{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T12:12:30Z","timestamp":1775909550148,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9131","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]],"date-time":"1998-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":904608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]],"date-time":"1998-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":904608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(98)07037-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,10]],"date-time":"2002-09-10T22:41:15Z","timestamp":1031697675000},"page":"854-865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6567,"title":["Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"352","member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6","article-title":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)","volume":"352","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib2","first-page":"165","article-title":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study 24: relative efficacy of sulfonylurea, insulin and metformin therapy in newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes with primary diet failure followed for six years","volume":"128","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib3","first-page":"4059","article-title":"Metabolic effects of metformin on glucose and lactate metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"81","author":"Cusi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.6.755","article-title":"Biguanides and NIDDM","volume":"15","author":"Bailey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.16.4.621","article-title":"Effects of metformin on insulin resistance, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and plasminogen activator inhibitor in NIDDM subjects: a study of two ethnic groups","volume":"16","author":"Nagi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411033311803","article-title":"Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone","volume":"331","author":"Nolan","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib7","first-page":"65","article-title":"A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications on patients with adult-onset diabetes: V\u2013 evaluation of phenformin therapy","volume":"24","year":"1975","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01263443","article-title":"Biguanides","volume":"14","author":"Nattrass","year":"1978","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602293340906","article-title":"Metformin","volume":"334","author":"Bailey","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400195","article-title":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study VIII: study design, progress and performance","volume":"34","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.11.1249","article-title":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study 16: overview of six years' therapy of type 2 diabetes\u2014a progressive disease","volume":"44","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-1_Part_2-199601011-00011","article-title":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study 17: a nine-year update of a randomized, controlled trial on the effect of improved metabolic control on complications in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"124","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Net weight standard for men and women","volume":"40","year":"1959","journal-title":"Statist Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib15","series-title":"Modern epidemiology","author":"Rothman","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib16","series-title":"Treatment of early breast cancer","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1994.tb02032.x","article-title":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study XI: biochemical risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients at diagnosis compared with age-matched normal subjects","volume":"11","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib18","first-page":"74A","article-title":"Metformin reduces systemic methylgloxal levels in NIDDM","volume":"46","author":"Beisswenger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00456115","article-title":"Effect of past and concurrent body mass index on prevalence of glucose intolerance and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and on insulin response: the Israel study of glucose intolerance, obesity and hypertension","volume":"29","author":"Modan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.1.87","article-title":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study 28: a randomised trial of efficacy of early addition of metformin in sulphonylureatreated non-insulin dependent diabetes","volume":"21","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8_bib20","first-page":"A33","article-title":"Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in NIDDM: metformin prevents insulin-induced weight gain","volume":"39","author":"Yki-Jarvinen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetologia"}],"container-title":["The Lancet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0140673698070378?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0140673698070378?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T23:49:18Z","timestamp":1758844158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0140673698070378"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9131","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0140673698070378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(98)07037-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-6736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-6736","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07037-8","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1998 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}