcriptional arrest at the adenovirus majour late attenuation site","volume":"267","author":"Wiest","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB47","series-title":"Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium","first-page":"1241","article-title":"Transcript elongation and termination in Escherichia coli","author":"Yager","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00218a032","article-title":"A thermodynamic analysis of RNA transcript elongation and termination in E. coli","volume":"30","author":"Yager","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.14.5301","article-title":"Gene Q antitermination protein of Escherichia coli phages 82 and \u03bb suppress pausing by RNA polymerase at a \u03c1-dependent terminator and other sites","volume":"86","author":"Yang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.5.1739","article-title":"Translocation of the Escherichia coli transcription complex observed in the registers 11 to 20; \u201cjumping\u201d of RNA polymerase and asymmetric expansion and contraction of the \u201ctranscription bubble.\u201d Proc","volume":"92","author":"Zaychikov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80180-4_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5271.107","article-title":"Mapping of catalytic residues in the RNA polymerase active center","volume":"273","author":"Zaychikov","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867400801804?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0092867400801804?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T13:50:08Z","timestamp":1623765008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0092867400801804"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0092867400801804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)80180-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0092-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0092-8674","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,4]]}}}